THE RBSEARCH OF MATERIAL PROPERIES AND FILTRATION WATER LOSS OF CORDIERITE-MULLITE MEDIUM

This paper introduces conclusively the materlal properties,the model comparisontest , the produtive comparison test,and the formula of clean filter bed of cordierite-mullite medium.Almost all the parameters of cordierite-mulli te medium are better than those of sand medium.     

Influence of Water Stress on Grain Yield and Vegetative Growth of Two Cultivars of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Lack of water during vegetative and/or reproductive growth stages is one of the most limiting factors for bean growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water stress applied during two phenological stages (flowering and pod filling) on growth, yield and yield components. Two genotypes of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were used in this study, cv. Carioca, an indeterminate Brazilian landrace, and cv. Prince, a determinate cultivar grown in Europe. Carioca appears to be generally stress-tolerant while Prince is intolerant. Plants were grown in large plastic pots covered with a black plastic sheet to protect the soil from rain and evaporation. The water stress treatments were: control (well-watered plants), WSFS (water stress during flowering stage) and WSPFS (water stress during pod-filling stage). Water stress reduced yield and yield components at both flowering and pod-filling stages. The parameters affected were seed weight, number of seeds per plant and number of pods per plant. Number of seeds per pod and seed weight were not affected. No effects of water stress were detected on harvest index. Time to maturity was slightly prolonged, especially for WSFS. Water stress at both stages resulted in lower accumulated water loss compared to the control plants. Water stress during both phenological stages reduced other growth parameters, the number of trifoliate leaves, stem height, number of main branches and number of nodes on the main stem.     

鸡胸肉蒸煮失水率影响的研究

研究几种盐对鸡胸肉蒸煮失水率的影响,在此基础上进行了正交实验,影响鸡胸肉蒸煮失水率的显著因素为柠檬酸钠和三聚磷酸钠。验证实验表明,最佳复合配比可使鸡胸肉的蒸煮失水率比对照降低20%。     

玉米与草地雀麦种植对坡地水土流失的影响

试验在自然降雨条件下,在15°坡地设置作物与牧草径流试验小区,以裸地为对照,在每次降雨之后用全深剖面采样器取样,测量其径流量和土壤侵蚀量,定期测定玉米和草地雀麦的生物学特性,研究玉米与草地雀麦生物学特性变化及其坡地水土流失防治效果的差异,探索植物种植对坡地水土流失的主要影响因素,结果表明:种植玉米与草地雀麦,对坡地水土流失均有一定防治作用,但是,与玉米相比,草地雀麦的叶面积指数和覆盖度可在雨季前达到较高水平,有利于早期坡地水土流失防治。同时,草地雀麦0~10 cm土层根系发达,地下生物量是玉米的2.88倍,可以显著提高自然降水的土壤入渗率,减少地表径流,使坡地年径流量与土壤侵蚀模数减少98.2%和99.9%,保水、固土能力是玉米种植的5.2倍和1.5倍,水土流失防治效果显著。     

魔芋粉的保水性能评价及应用研究

确定了评价魔芋粉保水性能的实验方法。实验测定了体现魔芋粉作为食品添加剂的保水性能的水溶液黏度、滤失量;盐水溶液黏度、滤失量及水凝胶的形成和保水性能参数。实验数据表明,魔芋粉具有很好的增黏、抗盐和降低滤失性能,保水效果突出,能用于开发凝胶食品、酱菜食品、液体食品和面食,可赋予它们特殊功能。     

莴笋渗透脱水的试验研究

以莴笋为试验对象,在不同的渗透脱水条件下,对物料失水率和固形物增加率进行考察,探索莴笋的渗透脱水规律。通过试验研究发现,在蔗糖和食盐的组合渗透液中,高浓度的蔗糖能有效提高物料的失水率,并阻碍溶质的渗入;而提高温度可以加快传质速度,却不一定能提高物料的失水率;正交试验得到莴笋渗透脱水的较佳工艺条件为:温度30℃,固液比1∶10,渗透液为60%蔗糖+10%食盐浓度的组合渗透液。     

