Immune specific induction of interferon production in cultures of human blood lymphocytes

Human blood lymphocytes stimulated with nonviral antigens in vitro produce an antiviral substance with the biological and biochemical characteristics of interferon. The induced response was specific for cells obtained from immune donors. Cells from nonimmune donors did not produce interferon on exposure to these substances. The quantity of interferon produced by antigen stimulation was related to concentration of antigen over a relatively narrow range; with higher concentrations induction was decreased. Interferon production was maximum during days 4 to 7 in culture. In contrast, phytohemagglutinin-induced interferon was primarily produced during the first 4 days in culture.     

CIRCULATING SMALL LYMPHOCYTES: IMMUNOLOGICALLY COMPETENT CELLS WITH LIMITED REACTIVITES

Highly purified small lymphocytes from peripheral blood are capable of producing acute transplantation disease. However, such lymphocytes do not transfer from sensitized to normal mice the capacity to produce antibody to bovine serum albumin under conditions where mixed populations of lymphoid cells from the sensitized donors are effective.     

Diffusible Cytotoxic Substances and Cell-Mediated Resistance to Syngeneic Tumors: In vitro Demonstration

The interaction between target cells (mouse sarcoma cells) and syngeneic immunocytes (peritoneal cells) in close proximity but without direct contact was studied. The two cell types were separated by Millipore membranes, which allow diffusion of substances of large molecular size, in an assembly which permits cultivation of target cells on one side of the membrane and immunocytes on the other side. When brought into proximity in this manner for 48 to 72 hours, immunocytes from donors which had been immunized against syngeneic tumors caused destruction of the target cells. Since serum from immunized donors had no effect, it appears that the immunocytes produced a diffusible cytotoxic substance (or substances) which may be different from typical antibody.     

Crash development of AIDS test nears goal

Impending development of a blood test for AIDS has paved the way for an epidemiological study by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Blood samples from 200,000 presumably healthy donors will soon be drawn and stored, to be screened when the test becomes available. Donors and recipients of blood which tests AIDS-positive will then be followed to see if AIDS develops. The study raises ethical issues in the areas of obtaining informed consent from donors and notifying donors and recipients of test results. The plan now is to obtain consent from donors and notify them of positive test results, and to decide later about notifying recipients.     

Seroprevalence and epidemiological correlates of HTLV-I infection in U.S. blood donors

Screening for human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibodies was performed on sera from 39,898 blood donors at eight blood centers in geographically distinct areas of the United States. Ten donors (0.025 percent) showed evidence of HTLV-I seropositivity by enzyme immunoassays; this was confirmed by protein immunoblot and radioimmunoprecipitation. Seroprevalence rates ranged from 0 to 0.10 percent at the locations sampled, with HTLV-I antibodies found predominantly in donors from the southeastern and southwestern United States. Matched case-control interviews and laboratory studies were performed on five seropositive women and two seropositive men who participated in an identity-linked collection of sera from a subset of 33,893 donors at six of the eight blood centers. Four of the women and both men are black; one woman is Caucasian. Four of the seven seropositive individuals admitted to prior intravenous drug abuse or sexual contact with an intravenous drug user. Sexual contact with native inhabitants of an HTLV-I endemic area was the only identified risk factor for one male. The distribution of HTLV-I antibodies in this U.S. blood donor sample corroborates the previously reported epidemiology of this agent and suggests that additional donor screening measures, including the testing of donated blood for HTLV-I markers, may be necessary to prevent the spread of HTLV-I to transfusion recipients.     

湛江地区无偿献血人群HTLV-I感染状况的调查研究

目的 了解湛江地区无偿献血员中HTLV—I感染情况。方法采用ELISA法检测7630名湛江地区无偿献血者血清中HTLV抗体，其中1896名为外地人群，5734名为本地人群。阳性者进行双孔复检，仍阳性者采用PCR法进行确证及系统发生树分析。结果ELISA法检测1896名外地人群HTLV-I抗体阴性；5734名本地无偿献血者中发现1例HTLV-I感染，PCR确证仍为阳性，阳性率为0．17‰。获得1株同属世界群世界人种亚型的HTLV-I毒株的部分核酸序列。结论建议在本地区无偿献血员中开展HTLV-I常规筛查。     

波尔山羊活体采卵与卵母细胞体外受精技术

对10只不孕不育波尔母山羊采用超数排卵、活体采卵、卵母细胞体外成熟培养以及体外受精等技术方法,探讨其是否能正常繁育后代。试验中6只供体经超数排卵处理,在发情前利用特制的采卵装置进行活体采卵,共采集到30枚形态学正常的卵母细胞。经过体外成熟培养,有21枚成熟卵母细胞进行了体外受精处理和培养,获得16枚2 细胞胚胎,移植到4只同期发情的当地山羊受体输卵管内,经妊娠检验,有两只受体受孕,其中1只受体产出正常羔羊2只。该技术经进一步改进完善后可望作为不孕不育波尔山羊繁殖后代的辅助生育技术。     

