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野外监测试验表明：自由风和风沙流廓线拟合虽都以Z=A·exp（一X／T）＋z。形式分布,但在风沙流中拟合系数更高;风沙流结构中,在20cm以下随着高度的增加,各高度的输沙率百分比、含沙浓度、运动颗粒能量都呈增大趋势;20cm以上随高度增加,各高度输沙率百分比变小,输沙率占总输沙率的51％左右,含沙量主要集中在离地面20cm以内;风沙流在垂直方向上,高度与含沙平均粒径呈负相关,风速与含沙平均粒径变化呈正相关。这些结论对拐子湖地区防风治沙有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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Wind controls the formation and development of sand dunes. Therefore, understanding the wind regimes is necessary in sand dune research. In this study, we combined the wind data from 2017 to 2019 at four meteorological stations (Cherigele and Wuertabulage stations in the lake basins, and Yikeri and Sumujilin stations on the top of sand dunes) in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert in China, with high resolution Google Earth images to analyze the correlation between the wind energy environments and dune morphology. The results of data analysis indicated that both the wind direction and sand drift intensity exhibited notable spatial and temporal variations. The highest level of wind activity was observed in spring. Northwesterly and northeasterly winds were the dominant in the Badain Jaran Desert. At the Cherigele, Wuertabulage, and Yikeri stations, the drift potential (DP) was below 200.00 vector units (VU). The wind energy environments in most areas could be classified as low-energy environments. The resultant drift direction differed at different stations and in different seasons, but the overall direction was mainly the southeast. The resultant drift potential (RDP)/DP ratio was greater than 0.30 in most parts of the study area, suggesting that the wind regimes mainly exhibited unimodal or bimodal characteristics. Differences between the thermodynamic properties and the unique landscape settings of lakes and sand dunes could alter the local circulation and intensify the complexity of the wind regimes. The wind regimes were weaker in the lake basins than on the top of sand dunes. Transverse dunes were the most dominant types of sand dunes in the study area, and the wind regimes at most stations were consistent with sand dune types. Wind was thus the main dynamic factor affecting the formation of sand dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert BJD. The results of this study are important for understanding the relationship between the wind regimes and aeolian landforms of the dune field in the deserts. 相似文献
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基于RS和GIS的沙漠湖泊动态变化研究——以巴丹吉林沙漠为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
沙漠湖泊动态变化的常规观测方法在沙漠的大部分地区无法实施,遥感(RS)与地理信息系统(G IS)技术的发展为研究沙漠湖泊动态变化提供了有效的技术手段。及时准确地掌握和研究沙漠湖泊资源的现状和动态变化过程,对于沙漠湖泊的合理开发、保护和可持续发展都有着及其重要的意义。因此,以巴丹吉林沙漠为例,利用1973年、1990年、2000年、2007年的(多光谱扫描仪)MSS、(专题制图仪)TM、(增强型专题制图仪)ETM+、(中巴地球资源卫星)CBERS_CCD遥感资料为信息源,综合监督分类与目视判读方法提取沙漠湖泊信息,以G IS为工具对湖泊动态变化信息进行分析。结果表明:研究区1973年湖泊面积为28.56km2,2007年的湖泊面积为17.01km2,减少了11.55km2,减少的速度为0.34km2/a,其中1973-1990年间减少的速率最快,为0.66km2/a,1990-2007年间几乎没有发生变化。 相似文献
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巴丹吉林沙漠腹地湖泊水面蒸发模拟的特殊性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
巴丹吉林沙漠腹地的湖泊形成机理一直存在较大争论。其中,湖泊蒸发估算的不确定性可能是导致这一争论的重要原因。采用沙漠腹地的气象观测数据,分析了沙漠腹地湖泊蒸发估算所具有的特殊性,亦即沙漠腹地与外围的风速差异、腹地湖泊\"冷岛效应\"和\"盐度效应\"。具体而言,腹地风速较外围风速小,可引起传统的彭曼模型估算的蒸发偏大,腹地湖泊的冷岛效应则使平流项在湖泊能量平衡过程中不可忽视,腹地湖泊的盐度效应使得其蒸发速率要小于淡水蒸发。因此,开展系统的定位观测是准确获取湖巴丹吉林沙漠腹地泊蒸发的一个合理途径,并有助于揭示沙漠腹地湖泊的形成机理。 相似文献