坡地土壤酶流失规律初探

采用人工室内降雨方法就河北内邱县岗底坡地褐土酶活性流失规律进行了初步探讨。结果表明:流失泥沙中单位土体酶活性随坡度增大而减小,除脲酶外流失泥沙均高于土壤中酶活性,有明显富集,呈现出高肥力土壤高流失,低肥力土壤低流失的基本规律;土壤酶流失总量与坡度呈指数变化关系,符合MC=atb预测模型;流失四种酶(过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶)之间呈显著正相关,水土流失引起酶总体的损失;土壤酶和养分流失之间呈现出一定的相关关系,土壤蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性可作为土壤侵蚀度的分级指标。     

Development of drought‐tolerant breeding lines derived from Helianthus annuus × H. argophyllus interspecific crosses

Helianthus argophyllus is a wild species known as “silver sunflower”, which possesses several traits, including morphological traits that increase drought tolerance. Therefore, introgressions between chosen cultivated lines and two H. argophyllus accessions were made, and segregating generations were established. Important agronomic traits including single heading, high pollen fertility, silver canopy (indicating more cuticular wax), and content of cuticular waxes and oil were selected over six segregating generations. The resulting F₆ lines showed introgression of water saving traits, as they had lower excise leaf water loss, with comparable yield to standard checks. However, these F₆ lines were late maturing and showed poor flowering synchronization between the cultivated and introgressed lines. Introgressed line “D‐22” was particularly promising as a breeding line, with superior agronomic and drought resistance traits. This line had the potential to be used as an inbred parental line for introgression of drought resistance traits into elite sunflower germplasm. Combining ability analysis of the introgressed lines further showed their potential for heterosis breeding or to be used as parental lines in breeding programme.     

牛肉加热过程中水分迁移规律研究

采用100℃隔水加热方式加热牛肉28 min,每隔7 min采集一次样品,利用LF-NMR技术初步探讨牛肉加热过程中水分迁移规律。结果表明:随着加热时间的延长,牛肉蒸煮损失呈现上升趋势,剪切力不断增大,核磁数据显示牛肉内部水分状态组成变化显著,T2弛豫时间逐渐变短,不易流动水T22占比逐渐减少,自由水T23占比逐渐增多,且随着加热时间的延长,不易流动水和自由水很难在T2弛豫谱上分开,峰宽变大趋势明显,核磁成像结果显示加热会降低牛肉内部的水分含量。相关性分析结果表明:T21与牛肉的蒸煮损失呈显著正相关,T22与牛肉的蒸煮损失、剪切力呈显著负相关,T22峰面积占比与T2b、牛肉的蒸煮损失、剪切力呈显著负相关。由此得出加热处理对牛肉内部的水分分布和质构特性产生显著影响,同时两者之间存在相关性。     

基于污染损失率法的工业废水污染评价

为准确地估算水污染带来的长期和潜在的经济损失,利用水污染损失率评价方法,对江西省工业废水环境价值损失率及其价值损失量进行计算。结果表明：2008—2011年江西省工业废水造成的水污染经济损失在逐年增加,而2012年污染经济损失率则下降,这表明政府在工业废水的环境治理和保护起到了积极的效果。2008—2012年江西省工业废水造成的水污染平均经济损失量为4.88亿元,占该省GDP的0.042%。     

温度和相对湿度对长茎葡萄蕨藻保鲜的影响

长茎葡萄蕨藻是一种重要的热带鲜食经济绿藻,保鲜是长茎葡萄蕨藻产业的重要环节。本文以失水率和外观品质为指标,研究了温度和相对湿度对长茎葡萄蕨藻保鲜的影响。结果表明,在25 ℃下贮藏长茎葡萄蕨藻,藻体的水分损失最小,外观品质较好,在20 ℃下贮藏长茎葡萄蕨藻,虽然藻体的水分损失较小,但外观品质较差,而在≤15 ℃或≥30 ℃下贮藏长茎葡萄蕨藻,水分损失较快,藻体完全皱缩,外观品质差。在相对湿度95%条件下贮藏长茎葡萄蕨藻,最有利于藻体水分保持,外观品质最好,而在相对湿度85%或75%条件下贮藏长茎葡萄蕨藻,水分损失大,外观品质较差。     

