瘤胃尼龙袋法测定常用饲料过瘤胃淀粉量及淀粉瘤胃降解率

以9头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羯羊为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法对玉米淀粉、玉米、麸皮、豆粕、麻粕、棉籽粕、苜蓿干草、羊草、肋麦野豌豆、玉米秸等10种常用饲料的过瘤胃淀粉量及淀粉瘤胃降解率进行了比较研究。结果表明,各种饲料的过瘤胃淀粉量(g/kg)依次为417.85、404.84、226.31、62.04、110.56、108.61、73.50、50.87、47.55、24.43;其淀粉瘤胃降解率%依次为60.95、50.47、61.70、80.19、65.57、61.01、53.15、64.23、70.40、73.65。     

不同来源蛋白质饲料瘤胃降解特性研究

文章旨在研究豆粕、牡丹籽粕、棉籽粕、棕榈粕、啤酒糟、豆渣、味精渣、玉米酒精糟（DDGS）、芝麻饼粕和葵花饼共10种蛋白质饲料原料的瘤胃降解特性。试验选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的鲁西牛×利木赞杂交牛为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法测定10种蛋白质饲料的干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）瘤胃降解率。结果表明：味精渣DM有效降解率最高,芝麻饼粕最低,各原料间差异显著（P <0.05）;CP有效降解率为棉籽粕>牡丹籽粕>豆粕>味精渣>豆渣> DDGS>葵花粕>啤酒糟>棕榈粕>芝麻饼粕,各原料间显著差异（P <0.05）;味精渣、棉籽粕和豆粕的NDF有效降解率较高,棕榈粕、啤酒糟和芝麻饼粕较低,各原料间差异显著（P <0.05）;味精渣ADF有效降解率最高,其次为豆粕、棉籽粕和牡丹籽粕,均显著高于其他原料（P <0.05）。综上所述,不同来源蛋白质饲料具有不同的瘤胃降解特性,采用隶属函数进行综合营养评价,排序为味精渣>豆粕>棉籽粕> DDGS>牡丹籽粕>...     

瘤胃尼龙袋法测定10种饲料过瘤胃淀粉量和淀粉瘤胃降解率

以3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的利木赞×鲁西黄牛杂交阉牛为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法对大麦、麸皮、玉米、玉米DDGS、苹果粕、大豆皮、豆粕、苜蓿干草、青贮饲料、羊草等10种饲料原料中淀粉的瘤胃降解率和过瘸胃淀粉含量进行测定.结果表明,10种饲料的过瘤胃淀粉量依次为60.37、17.98、216.23、9.23、14.18、6.13、18.22、8.11、3.78 g/kg和2.77 g/kg;其淀粉瘤胃降解率依次为90.57%、92.32%、64.37%、78.95%、84.18%、86.30%、70.93%、66.43%、72.19%和65.08%.总之,大麦等能量饲料的过瘤胃淀粉含量较高,苜蓿等粗饲料的过瘤胃淀粉含量较低,副产品饲料和蛋白质饲料过瘤胃淀粉含量居中.     

常用谷物饲料在瘤胃内的淀粉降解率研究

选择6头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的浏阳去势黑山羊,研究大麦、大米、高粱、荞麦、小麦、小米、玉米等7种常用谷物饲料淀粉在羊瘤胃内的降解率规律。结果表明各种饲料淀粉有效降解率(%)依次为97.05、45.23、42.58、44.10、96.28、36.43和55.37。     

瘤胃尼龙袋法测定5种块根类饲料淀粉降解率

以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的去势浏阳黑山羊为试验动物,利用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定5种块根类反刍动物常用精饲料的淀粉瘤胃降解率。试验结果表明,随着样品在瘤胃里培养时间的增加,饲料的淀粉降解率随之表现出不同程度的增加。在本试验条件下,所测定块根类饲料淀粉有效降解率分别为:蕉藕59.01%,芋头56.10%、红薯54.86%、土豆37.99%、木薯25.31%,且红薯、蕉藕和芋头的有效降解率差异不显著(P>0.05),与木薯、土豆之间差异显著(P<0.05)。     

瘤胃尼龙袋法测定5种块根类饲料淀粉降解率

试验以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的去势浏阳黑山羊为试验动物,利用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定5种块根类反刍动物常用精饲料的淀粉瘤胃降解率.试验结果表明:随着样品在瘤胃里培养时间的增加,饲料的淀粉降解率随之表现出不同程度的增加.在试验条件下,所测定块根类饲料淀粉有效降解率为蕉藕59.01％、芋头56.10％、红薯54.86％、土豆37.99％和木薯25.31％,红薯、蕉藕和芋头三者间差异不显著,与木薯和土豆间差异显著.     

