晚茬大麦催芽机播技术

研究总结了啤酒大麦种子的发芽条件，大批量麦种用于机播的浸种催芽方法，催芽种子遇雨时的控芽技术及催芽种子的机播技术。     

油茶芽苗砧种苗生产技术探讨

系统介绍了油茶芽苗砧嫁接苗的生产技术,包括油茶种子的采集与处理、芽苗砧的生产、芽苗砧的嫁接与芽苗砧嫁接苗的管理、油茶种苗的出圃等方面。     

高粱杂交种低芽率原因与对策

高梁在制种过程中,由于种子发芽率具有不可抗逆性,低芽率种子一旦形成则无法挽回,而且种子芽率的高低是种子播种品质的主要指标,低芽率的种子一旦形成只能做转商处理,这样势必会给种子生产企业造成一定的经济损失,所以做好种子的保芽率工作至关重要。     

保铃棉新棉33B种子的特点及其覆膜播种技术

近两年以来 ,河北省棉花的主栽品种是从美国引进的保铃棉新棉 33B,该品种种子采用了脱绒包衣技术 ,以小袋计量包装为推广形式 ,走在了棉花种子生产产业化的前列。本文试就加工处理后新棉33B种子发芽出苗的生理特点和脱绒包衣种子播种的地膜覆盖配套技术 ,探讨该品种播种技术的改进和提高 ,最大限度地发挥新棉 33B好品种、好种子和覆膜播种增产增收的综合效益。1　经过加工处理后新棉 33B种子的特点新棉 33B种子种皮被有稠密的短绒 ,影响播种特别是机播工作的进行 ,不利于种子与土壤紧密接触和吸水 ,从而影响发芽和出苗 ,同时短绒上附着大…     

提高机播夏玉米幼苗整齐度的主要技术措施

机播夏玉米幼苗整齐度不高的主要原因在于种子播种质量、土壤墒情、机播质量差异,幼苗期管理水平影响,导致苗情差异,影响苗期整齐度。可以通过精选种子,大小粒分开、适时、适墒,精细播种,强化幼苗期管理等措施的实施,有效提高玉米幼苗整齐度,为夺取夏玉米高产奠定基础。     

湿地松芽苗移栽育苗技术探讨

从介绍湿地松芽苗培育方法出发,包括制作芽苗育苗床、种子消毒、种子催芽处理及沙床播种方法等方面,论述了芽苗移栽方法,并阐述了苗圃管理技术,为苗农培育湿地松苗木提供了参考。     

大豆种子的储存管理

大豆种子的芽率是种子生产企业的一大关键指标．而豆种的芽率很大一部分取决于豆种的储存条件。由于豆类作物内含较高的油分和蛋白质,在高温高湿的条件下,种子容易发生物理及化学变化,而影响到种子生活力及发芽率,因此采取何种储存方式,直接影响到大豆种子芽率的高低。     

油茶芽苗砧嫁接育苗技术

从生产实际出发,介绍油茶芽苗砧嫁接育苗技术在砧木种子的选择、贮藏、培育、苗圃地选择整理、嫁接技术及嫁接苗管理等技术环节的应用。     

大麦种子重量对芽鞘大小的影响

谷物种子大小对于植株早期发育、幼苗长势以及谷粒产量的影响,许多研究者早有阐述,但种子重量对芽鞘长度的影响,仍很不清楚。而芽鞘长度及其与植株高度的关系,对育种有重大意义。由于对矮秆育种目标的研究往往导致芽鞘长度缩短,以致幼苗长势与出苗率降低。因此,对芽鞘长度的变异性及其与茎秆长度的相关性,包括种子重量对芽鞘大小影响     

磨光甜菜种子的特性

经过加工的甜菜多芽磨光种子已于1988年在黑龙江垦区进行了大面积试种,效果较好,深受种植户的欢迎。种子经过磨光后,减少了花萼木质部份,经筛选、分离即可得到粒径均匀、适合机械条播或精量点播的磨光种子。种子经磨光加工后发芽率提高5％～20％,可保持多芽种的芽多、拱土能力强     

杂交水稻亲本混播机械化制种研究进展

混播制种是指将杂交水稻的父母本种子混合播种,通过物理或化学方法将收获的种子区分杂交种和父本种的制种方式,是杂交水稻制种技术的发展方向之。综述了杂交水稻父母本混播制种的研究动态,提出选育大、小粒型亲本,实行父母本机械混播混收全程机械化制种,通过物理方法筛选分离杂交种子与父本种子的设想。     