微核试验检测5-氟尿嘧啶对小鼠外周血及骨髓细胞的影响

目的探讨抗肿瘤药物5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)对小鼠外周血及骨髓细胞的影响。方法 80只小鼠随机分为8组,其中4组用于小鼠外周血细胞实验,另4组用于骨髓细胞微核实验;分别为对照组、1/30给药组、1/10给药组和1/3给药组,对照组注射生理盐水0.5mL,其余各组2次腹腔注射不同剂量5-Fu,微核试验观察小鼠外周血和骨髓细胞中微核形成。结果第1次给药后,各组外周血和骨髓细胞中微核率均高于对照组(P<0.01)。第2次给药较第1次给药的微核率明显升高,差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 5-Fu能引起小鼠外周血及骨髓细胞染色体损伤。     

性控冻精在肉羊胚胎移植中应用效果的研究

为进一步研究肉羊性控精液在胚胎生产上的应用,以萨福克、无角陶赛特纯种肉用绵羊为供体,本地小尾寒羊杂交后代和湖羊为受体,利用子宫角深部输精及一般人工授精等辅助生殖技术使用性控冻精与普通鲜精对两品种肉羊进行人工授精,统计不同品种肉羊的受胎率和可用胚数,对获得的性控胚胎和普通胚胎进行移植,并对比其移植效果。结果表明:萨福克肉羊和无角陶赛特肉羊超排后黄体数差异不明显(P>0.05);普通精液输精所获得的胚胎数极显著高于性控冻精(P<0.01);在受胎率上也做了比较,但差异不显著,受胎率43.2%。由于精液在通过流式细胞仪时,对精子顶体造成一定损伤,因此,无论是子宫角输精或阴道子宫颈输精均影响受精率,但性控精液的推广应用确实可以加速家畜遗传育种速度,缩短育种周期。鉴于此,今后对性控精液的研究重点应该放在精液分离过程中对精子的保护,以减少对精子的损伤。     

Photic responses in hyperkinesis of childhood

Intravenous injections of drugs that stimulate the central nervous system decreased photic driving responses and photoinyoclonic responses in hyperkinetic children. Neither injections of saline in these children nor injections of stimulant drugs in normal subjects produced such diminution. The neurophysiological implications are discussed.     

Sensory and motor functions of spinal cord substance P

Low doses of D-Pro2-D-Phe7-D-Trp9-substance P, as specific substance P antagonist, depressed the scratching and biting behaviors elicited by intrathecal injections of substance P, and cutaneous application of algesic substances. Higher antagonist doses caused hindlimb paralysis. This suggests that substance P is a neurotransmitter for primary nociceptor afferents and may also have an important function in motor control.     

抗梨干腐烂菌物质筛选

以梨干腐烂菌(Valsa ambiens)为研究对象,采用纸片法对120种植物材料进行抗菌作用筛选,结果发现苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)、广玉兰(Magnolia grandiflora Linn.)、八角茴香(Lilicium verum Hook.f.)具有抗菌活性.系统溶剂提取法试验证实抗梨干腐烂菌的物质有水溶性苷类、生物碱、反式茴香醚、酚类物质或有机酸等.苍耳抗菌物质干扰梨干腐烂菌的正常发育过程,广玉兰能干扰梨干腐烂菌的色素合成,八角茴香挥发油对梨干腐烂菌菌丝生长有很强的抑制作用.     

Reticular stimulation and chlorpromazine: an animal model for schizophrenic overarousal

It has been postulated that certain schizophrenic patients are in a state of continual central excitation and that improvement in these patients after treatment with chlorpromazine is a result of the action of the drug in reducing this excitation. A model was developed to test this postulated state of central excitation. Rats were electrically stimulated in the mesencephalic reticular formation while performing a simple attention task. Stimulation or treatment with chlorpromazine impaired the performance of the animals; however, the two treatments together resulted in performance indistinguishable from that seen after injections of saline alone.     

Prevention of allogeneic bone marrow graft rejection by H-2 transgene in donor mice

Rejection of bone marrow grafts in irradiated mice is mediated by natural killer (NK) cells and is controlled by genes linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). It has, however, not been possible to identify the genes or their products. An MHC class I (Dd) transgene introduced in C57BL donors prevented the rejection of their bone marrow by NK cells in irradiated allogeneic and F1 hybrid mice expressing the Dd gene. Conversely, H-2Dd transgenic C57BL recipients acquired the ability to reject bone marrow from C57BL donors but not from H-2Dd transgenic C57BL donors. These results provide formal evidence that NK cells are part of a system capable of rejecting cells because they lack normal genes of the host type, in contrast to T cells, which recognize cells that contain abnormal or novel sequences of non-host type.     