绵羊常用蛋白质饲料在瘤胃的降解特性

通过尼龙袋法测定了１０种常用蛋白质饲料在绵羊瘤胃内干物质和蛋白质降解率。结果表明：在所测的１０种饲料中，豆粕、花生饼和苜蓿草粉的干物质和蛋白质降解率最高；菜籽饼、棉籽饼、芝麻饼和胡麻饼居中；葵花饼、鱼粉和玉米蛋白粉的干物质和蛋白质降解率最低。饲料的蛋白质降解率（Ｙ）与其干物质降解率（Ｘ）表现出密切相关：Ｙ＝０．８１Ｘ＋１２．２５（ｒ＝０．８５，Ｐ〈０．０５）。根据饲料降解特性，对降解率高的饼粕类应     

饲料淀粉的过瘤胃技术

饲料淀粉在反刍动物的瘤胃中被瘤胃微生物降解为挥发性脂肪酸（VFA），其转化为体脂肪的效率较低。本文综述了加热、制粒、包被、氢氧化钠和甲醛处理等降低饲料淀粉瘤胃降解率的方法。     

不同饲料饲草营养物质瘤胃降解率研究

文中探讨了不同饲料饲草在山羊瘤胃的降解特性,旨在解决贵州省山羊饲料缺乏营养价值参数的问题。试验以2只安装瘤胃瘘管的山羊为试验动物,采用瘤胃尼龙袋法对蛋白饲料、能量饲料、豆科牧草、禾本科牧草、混合牧草的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、有机物(OM)的瘤胃降率进行了比较研究。结果表明:DM有效降解率(%)值依次为67.46、59.27、74.69、52.72、62.91;CP有效降解率(%)值依次为66.31、58.66、78.17、59.84、62.75;OM有效降解率(%)值依次为69.07、67.14、78.75、62.50、63.44。各类饲料的DM、CP、OM的瘤胃有效降解率之间差异显著(P<0.05)。由此可见,不同类型饲料的瘤胃降解特性是不同的,豆科牧草DM、CP、OM的有效降解率最高,营养价值最佳。     

不同精粗比全混合饲料在绵羊瘤胃内的降解动态

研究了在舍饲条件下绵羊利用精粗比例为6∶4,5∶5和4∶6的全混合饲料(TMR)的降解情况,并进行了对比分析.结果表明,不同精粗比例全混合饲料的干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)在绵羊瘤胃中8个时间点(2,4,8,12,24,36,48和72 h)有效降解率分别呈现不同的降解规律.从总体上看,TMR2和TMR1比较,其有效降解率分别是DM提高11.40%(P<0.01),OM提高8.48%(P<0.01),CP降低14.65%(P<0.01),NDF降低3.45%(P>0.05),ADF降低8.38%(P<0.01);TMR2和TMR3比较,其有效降解率分别是DM降低3.43%(P>0.05),OM降低9.29%(P<0.01),CP变化不显著(P>0.05),NDF提高8.34%(P<0.05),ADF提高1.30%(P>0.05);TMR1和TMR3比较,其有效降解率分别是DM降低15.37%(P<0.01),OM降低19.60%(P<0.01),CP提高13.27%(P<0.01),NDF提高12.08%(P<0.01),ADF提高9.80%(P<0.01).说明精粗比例各为50%时,既有利于粗料的利用,又能有效地利用精料达到育肥的目的.     

The effect of pelleting on in situ rumen degradability of compound feed containing brown rice for dairy cows

This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on in situ dry matter degradability of pelleted compound feed containing brown rice for dairy cows. Mash feed of the same composition was used as a control and the in situ study was conducted using three non‐lactating Holstein steers fitted with a rumen cannula. The feeds contained 32.3% brown rice, 19.4% rapeseed meal, 11.4% wheat bran and 10.6% soybean meal (fresh weight basis). Except for moisture content, the chemical composition of the feed was not affected by pelleting. In situ dry matter disappearance of the feed increased from 0 to 2 h and after 72 h of incubation with pellet processing. Integration of the dry matter disappearance values over time revealed that degradability parameter a (soluble fraction) increased with pellet processing, whereas parameter b (potentially degradable fraction) decreased. Parameter c (fractional rate of degradation) and effective degradability (5% passage rate) were not affected by pellet processing. We concluded that pellet processing promotes rumen degradability at early incubation hours when the pelleted feed contains brown rice.     

