Herpesvirus hominis: isolation from human trigeminal ganglion

Herpesvirus hominis was isolated from the trigeminal ganglion obtained at autopsy from 1 of 22 patients with no clinical evidence of active herpetic disease, and from one patient with malignant lymphoma who died with herpes zoster on the abdomen, pulmonary cytomegalic inclusion disease, and possible oral herpes simplex. Virus was isolated by cocultivation of explants of ganglion with monolayers of Vero green monkey kidney cells and required 3 weeks of culture before viral cytopathic effects were evident. These observations support the concept that latent infection of sensory ganglia may be the source of virus in recurrent herpetic disease in man.     

Isoantigenic variants: isolation from human diploid cells in culture

Variant human fibroblast substrains, resistant to a cytotoxic human isoantiserum, were isolated from sensitive strains by repeated exposure to isoantiserum and rabbit complement. The resistant phenotype was stable, apparently occurred at low frequency, and was associated with loss of surface isoantigens.     

Pheromones: isolation of male sex attractants from a female primate

Fractionation of vaginal secretions from rhesus monkeys by partitioning and chromatographic procedures, combined with behavioral studies, demonstrates that short-chain aliphatic acids are responsible for stimulating the sexual behavior of males. Injection of estradiol into ovariectomized females increases the concentration of volatile acids in secretions which will then sexually stimulate these male primates.     

Iron-manganese nodules from nares abyssal plain: geochemistry and mineralogy

Three nodules from a core taken north of Puerto Rico are composed chiefly of an x-ray amorphous, hydrated, iron-manganese oxide, with secondary goethite, and minor detrital silicates incorporated during growth of the nodules. No primary manganese mineral is apparent. The nodules are enriched in iron and depleted in manganese relative to Atlantic Ocean averages. The formation of these nodules appears to have been contemporary with sedimentation and related to volcanic activity.     

Axons: isolation from mammalian central nervous system

Centrifugation of a homogenate of white matter, in a solution of buffered sucrose containing salt, produces a floating layer of myelinated axons. When these are suspended in hypotonic buffer, the mnyelin swells and strips away from the axon. Axons are then separated from the myelin by centrifugation. The resulting preparation consists of a variable population of processes with lengths up to 200 micrometers and diameters between 0.3 and 5.0 micrometers. The axons contain neurofilaments and mitochondria, although no axolemma or neurotubules are evident. The preparation contains cerebroside and sulfatide, yet is essentially free of myelin.     

Glycoproteins: isolation from cellmembranes with lithium diiodosalicylate

A glycoprotein has been extracted in water-soluble form from human red cell membranes with lithium diiodosalicylate. After extraction of the membranes and phosphocellulose chromatography a homogeneous preparation is obtained which was 60 percent carbohydrate and 40 percent protein (by weight). The preparation contains AB and MN blood group antigens, receptors for influenza virus, and various phytohemagglutinins.     

Magnetic particles extracted from manganese nodules: suggested origin from stony and iron meteorites

On the basis of x-ray diffraction and electron microprobe data, spherical and ellipsoidal particles extracted from manganese nodules were divided into three groups. Group 1 particles are believed to be derived from iron meteorites, and Group 11 particles from stony meteorites. Group III particles are believed to be volcanic in origin.     

Heterogeneity of normal human diploid fibroblasts: isolation and characterization of one phenotype

Cultures of human diploid fibroblasts contain cells that respond to exposure to the first component of complement (C1) by initiating DNA synthesis and growth. The plasma membranes of these cells have specific binding sites for the C1q subcomponent of C1. A fluorescence-activated cell sorter was used to isolate a subset of cells with a high affinity for C1q, and the growth and synthesis activities of these high-affinity cells were studied after numerous replications in vitro. These cells synthesize DNA and grow faster than the parent cultures and low-affinity cells, and they produce two to three times as much protein. About 40 percent of their total protein synthesis activity is directed to collagen production, unusually high proportions of collagen types III and V being produced. These properties and the high affinity of the cells for C1q are retained for at least six cell transfers. This phenotype has the properties expected of fibroblasts in healing wounds and inflamed tissues.     

Fast-growing rhizobia isolated from root nodules of soybean

Fast-growing rhizobia have been isolated from soybean root nodules collected in China. These new isolates are physiologically distinct from slow-growing soybean rhizobia. They formed effective nitrogen-fixing associations with wild soybean and an unbred soybean cultivar from China, but were largely ineffective as nitrogen-fixing symbionts with common commercial cultivars of soybeans.     

Identification and isolation of a variant surface glycoprotein from Trypanosoma vivax

The protozoan Trypanosoma vivax is one of the most important agents of African trypanosomiasis, a disease that hinders the productive use of livestock in one-third of the African continent. Trypanosoma vivax is also present in the Caribbean and in South America, posing a threat to the livestock industries of the tropical and subtropical world. Much less is known of the biology of this trypanosome than of the better studied T. brucei and T. congolense. One of the variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs) of a West African stock of T. vivax was identified, purified, and partially characterized by the use of a combination of highly resolving techniques to maximize information from the relatively small amount of parasite material available. The molecular weight of the isolated protein (46,000) is smaller than that of VSGs from other species. As with T. brucei VSGs the protein from T. vivax is complexed with sugars and incorporates 3H when living trypanosomes are incubated with [3H]myristic acid, but the T. vivax molecule is more hydrophobic than the T. brucei molecule. The small size of the T. vivax VSG may have a bearing on the functional and evolutionary relationships of variant antigens in trypanosomes.     