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Exploring the surface energy exchange between atmosphere and water bodies is essential to gain a quantitative understanding of regional climate change, especially for the lakes in the desert. In this study, measurements of energy flux and water vapor were performed over a lake in the Badain Jaran Desert, China from March 2012 to March 2013. The studied lake had about a 2-month frozen period(December and January) and a 10-month open-water period(February–November). Latent heat flux(LE) and sensible heat flux(Hs) acquired using the eddy covariance technique were argued by measurements of longwave and shortwave radiation. Both fluxes of longwave and shortwave radiation showed seasonal dynamics and daily fluctuations during the study period. The reflected solar radiation was much higher in winter than in other seasons. LE exhibited diurnal and seasonal variations. On a daily scale, LE was low in the morning and peaked in the afternoon. From spring(April) to winter(January), the diurnal amplitude of LE decreased slowly. LE was the dominant heat flux throughout the year and consumed most of the energy from the lake. Generally speaking, LE was mostly affected by changes in the ambient wind speed, while Hs was primarily affected by the product of water-air temperature difference and wind speed. The diurnal LE and Hs were negatively correlated in the open-water period. The variations in Hs and LE over the lake were differed from those on the nearby land surface. The mean evaporation rate on the lake was about 4.0 mm/d over the entire year, and the cumulative annual evaporation rate was 1445 mm/a. The cumulative annual evaporation was 10 times larger than the cumulative annual precipitation. Furthermore, the average evaporation rates over the frozen period and open-water period were approximately 0.6 and 5.0 mm/d, respectively. These results can be used to analyze the water balance and quantify the source of lake water in the Badain Jaran Desert. 相似文献
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巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊形成的机理分析 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
依据实际调查资料并结合前人研究成果,在探明区域水文地质条件的基础上,系统计算分析了沙漠区及外围盆地地下水的补给与排泄,发现沙漠区地下水补给量小于排泄量2.55×108 m3/a,不能解释内陆湖泊水量长久不衰的原因;而位于沙漠区西缘的黑河金塔-鼎新盆地地下水补给量大于排泄量2.66×108 m3/a,未见盆地内地下水位大幅度上升,多余的水量不知去向;与沙漠区衔接的其它盆地地下水资源匮乏且处于补排基本平衡的状态,根本无途径和多余的水量补给沙漠区.前人研究结果证实,横贯我国西北-东西的阿尔金大断裂的东延部分及其所形成的羽翼状断层带存在地表破碎带,且地势西高东低并具有良好的导水性,而这个地表破碎带通过了金塔-鼎新盆地和巴丹吉林沙漠,正好位于沙漠内陆湖泊群附近.而湖泊群一带存在大量钙华和钙质胶结层及湖水中3He/4He的比值,均表明湖泊水经过了深部地壳层的循环,加上黑河正义峡-哨马营段河水海拔高于湖泊群的佐证,认为黑河在金塔-鼎新盆地强烈渗漏所产生的地下水顺着阿尔金断裂自西向东源源不断地补给了巴丹吉林沙漠,经过目前还不为人知的深部循环方式,地下水在湖泊群地表破碎带向上运移形成上升泉,最终成为巴丹吉林内陆沙漠湖泊群水源的补给来源. 相似文献
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隔沙层对盐碱地土壤水盐运动的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在80~100 cm范围土层设置沙层,对土壤电导率和含水量进行为期6个月的观察,分析隔沙层对土壤水盐运动的影响。结果表明:80~100 cm层沙层在大降雨量时能够提高土壤含水量;降雨量小,蒸发强烈的5~7月份,隔沙处理能够使土壤积盐程度较对照减少50%~70%;隔沙层延缓沙层以上土壤水分的下渗,从而提高降雨对土壤盐分的淋洗作用。当降雨量接近蒸发量的时候,隔沙处理土壤就能明显脱盐,而在此雨量下,对照只能保证土壤不发生积盐或少量积盐。雨季结束之后,隔沙处理土壤脱盐率较对照提高10%~35%,并能够使土壤脱盐过程持续到10月份,对植物生长十分有利。 相似文献
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塔里木沙漠公路沿线沙物质特征及环境意义 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