杂交稻低播量精量播种育秧及机插取秧特性

【目的】明确杂交稻70 g以下低播量精量穴播和条播对育秧效果及机插特性的影响,突破生产中杂交稻机插的技术瓶颈。【方法】以中浙优1号和甬优1540两个杂交稻品种为材料,利用机插标准9寸盘,设置机械穴播和条播两个精量播种方式,并以机械流水线撒播为对照,穴播规格为16(纵向)×34(横向)穴,条播为纵向16条,以穴播5粒、3粒及2粒的播种量进行播种试验。考查了低播量下不同播种方式对秧苗生长影响及配套取秧效果【结果】1)低播量下不同播种方式对秧苗成苗率的影响不大。2)降低播种量提高秧苗生长一致性,且穴播和条播秧苗生长一致性好于撒播。3)与撒播相比,精量穴播和条播能够在低播量下提高秧苗根系盘结力和成毯性,中浙优1号和甬优1540根系盘结力比撒播平均高75.4%和81.0%,播量每穴3粒时即能有效成毯,穴播和条播差异不大。4)精量穴播和条播能够显著降低低播量下机插漏秧率,中浙优1号和甬优1540机插漏秧率平均分别比撒播低76.3%和74.6%,穴播和条播下,两个品种每穴播量3粒的漏秧率均在1%以下,与撒播相比降幅在10个百分点以上。5)精量穴播和条播机插取秧苗数均匀度比撒播要好,两个品种预期取秧2~5苗(5粒)、1~3苗(3粒)和1~2苗(2粒)比例均达80%以上,中浙优1号和甬优1540机插苗数均匀度平均比撒播高121.2%和67.0%,其中,穴播机插取秧苗数均匀度及预期取秧苗数比例高于条播。【结论】精量穴播和条播可以解决目前杂交稻机插用种量大、漏秧率高和机插取秧苗数均匀度差的问题。     

Characteristics of Seedling Raising and Mechanized Transplanting of Hybrid Rice with a Low Seeding Rate by Precise Seeding Method

【Objective】 The purpose of the study is to ascertain the effect of precise hill-sowing and drill-sowing methods on seedling raising and the characteristics of mechanized transplanting of hybrid rice with a low seed sowing rate below 70 g, and to further break the current technical bottleneck in mechanized transplanting process of hybrid rice. 【Method】 In this study, Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 1540 were mechanically hill-sowed and drill-sowed in standard seedling raising trays with mechanized broadcasting as the control. The hill-sowing specification was 16×34 hill, and 16 drills were set in longitudinal direction for drill sowing. The seed sowing rates were 5 seeds, 3 seeds, and 2 seeds per hill for hill sowing, and the same seed rates were set in drill sowing. The effects of different sowing methods on the growth of seedlings and their mechanical transplanting characteristics were investigated. 【Results】 1) Sowing methods presented no significant effect on seedling percentage with a reduction in seeding rate. 2) A reduction in seeding rate improved rice seedling consistency, especially in hill sowing and drill sowing as compared with broadcasting. 3) In comparison with seed broadcasting, under hill seeding and drill seeding, seedling roots were more entwined as seedling mats. Under hill-sowing and drill sowing, Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 1540 had 75.4% and 81.0% higher intertwining force than that of broadcasting, respectively. Precise hill- and drill-sowing generated effective seedling blanket without significant difference between the two treatments, while broadcast sowing did not. 4) Hill sowing and drill sowing significantly reduced the missed hill percent of machine transplanting. The missed hill percent of Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 1540 under hill sowing and drill sowing were 76.3% and 74.6% lower than that of broadcast sowing in average, respectively. The missed hill percent for hill-seeding and drill-seeding with 3 seeds per hill was below 1%, 10% lower than that of broadcast sowing. 5) The uniformity of machine-transplanted seedling under hill sowing and drill sowing were better than that of broadcast sowing. And the proportion of the treatments with expected seedling-catching number in mechanized transplanting (2 to 5 seedlings with 5 seeds per hill, 1 to 3 seedlings with 3 seeds per hill and 1 to 2 seedlings with 2 seeds per hill) for the two cultivars were all above 80% in hill-sowing and drill-sowing in combination with machine transplanting, and the seedling uniformity of machine-transplanted Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 1540 was 121.2% and 67.0% higher than that under broadcast sowing. Meanwhile hill sowing had a better result than drill sowing. 【Conclusion】 Precision hill seeding and drill seeding provide an alternative measure to current problems such as large amount of seeds, high missed hill percent and uneven seedling taking in the process of machine transplanting of rice.     