Manganese nodules: their evolution

That manganese nodules and adjacent deep-sea sediments are accumulating manganese at almost the same rate has been established by thorium-230 dating of both sediments and nodules of known manganese content. The rate of manganese deposition is nearly constant over the world oceans. A relatively simple model of nodule evolution explains the distribution of manganese nodules between sediment column and sediment-water interface; the model appears to apply to other trace elements such as copper, nickel, and cobalt.     

Virus of the California encephalitis complex: isolation from Culiseta inornata

A virus of the California encephalitis complex was isolated from two pools of the mosquito Culiseta inornata, collected in mammalian burrows of Alberta during the summer of 1965. This is the first recorded isolation of California encephalitis virus from mosquitoes in Canada.     

Lactoperoxidase: identification and isolation from Harderian and lacrimal glands

Investigation of bovine lacrimal and harderian glands revealed the presence of the enzyme lactoperoxidase, which was isolated and purified. A nonheme, iron-containing protein was identified at the same time. Both proteins are present in milk, mammary glands, and salivary glands. Their roles are discussed: The lactoperoxidase may be important in controlling bacterial flora.     

Sweet-sensitive protein from bovine taste buds: isolation and assay

Using refractometry and ultraviolet-difference spectroscopy to indicate interaction between proteins and coinpounds of low molecular weight, we found a protein fraction in bovine tongue extracts that coinplexes sugars and saccharin. The strengths of the coinzplexes parallel the degrees of sweetness of the compounds, and the effects of pH upon formation of complexes parallel the effects of pH upon sensitivity of taste buds to sweet compounds in vivo.     

Polypeptide with broad biological activity: isolation from small intestine

A polypeptide, which has potent and diverse biological action-including systemic vasodilation, hypotension, increased cardiac output, respiratory stimulation, and hyperglycemia-was isolated from the small intestine of the hog. The peptide has 28 amino acid residues and is chemically distinct from the kinins, "substance P," glucagon, and secretin.     

Myxovirus-like structures in a case of human chronic polymyositis

Intranuclear and intracytoplasmic aggregates of filaments with tubular structures and transverse striations occurred in muscle tissues biopsied from a patient with chronic polymyositis. The filamentous tubules bear a close resemblance to the incomplete form of myxovirus in which the envelope is missing. Three biopsies from the same patient, taken during a period of 1(1/2) years, all revealed these structures. This finding provides presumptive evidence that a chronic persistent viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic polymyositis.     

Plasma membranes: isolation from naturally fused and lysolecithin-treated muscle cells

A medium containing bicarbonate and calcium was used to isolate plasma membranes of cultured muscle cells. Membranes from differentiated myotubes, as well as the labile, largely unfused, lysolecithin-treated cells from the same culture could be isolated by identical manipulations. Adenylate cyclase of high specific activity was assayed in plasma membranes from both types of cells. Lysolecithin treatment apparently interferes with the metabolism and turnover of membrane phospholipids and thus prevents the natural fusion of muscle cells.     

Toxicity of a furanocoumarin to armyworms: a case of biosynthetic escape from insect herbivores

When the linear furanocoumarin xanthotoxin, found in many plants of the families Rutaceae and Umbelliferae, was administered to larvae of Spodoptera eridania, a generalist insect herbivore, it displayed toxic properties lacking in its biosynthetic precursor umbelliferone. Reduced toxicity observed in the absence of ultraviolet light is consistent with the known mechanism of photoinactivation of DNA by furanocoumarins through ultraviolet-catalyzed cross-linkage of strands. Thus, the ability of a plant to convert umbelliferone to linear furanocoumarins appears to confer broader protection against insect herbivores.     

寒地耐冷生防菌株筛选鉴定及特性研究

试验分离鉴定黑龙江省鹤岗地区玉米根围冻土中生防菌株wswshg~(-1)0,并检测其低温生长特性、分泌活性物质能力、拮抗病原菌活性及催芽促生特性。综合形态和理化特性、16S r DNA和gyr B基因序列分析将其鉴定为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌Bacillus me thylotrophicus。该菌株在4~15℃低温及20~30℃常温范围内可正常生长,是一株耐冷生防菌株,分泌几丁质酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶、嗜铁素、吲哚乙酸、抗菌蛋白等多种活性物质,抑制烟草角斑病菌、玉米茎基腐病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌、大豆菌核病菌、水稻恶苗和稻曲病菌、番茄灰霉病菌以及刺五加根腐病菌生长,抑制率74.3%~89.2%。菌液处理玉米种子能促进种子萌发及幼苗生长,根长和茎长显著增加。该菌株具有低温生长、抗菌促生特性,为低温菌剂研发提供菌株资源。     

河岸林土壤好氧反硝化菌的分离及活性初探

[目的]好氧反硝化菌可在有氧条件下,将硝酸盐还原,释放N2O,减少富氮对土壤的危害。本研究旨在探明河岸林土壤中是否存有好氧反硝化菌。[方法]以文峪河上游毗邻农田河岸林土壤为材料,采用土壤稀释、涂布划线、滴加格利斯及二苯胺试剂显色等方法分离筛选菌株,采用16SrDNA基因序列同源性分析鉴定;在灭菌土壤中接种筛选所得菌株培养,并测定硝态氮、铵态氮、亚硝态氮含量变化来分析其活性。[结果]获得3株反硝化菌(编号:df3、df7、df14),鉴定命名为Psueadomonas sp.DF3,Alicaligenes sp.DF7,Klebsiellasp.DF14。活性分析显示:接种3株菌土壤硝态氮明显减少,且接种df3和df7土壤中具亚硝态氮。[结论]样品土壤中存在好氧反硝化活性菌株,具有重要科学研究意义。