试论畜牧业产业化与企业集团化

实行畜牧业产业化是科学、持续、快速、高效发展畜牧业的最佳选择。为进一步加速推进产业化过程，目前应从几个方面突破：一是理顺产业化诸环节关系，建立起适应产业化发展的新机制，实行龙头企业与生产基地的一体化经营，发展集团化道路；二是发展规模经营，这是畜牧业市场化的必然选择；三是深化对畜牧业产业化的认识，政府及社会相关部门应立足畜牧业产业化的发展方向，不断完善社会化服务，确保产业化健康发展。     

试论畜牧业产业化与企业集团化

实行畜牧业产业化是科学、持续、快速、高效发展畜牧业的最佳选择。为进一步加速推进产业化过程，目前应从几个方面突破：一是理顺产业化诸环节关系，建立起适应产业化发展的新机制，实行龙头企业与生产基地的一体化经营，发展集团化道路；二是发展规模经营，这是畜牧业市场化的必然选择；三是深化对畜牧业产业化的认识，政府及社会相关部门应立足畜牧业产业化的发展方向，不断完善社会化服务，确保产业化健康发展。     

河南省信阳市建设国家生态示范区初见成效

河南省信阳市近年来大力实施国家生态示范区建设，坚持科学发展观，发展绿色经济，实施生态农业、生态林业、生态经济发展与环境改善“双赢”的战略，全面建设小康社会，坚持生态建设产业化，产业发展生态化，扎扎实实地发展绿色经济并初见成效。一是大力实施生态农业建设，围绕发展区域特色农业和绿色农副产品，已基本形成深山“林、茵、药、茶”。     

基于新发展理念的庄浪水土保持生态建设对策

在分析庄浪县水土保持生态建设已取得的成效及存在的问题基础上，基于新发展理念，提出统筹规划、整合资金，多措并举、挖掘水土资源利用潜力，加大科研试验力度、推广应用水保科技成果，发展生态农业、建设美丽乡村等对策，旨在带动全县水土保持生态建设与经济高质量发展，实现乡村产业振兴、生态振兴，构建生态美丽庄浪发展新格局。     

东乡县肉羊产业发展现状与优势分析

东乡县降水时空分布不均，境内水资源比较贫乏，是制约种植业发展的一大瓶颈，但东乡县肉羊产业发展良好，已成为当地的支柱产业。为了明确东乡县肉羊产业的发展优势及可持续发展潜力，通过查阅文献与实地调研，对东乡县肉羊产业发展现状、优势和可持续发展的关键因素进行了分析。结果表明，人均羊肉占有量与肉羊出栏量决定着育肥肉羊产业的生产量，是肉羊产业发展的重要基础；肉羊存栏量决定着育肥肉羊群体生产性能，是肉羊产业持续发展的关键所在；饲草供应、科技服务是肉羊产业发展不可缺少的支撑力；屠宰加工、物流配送、品牌营销等关联服务业是肉羊产业的增值途径。以上凸现了东乡县肉羊产业发展优势，说明东乡县发展肉羊产业是可行的，也是县域乡村振兴发展的必然趋势。     

吉林省农业保险发展模式的选择

为更好的解决保险束缚吉林省农业发展的问题，就必须提出一个合理的、高效的、服务于现代农业发展的农业保险发展模式，促进农业保险事业尽快实现规模化、产业化、效益化，推动农业的发展。     

建设陕西生态省的城市协同发展研究——以西安市为例

在陕西省建设生态省过程中，制约西安城市发展的城市环境与其发展目标出现“非协同”。从自然与人文环境两方面解构制约西安城市发展因素，认为自然因素是制约其发展的基础影响因素，人文因素是加剧制约其发展的影响因素，并将基础影响层次和加剧影响层次归结为完整序列。提出了从理念、文化、政策、操作、综合层面纵向突破西安城市非协同发展的五维对策。最后总结了突破环境制约的城市协同发展模式，以期为西部地区城市发展提供借鉴。     

农业节水灌溉的发展方向探讨

孝义市是农业大县，全市耕地面积4．2万hm^2，其中水地1．4万hm^2，发展节水灌溉是农业发展的重中之重。在节水灌溉发展上，经历了以兴建U型渠道为主的发展期、低压管道输水发展期，喷灌技术发展期以及滴灌、涌泉灌、微喷技术发展期等不同阶段。根据目前的实际情况，今后农业节水灌溉的发展方向为：利用现有的低压输水管道发展节水喷灌，大力推广微喷、滴灌等先进的节水技术，积极推进水利产权制度改革，逐步实现用水管理的自动化。     

持续农业发展中的水土保持

持续农业发展中的水土保持唐德富，张忠学（东北农业大学，哈尔滨１５００３０）当今，世界农业发展正面临人口、粮食、资源、环境等几大问题的困扰，各国都在不断调整农业发展战略，探索各自的农业发展道路。８０年代初，持续农业（ＳｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｃＡｇｒｉｃｕｌ...     

农业产业化经营的构成要素与发展类型

农业产业化经营的构成要素包括市场、主导产业、龙型企业或经济组织、商品生产基地、农户、契约关系，这些要素的不同组合与发展，构成了市场产业化经营的不同发展类型，如主导产业带动型、专业市场带动型，等等，各地应从实际出发科学选择发展类型，采取相应对策推进农业产业化经营。     

Mineralogical composition of the clay fraction and micromorphology of the Middle and Late Pleistocene loesses and paleosols in the center of the East European Plain

The mineralogical composition of the clay fraction and microfabrics of the cryogenic soil-loess sequences of the Middle and Late Pleistocene ages have been studied near the northern boundary of loess sediments on the East European Plain. Poorly ordered mixed-layered mica-smectitic minerals with different portions of smectitic layers predominate in the clay fraction; di-and trioctahedral hydromicas occupy the second place. The clay fraction also contains chlorite, clay-size quartz grains, and feldspars. Individual smectite is present in some of the samples. Interstadial chernozem-like paleosols are specified by the higher content of clay, the maximum concentration of smectitic layers in the mixed-layered minerals, and the presence of individual smectite. The clay fraction in the profiles of interglacial paleosols is sharply differentiated: in the eluvial part, it is depleted of smectite and enriched in kaolinite, hydromica, and clay-size quartz. These features allow us to suppose that interglacial paleosols were subjected to podzolization processes. According to the mineralogical indices, Middle Pleistocene paleosols can be differentiated into those subjected to lessivage (the Kamenskii interglacial paleosol) and podzolization (the Inzhavin interglacial paleosol).     

真菌及混合菌对锯木屑类腐殖质形成和转化的影响

采用液体摇瓶培养,在接种单一真菌(木霉、黑曲霉或青霉)和混合菌情况下,研究其对锯木屑类腐殖质组成和转化的影响,旨在揭示微生物利用木质素形成腐殖质的可能性,为土壤腐殖质形成提供理论参考和依据。结论如下:(1)在培养体系中,黑曲霉、青霉和混合菌在培养初期的快速繁殖致使代谢液中可溶性碳数量降低,随菌落繁殖渐趋平衡,降解作用增强,残留物中有机碳组分不断向代谢液中释放有机碳小分子,菌球的吸附作用更加速了这一过程,促使代谢液中有机碳数量急剧增加。木霉对残留物的降解作用显著,随后部分微生物量碳随菌体死亡重新进入残留物中,使得代谢液有机碳数量先增加后减少。整个培养过程中,残留物中碳的数量因降解作用而呈减少趋势。(2)WSS表现为先降低后升高的趋势。(3)接种菌悬液可迅速增大HLA和HLu的含碳量。青霉处理HLA组分一直处于降解阶段,而其他3个处理在培养初期均有利于HLA降解,随微生物自身合成和缩合作用的进一步增强,新的HLA形成。(4)培养初期,FLA的形成速度大于HLA,随后FLA逐渐向HLA转化。(5)培养结束后,各处理FLA分子趋于简单,而HLA分子在整个培养过程中先简单化,而后趋于复杂,新形成的HLA分子结构较复杂。(6)培养初期,木霉和黑曲霉的繁殖促使HLu数量增大,后期HLu逐渐向易溶态有机碳转化,青霉在培养中前期对HLu主要表现为降解,后期随菌体数量扩大,HLu数量再次提高,而混合菌处理HLu的数量一直处于递减状态。培养结束后,各处理HLu的数量均有所增加。     

Overview of the structure and the challenges of Japanese wildlife law and policy

Japan has a variety of laws to conserve and manage wildlife and biodiversity. This article reviews Japanese laws from conservation of endangered species to the fish and game code, and indicates the issues and challenges they face. It then discusses the issues and challenges for management in the application of the laws.The Japanese statute for conservation of endangered species corresponds to the US Endangered Species Act in appearance, but is much more limited in application and scope. There is no legal channel, such as lawsuits, to assure citizens’ and experts’ input. With respect to general species, management of fish and animals are divided; the fish code’s scope is limited to fishery purposes. Control of wildlife damage is the biggest emphasis in the wildlife code. Reform to bring principles of scientific management into pest control has begun, but conventional culling is still the norm.Japan’ wildlife and fish management is distinctive in relying upon local resource users, instead of on a strong regulatory agency. This is a consequence of traditional communal management, and is apparent in coastal fisheries. The depopulation and exhaustion of rural communities, however, makes it difficult to rely on the community for management. In particular, wildlife management, which relies on aging hunters, is facing a turning point. To address these changes, agencies must be strengthened and lawmakers must enact a mechanism to assure sound science in wildlife policy, while working to revitalize rural communities.     