不同垦作方式水土流失研究

为了探明垦作方式与广西旱坡地水土流失的关系,为旱坡地水土流失治整理提供理论和技术依据,对等高垦作、非等高垦作2种不同垦作方式的土壤侵蚀和水土流失状况进行研究,探讨不同垦作方式对旱坡地水土流失的影响。结果表明：与非等高垦作相比,等高垦作具有明显减轻水土流失和土壤养分流失的作用。其中,水流失量减少了10.51%,土壤流失量减少了67.09%,土壤速效氮磷钾分别减少了67.34%、66.46%、66.73%,土壤有机质减少了68.13%。由此可见,等高垦作是旱坡地防止水土流失的有效方法。     

外源药剂处理对柠条苗木晾晒失水与栽植成活的影响

为减少苗木栽植前水分损失,提高栽植成活率,筛选适宜的药剂蘸根处理配方;采用不同复配药剂对柠条苗木进行蘸根处理后进行晾晒,测定不同晾晒时间后的苗木含水量、电阻值、根系电导率以及栽植成活率。结果表明:随着苗木晾晒时间的延长,苗木累计失水率增加,电阻值、根系电导率增大;采用外源药剂处理苗木,能够减少苗木在晾晒过程中的水分损失,提高栽植成活率;试验采用的几种药剂配方中,处理Ⅲ的效果最好。     

香菇渗透脱水工艺优化研究

以新鲜香菇为试材,在单因素试验的基础上,以新鲜香菇失水率和干香菇复水比为考察指标,通过正交试验优化干燥前食盐溶液渗透预处理工艺条件。结果表明,渗透处理最佳工艺条件为:渗透温度30℃,渗透液浓度10%,渗透时间90 min,在此工艺条件,新鲜香菇的失水率为13.9%,干香菇的复水比为4.8。     

不同冬小麦品种的离体叶片失水速率差异及对供水的反应

较低的离体叶片失水速率(RWL)与抗旱性有关已经得到很多研究者的认同.选取8个冬小麦品种为试材,设置干旱(0水)、节水(2水)和足水(4水)的水分条件,研究不同冬小麦品种对供水条件的反应和生育时期的RWL变化特征.结果表明:不同品种间的RWL差异不显著.RWL随着灌水次数的增加而增高.0水处理的衡7228 RWL最低,冀5579和石麦16也较低.2水处理的石麦16最低,石麦14和冀5579也较低.4水处理下,石新618 的RWL最低,石麦14和衡7228较低,综合3种灌水结果,石麦16、冀5579和石麦14抗旱节水性较好.RWL随着生育进程而变化,拔节期较低,逐渐增加,至抽穗期达到峰值,此后明显下降,直至成熟.前期控水对降低小麦离体叶片失水速率,提高抗旱节水性有利.     

中国南方喀斯特地区水土流失特殊性研究

近20年来,人们对中国南方喀斯特地区的研究日渐深入,在石漠化已成为研究热点的今天,笔者提出应当强调该地区水土流失的特殊性这一基本条件。以其特殊性为出发点,才能科学地认识该地区水土流失的本质和危害性。中国南方喀斯特地区特殊的水土流失是诸多因素造成,地质背景是特殊性产生的前提条件,气候背景是特殊性产生的重要原因,自然因素的特殊性是水土流失特殊性产生的直接原因,人文因素对水土流失的产生有巨大驱动作用。石漠化是这一地区特殊水土流失的结果。其特殊性的研究意义在于获得适用于该地区水土流失特点的评价标准、研究方法和防治手段,最终指导石漠化防治工作。     