本文对沙漠公路沿线风沙地貌和沙物质的特征、如粒度特征,矿物成分,化学成分以及微量元素组成等进行了分析,为沙漠公路的生物防沙规划,道路的沙害治理提供科学数据。用聚类分析的方法对沙物质分析特征在沙漠环境研究中的应用进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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库布齐沙漠穿沙公路沙害综合防治技术 总被引：20，自引：4，他引：20
库布齐穿沙公路修建在库布齐沙漠高大的流动沙丘区 ,风沙流侵袭与沙丘整体前移埋压公路是主要沙害形式。现有防沙措施是沙障保护下的人工植被及天然植被相结合的综合防护体系 ,固沙及阻沙效益明显。目前要解决的是尽快形成公路两侧稳定的植被群落 ,以保证公路的长期畅通 相似文献
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Ali Mamtimin 《干旱区科学》2011,3(3):199-205
In this paper, the sand transport during a sand-dust storm in the Tazhong area of the central Taklimakan Desert from 11:29 to 23:56 on July 19, 2008 was observed and measured in real time. The sand flux at Tazhong was estimated using sand transport empirical formulas. The critical friction velocity at Tazhong was 0.24 m/s and the functional relation between the wind speed and sediment discharge at the height of 2 m was established. It was also found that the calculated values by Lettau's sediment discharge formula were close to those of the instrument measurements. The horizontal sand flux and the vertical sand flux during this sand-dust storm at Tazhong were respectively 258.67×10-4 kg/(m·s) and 40.07×10-7 kg/(m2·s). 相似文献
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鸣沙山月牙泉以其独特的沙丘抱泉,泉映沙丘景观享誉中外,其形成与保存备受关注。通过野外气象站定位监测与全站仪测量等手段,对鸣沙山月牙泉景区短期沙山变化进行全面系统研究。结果表明:无论年内还是整年监测期,月牙泉周边高大沙丘变化趋势与多年航片解析下的南侧线性沙垄北移和北沙山南移形成的合围之势有所不同。首先,沙丘脊线来回摆动,并非一直朝单一方向移动。其次,沙丘坡面表现风蚀或风积,蚀积量与风况、沙源供给、下垫面以及周边障碍物等密切相关。并且,整年监测期内沙丘迎风坡面风蚀,背风坡面风积。此项研究揭示了月牙泉短期高大沙丘的移动规律,可为月牙泉保护提供新思路。 相似文献
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Jinhu ZHANG 《干旱区科学》2018,10(6):821-832
The complex interactions in desert ecosystems between functional types and environmental conditions could be reflected by plant water use patterns. However, the mechanisms underlying the water use patterns as well as the water sources of Tamarix laxa in the mega-dunes of the Badain Jaran Desert, China, remain unclear. This study investigated the water sources and water use patterns of T. laxa using the stable oxygen isotope method. The δ18O values of xylem water, soil water in different layers (0-200 cm), rainwater, snow water, lake water, atmospheric water vapor, condensate water, and groundwater were measured. The sources of water used by T. laxa were determined using the IsoSource model. The results indicate that T. laxa mainly relies on soil water. At the beginning of the growing season (in May), the species is primarily dependent on water from the middle soil layer (60-120 cm) and deep soil layer (120-200 cm). However, it mainly absorbs water from the shallow soil layer (0-60 cm) as the rainy season commences. In September, water use of T. laxa reverts to the deep soil layer (120-200 cm). The water use patterns of T. laxa are closely linked with heavy precipitation events and soil water content. These findings reveal the drought resistance mechanisms of T. laxa and are of significance for screening species for ecological restoration. 相似文献
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腾格里沙漠东南缘的沙坡头地区，由于气候干旱，风蚀频繁，因而形成的各类土壤均具有质地轻粗，有机质贫乏，保肥能力弱和富钾缺磷等特点，所以，在改良利用上应该积极营 护林，创造细土层，改造粗骨性，并以广开肥源，种植绿肥，培养和提高土壤肥力为重点。 相似文献
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塔里木沙漠公路在复合型纵向沙垄区的道路沙害 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
塔里木沙漠公路穿越高大复合型纵向沙垄段２７５ｋｍ,占到穿越流动沙漠总长度的６１．６％,公路沙害的类型和程度因地貌部位不同而异。通过大量野外调查和观测,并结合成因地貌分析,给出高大复合型纵向沙垄区典型地貌部位的主要沙害形式。 相似文献