下一代Internet发展综述——下一代Internet的产生和发展

本文论述了IPV6产生的社会原因,阐述了国外发达国家下一代Internet的发展状况和中国下一代Internet的发展状况及最新进展。     

Solods of the Baraba Lowland and the Priobskoe Plateau: Their properties and genesis and the methods of their diagnostics

The properties, hydrological features, and genesis of the solods occurring in the Baraba Lowland and Priobskoe Plateau were studied. Methods for determining the hydromorphism degree are considered; the features of the similarity and differences between the solods and other soils with textural profile differentiation are shown. Depending on the reasons for the waterlogging, the solods should be divided into two groups: the solods of groundwater waterlogging and the solods of surface waterlogging. Criteria for their discrimination are suggested: the ratio between the contents of the clay fraction in the parent rock (or in the B2 horizon) and that in the A2 horizon, the changes in the pH values along the soil profiles, and the content of nonsilicate iron compounds. The solods studied are shown to be formed under the conditions of a stagnant-percolative regime and gleying. This circumstance is an obligatory and sufficient reason for the formation of the light-colored acid eluvial (A2) horizons. According to some basic properties of the soil solid phase (the acidity, the total chemical composition, and the clay pattern in the eluvial part), the gleyed solods are close or identical to the gleyed soddy-podzolic and gleyed chernozem-like podzolic soils. At the same time, the solods differ from the gleyed chernozem-like podzolic soils by their thicker A1 (or Ap) horizon and their higher humus content (5–7%).     

优化书库环境加强图书保护

通过分析损害图书的各种自然因素,阐明优化书库环境、加强图书保护的重要性。     

陶寺古城形成与选址的环境与文化背景研究

临汾地区的陶寺遗址是黄河中游地区发现的夏代之前的都邑性古城。通过对临汾地区和陶寺遗址区域自然环境条件的研究和分析,结合区域考古学文化的发展,探讨了陶寺古城的形成原因以及选址影响因素。研究表明:全新世中期至陶寺文化时期,临汾盆地由于较为暖湿的气候条件、良好的土地资源和水资源条件,区域内的新石器文化获得了持续发展。仰韶文化中晚期,我国中原地区及北方地区的新石器文化均获得了快速发展。临汾地区不仅处于这一文化发达区域的中心位置,而且地处我国中原核心地区同北方和东北地区文化交流的重要通道上,同时也是我国东西向文化交流的通道之一,由于这种优越的地理位置,临汾地区的区域文化优势地位逐渐显露出来。相当于龙山文化晚期的陶寺文化时期,相较其他中原核心地区,临汾地区受水患影响较小,区域文化的强势地位进一步凸显,因而成为都邑性古城兴起之地。陶寺文化时期,古城所在的黄土台地冲沟尚未下切,南河和宋村沟均为宽浅的沟谷型河流,高于平原地面的黄土台地既有利于设防又能有效规避水患,在塔儿山上游地区拥有较大汇水面积的南河和宋村沟又可以提供丰富稳定的水源,因而是营建古城的理想场所。     

水氮耦合对苹果光合特性和果实品质的影响

通过不同灌水量和施氮处理,研究水氮耦合对红富士苹果光合特性及品质的影响。结果表明:红富士苹果的光合特性在不同水肥组合下的变化不同,其光合作用存在明显的“午休”现象。中水高肥和高水高肥的肥水组合对光合速率的保持有一定的作用。低水中肥的肥水组合的蒸腾速率最低,保水效果最好。中度水分供应条件下,施用较多的氮肥可以提高气孔导度利于光合的进行。肥水管理以灌溉量5250m³/hm²、氮肥施用量600kg/hm²方案能获得较高的品质效益。     

Glyphosate and the response of the soil microbiota

Limited information on the effect of glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) on soil microorganisms justified an inquiry into the response of soil actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi in terms of their respiration, and sensitivity of isolates. Low concentrations of glyphosate had little effect on total populations of these organisms during the 214-day experiment, while high concentrations initially increased actinomycete and bacterial numbers by 2 and 1$\text{case1}\text{2}$ logs, respectively. The stimulation was followed by a decline and fluctuation showing a gradual increase in numbers. The respiration rates of the soil microbiota in soil suspensions, showed some irregular stimulation and retardation with up to 10 μg glyphosate ml^?1. In contrast high doses suppressed O₂ uptake by the microbiota. Fungi were the least affected. Pronounced inhibition of actinomycete and bacterial respiration was in agreement with the results from isolate replication. The results indicated both stimulation and inhibition of O₂ uptake by some organisms within these groups. In contrast to some reports of limited, short-term inquiries these results showed considerable effects of glyphosate on soil microorganisms.