冬小麦气孔与非气孔失水特性的基因型差异

以三年的冬小麦区域试验参试品系为材料，测定分析了离体叶片失水速率（ＲＷＬ），叶片蒸腾速率（ＴＲ）和叶片初始含水量（ＩＷＣ），结果表明，ＲＷＬ，ＴＲ和ＩＷＣ都存在显著的基因型差异。品系间排序在不同次测定中有波动，但呈基本稳定的趋势。不同试验区同一天ＲＷＬ的测定结果综合可比性较好；年度间ＲＷＬ测定结果稳定，ＲＷＬ和ＩＷＣ趋向正态分布。ＲＷＬ和ＴＲ无相关关系，ＲＷＬ和ＩＷＣ有微弱的正相关趋势，三个性状与     

干旱胁迫对小麦染色体代换系旗叶相对含水量和离体失水速率的影响

以中国春-Synthetic 6x小麦染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,对其旗叶相对含水量(RWC)、离体叶片失水速率(RWL)进行测定。结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,1A,2D和3D代换系叶片的相对含水量及其干旱/对照值显著或极显著高于中国春,3A,3B,4B,5B,6B,1D,2D和4D代换系叶片离体失水速率及其干旱/对照值显著或极显著低于中国春。由此表明,Synthetic 6x的1A,2D和3D染色体上可能存在干旱胁迫下调控相对含水量的基因,Synthetic 6x的3A,3B,4B,5B,6B,1D,2D和4D染色体上可能存在干旱胁迫下调控离体失水速率的基因。     

喀斯特石漠化过程中土壤颗粒组成的空间分异特征

对喀斯特高原区贵州省清镇市王家寨峰丛洼地同一流域内不同类型石漠化、不同等级石漠化以及不同干扰方式石漠化土壤颗粒组成变化及其空间分布特征进行了研究。结果表明：随着石漠化的发展,土壤物理性粘粒（粒径<0.01mm）含量逐渐增加,物理性砂粒（粒径＞0.01mm）含量逐渐减少,土壤向粘质化、紧密化发展。在不同等级石漠化中,土壤各粒级颗粒含量在中度与强度之间均无明显变化,而在轻度与强度之间除粗砂粒外均存在显著性差异（P≤0.05）,轻度-中度阶段为土壤颗粒组成变化最敏感时期。黑色石灰土中的物理性粘粒普遍低于黄壤,而物理性砂粒则普遍高于黄壤,且除粗砂粒外的各粒级颗粒含量在两类土壤中均存在极显著性差异（P≤0.01）。开垦和放牧较樵采和火烧更易使土壤中的小颗粒聚集,总体表现为开垦＞ 放牧＞樵采＞火烧。土壤颗粒组成受土壤有机质的影响,并影响着土壤的其他结构性能。     

Inheritance of excised-leaf water loss and relative water content in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Little information is available on the genetics of excised leaf water loss and relative water content in wheat. An experiment conducted on the F₁ generation from a half-diallel set of crosses involving two drought tolerant, two moderately tolerant and two sensitive varieties was initiated to investigate the inheritance of excised-leaf water loss and relative water content. This experiment was conducted under glass-house and field conditions at tillering and anthesis stages of plant development. Additive gene action, in general, played a major role in determining the inheritance of these traits. General combining ability (GCA) was the main source of genetic variation among crosses, while specific combining ability (SCA) was negligible. Strong phenotypic correlations existed between per se performance and GCA effects in the majority of cases. Heterosis was unimportant. Genotype-environmental interactions and/or differential gene expression appeared to account for different results found between environments and growth stages, respectively. Selection for relative water content appeared to be more effective at anthesis, while for excised-leaf water loss at both stages of plant growth. In addition to drought resistance, wide differences for morphological characters and relative positions of parental arrays revealed the possibility of obtaining desirable segregants for drought stress conditions from the cross Kharchia 65 × WH 147. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.