Studies on Immunological Effect and Immunological Mechanism Avian Encephalomyelitis Oil Emulsion Inactivated Vaccine

Oil emulsion inactivated vaccine was prepared by susceptible embryos, with different strains of AEV. Four groups of normal chickens of 2 - 7 days of age were given injections for immunization, respectively. Another group was used as control. This study was expected to evaluate the immunological effect and discuss the immunological mechanism by means of five different experiments, i.e. the agar-gel precipitin test,the isolation of lymphokine, the isolation, purification and analysis of blood serum IgG, embryo-susceptibility test, and clinical and pathological examination. The results of these experiments indicated that oil emulsion inactivated vaccine is safe and effective. The chickens were normal when inoculated with AE strong virus after immunity at 4 and 37 weeks. Immunological mechanism is that the humoral immunity played an important role and celluar immunity exists, but it is not important in the process of the resistance to AEV.     

D1 dopamine receptors in prefrontal cortex: involvement in working memory

The prefrontal cortex is involved in the cognitive process of working memory. Local injections of SCH23390 and SCH39166, selective antagonists of the D1 dopamine receptor, into the prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkeys induced errors and increased latency in performance on an oculomotor task that required memory-guided saccades. The deficit was dose-dependent and sensitive to the duration of the delay period. These D1 antagonists had no effect on performance in a control task requiring visually guided saccades, indicating that sensory and motor functions were unaltered. Thus, D1 dopamine receptors play a selective role in the mnemonic, predictive functions of the primate prefrontal cortex.     

Long-term cultures of HTLV-III--infected T cells: a model of cytopathology of T-cell depletion in AIDS

Long-term cultures were established of HTLV-III-infected T4 cells from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and of T4 cells from normal donors after infection of the cells in vitro. By initially reducing the number of cells per milliliter of culture medium it was possible to grow the infected cells for 50 to 60 days. As with uninfected T cells, immunologic activation of the HTLV-III-infected cells with phytohemagglutinin led to patterns of gene expression typical of T-cell differentiation, such as production of interleukin-2 and expression of interleukin-2 receptors, but in the infected cells immunologic activation also led to expression of HTLV-III, which was followed by cell death. The results revealed a cytopathogenic mechanism that may account for T4 cell depletion in AIDS patients and suggest how repeated antigenic stimulation by infectious agents, such as malaria in Africa, or by allogeneic blood or semen, may be important determinants of the latency period in AIDS.     

Carboxyhemoglobin concentrations in blood from donors in Chicago, Milwaukee, New York, and Los Angeles

To determine the carbon monoxide exposure experienced by the residents of Chicago, Los Angeles, Milwaukee, and New York, venous blood samples were obtained from adults at arbitrarily chosen blood bank collection sites in the four cities and analyzed for circulating carbon monoxide, carboxyhemoglobin. For comparative purposes, blood was obtained from volunteers breathing carbon monoxide-free air and was found to contain 0.45 percent carboxyhemoglobin. By contrast a high percentage of all the nonsmoking blood donors breathing city air had carboxyhemoglobin saturations greater than 1.5 percent, which indicated that exposure to carbon monoxide in excess of that permitted by the quality standards of the Clean Air Act of 1971 was widespread and occurring regularly.     

小鼠母体糖尿病(DM)对胚胎早期发育的影响

通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立小鼠糖尿病模型后,运用体外受精技术研究母体高血糖对早期胚胎发育的影响。选取6～8周龄ICR母鼠2次腹腔注射小剂量STZ构建小鼠糖尿病模型,并设实验对照组。成功造模后对实验小鼠眼底静脉丛采血并测定14项血生化指标。通过孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)配合人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)对实验母鼠进行超数排卵,所得卵子与正常ICR公鼠的精子体外受精并培养24h后,观察胚胎的发育情况并进行比较。结果表明实验组小鼠的空腹血糖明显升高(P<0.001),空腹血糖值≥9.5mmol/L的小鼠比例为76.6%。14项血生化指标中,实验组的谷丙转氨酶、肌酐、低密度脂蛋白、胆碱酯酶和糖化血红蛋白均较对照组显著升高(P<0.01)。高血糖模型小鼠卵子与正常精子体外受精后的受精率较正常小鼠低,且有血糖越高比例越低的趋势,说明体外受精技术虽可以改善糖尿病母鼠胚胎的受精率,但母体高血糖仍影响早期胚胎的发育。     

Activity and responsivity in rats after magnesium pemoline injections

Rats injected intraperitoneally with magnesium pemoline avoided a buzzing sound (conditioned stimulus) associated with an electric shock to the feet (unconditioned stimulus) more frequently than controls. Drug-injected rats did not avoid the foot shock more frequently than controls, although the experi mental rats did have shorter response latencies fn the active avoidance task. In sub sequent experiments which measured activity changes and response to the buzzing sound alone, it was found that magnesium pemoline caused a lesser decrease in activity level and a more sustained responsivity to the buzzer's. sound than did control injections of tragacanth. This may account for the latency differences observed in the avoidance task.