Germination of gibberellin sensitiveSolanum (potato) botanical seeds soaked in GA3 and re-dried

Soaking true seeds of potato species in gibberellin (GA) solution prior to sowing has been shown to enhance germination. However, it is often more convenient to sow dry seeds. Model seedlots were selected which had very high germination when soaked in GA and very low without it (i.e., very dependent on GA). These were assumed to provide a sensitive test for germination decline when GA-treated seeds are re-dried. Re-drying and storage for one week had little effect on final percent germination and no effect on the efficacy of GA for enhancing germination. There appears to be little risk in applying this technique whenever it makes seed sowing more convenient.     

观赏荷花种子繁殖技术研究

【目的】探讨观赏荷花种子繁殖技术。[方法】以9个花莲品系的莲子为试材,研究不同成熟度的莲子和不同部位破口处理对莲子发芽率和成苗率的影响,采用分期播种研究不同播期对莲子生长和开花的影响。【结果】采用老熟种子播种莲子发芽率和成苗率均在90％以上;在莲子外壳任何部位破口,都能使种子发芽,在凹头、凸头2个部位破口较为方便,成苗率也较高;随着播种期的延迟,各品种的立叶高度、立叶数、开花率和花朵数显著下降。[结论]在扬州地区荷花种子繁殖的最佳时间为5月上旬至6月上旬,选用老熟莲子,在两头破口,能够正常发芽,植株生长良好并及时开花。     

番橄榄种子育苗的影响因子研究

研究不同成熟度、不同大小果核、不同贮藏期、不同浓度赤霉素处理、不同温度处理对番橄榄种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数的影响。结果表明：成熟度高的果实其种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数远高于中度成熟和初步成熟的种子;大粒果核种子的萌发率高于小粒种子;种子采摘后不宜立即播种,果核经过120-150 d贮藏,有利于种子萌发,但过长时间保存会影响种子萌发;在本实验条件下,赤霉素对番橄榄种子的萌发没有影响;适合番橄榄种子萌发的温度为20-28 ℃。     

水稻恶苗病与浸种、催芽和播种等因子的关系研究

水稻恶苗病菌侵染主要发生在浸种催芽阶段.研究浸种催芽过程中不同影响因子对水稻恶苗病发病率的影响.结果表明:浸种、催芽及播种分开处理发病率低,病菌侵染主要时期是催芽阶段.试验温度处理范围内,浸种过程中发病率随温度增加而上升,催芽温度34℃发病率最高.清水浸种12h后药剂处理能够获得良好的防效,并且对出苗率影响低.     

紫斑病对大豆室内发芽特性的影响

通过紫斑病对大豆室内发芽特性的影响研究,结果表明,大豆感染紫斑病后,种子的发芽势、发芽率、活力指数明显降低,不同感染级别种子的发芽势间存在明显差异,因此,大豆种子感染紫斑病后会因播种品质显著降低而不适于大田用种.     

不同种植模式的花生单粒精播密度研究

研究了春播和麦套2种种植模式下不同密度单粒精播对花生农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明,精播密度对春播花生花育20号和麦田套种花生花育22号的主茎高、侧枝长均随着密度的增加而提高,而分枝数、单株结果数、双仁果率和饱果率均随密度的增加而减少。小粒花生花育20号的适宜密度大于大粒花生花育22号,两者适宜密度分别为22.5和21.0万穴.hm-2,比常规双粒穴播分别增产2.2%和4.1%。     

单粒精播密度对花生冠层结构及产量的影响

为探明密度对单粒精播花生群体冠层结构及产量的影响,大田条件下,以花育22为供试花生品种,设置 每穴单粒和双粒2种播种方式,9万穴/hm2（D1）、12万穴/hm2（D2）和15万穴/hm2（D3）3个种植密度,研究了密度对花 生冠层透光率、冠层叶面积系数、叶片干重及农艺性状的影响。结果表明,随密度的增加,冠层中下部的透光率降 低,单粒播冠层透光率大于双粒播。D1密度下,花生冠层中上部的叶面积系数、叶片干重单粒播低于双粒播,冠层 中下部高于双粒播,而D2和D3密度条件下,冠层叶面积系数、叶片干重单粒播与双粒播差异不显著。随密度的增 加,花生主茎高、侧枝长和公顷果数显著增加,而单穴果数减少,单粒精播侧枝数多于双粒播。随密度的增加,花生 荚果产量呈先升高后降低的趋势,12万穴/hm2的种植密度荚果产量最高,单粒精播花生产量略高于双粒播。总之, 合理密植是花生高产的重要措施,与双粒穴播相比,单粒精播花生冠层下部透光率和叶面积系数高,侧枝多、饱果 率高,是实现花生高产高效的重要措施。