不同NDF与淀粉比例饲粮在奶牛瘤胃的降解特性

本研究旨在探讨不同中性洗涤纤维(NDF)与淀粉(Starch)比例饲粮在奶牛瘤胃的降解特性.选用青贮玉米(Zea mays)、燕麦(Avena sativa)干草和玉米籽粒调整饲粮中性洗涤纤维和淀粉比例,配制0.86(Ⅰ)、1.13(Ⅱ)、1.56(Ⅲ)和2.38(Ⅳ)4种全混合日粮,以体况良好、平均体重为(600±21) kg且安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的3头荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,通过尼龙袋法对4种饲粮的干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)瘤胃降解参数和有效降解率进行评定.饲料样品在瘤胃内的培养时间分别为2、4、8、16、24、36、48和72 h.结果表明,不同中性洗涤纤维与淀粉比例的日粮常规营养成分存在差异.4种日粮的DM、OM、CP、NDF和ADF瘤胃有效降解率之间存在差异,其高低顺序分别为Ⅰ组＞Ⅱ组＞Ⅲ组＞Ⅳ组、Ⅰ组＞Ⅱ组＞Ⅲ组＞Ⅳ组、Ⅱ组＞Ⅰ组＞Ⅳ组＞Ⅲ组、Ⅰ组＞Ⅱ组＞Ⅳ组＞Ⅲ组、Ⅰ组＞Ⅳ组＞Ⅲ组＞Ⅱ组.由此可见,从4组饲粮在奶牛瘤胃的消化特性来看,NDF与淀粉比例为0.86～1.13的营养价值较高,本研究结果为科学、合理地配制奶牛日粮从而有效利用饲料资源提供依据.     

Ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of individual amino acids in mixed diets with different crude protein levels measured by the modified in vitro three‐step and mobile nylon bag technique

The ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in three total mixed rations with different CP levels were estimated using the modified in vitro three‐step procedure (TSP) and mobile nylon bag (MNB) technique on growing lambs. The ruminal effective degradability of DM and CP did not respond with increasing dietary CP level. However, the intestinal digestibility of DM was significantly increased with increasing dietary CP level estimated by TSP (P < 0.05) or MNB method (P < 0.01). Intestinal digestibility coefficients of CP determined by TSP were lower than those of the MNB method. Histidine was extensively degraded by rumen micro‐organisms, while tyrosine was the most anti‐degradable AA among the samples. The ruminal AA degradability exhibited no significant differences except for threonine, tryptophan, alanine, aspartic acid and proline for the three diets. Similarly, only a few AAs (i.e. histidine, methionine, tryptophan, aspartic acid and cysteine in TSP; histidine, tryptophan, aspartic acid and serine in MNB) had significant differences in their intestinal digestibility; in addition, values of MNB were lower than that of the TSP method, indicating that intestinal digestibility of DM seems to be overestimated in TSP, while that of CP might be overestimated in the MNB method.     

体外产气法与尼龙袋法评定粗饲料干物质降解率的相关性分析

为寻求可在实验室条件下简单地评定饲料降解性能的方法,试验以玉米秸秆及不同尿素、石灰比例复合处理的玉米秸秆为发酵底物,对饲料体外产气量和尼龙袋瘤胃干物质降解率作了相关性分析。统计分析表明,体外产气量与体内干物质降解率呈高度正相关,相关系数分别为:对照组0.967、料A0.964、料B0.999和料C0.994。结果证明,在对饲料降解性能及潜在可降解能力作快速、定性判断时,体外产气法可以代替尼龙袋法。     

酒糟和醋糟营养成分差异及其瘤胃降解特性分析

本试验旨在评价酒糟、醋糟等非常规饲料资源的饲用价值,为酒糟醋糟资源应用于肉牛养殖提供数据参考.试验选用山西不同地区酒糟、醋糟试样5个,试样编号分别为白酒糟、啤酒糟、醋糟1、醋糟2、醋糟3,发酵原料分别为白酒糟(高粱)、啤酒糟(大麦+大米)、醋糟1(高粱+大麦)、醋糟2(大麦+玉米)、醋糟3(高粱+玉米).通过实验室常规...     

麦类籽实中植酸酶的活性及体外降解植酸盐效果的研究

为评价不同麦类籽实中内源植酸酶的活性及其对外源植酸盐的降解能力,以植酸钠为底物,测定5种10个不同品种麦类籽实中植酸酶的活性;在37℃、pH 5.50的条件下,以300 U/kg的浓度加入从麦类籽实中提取的植酸酶,检测了对玉米、豆粕中植酸磷的释放效果。结果表明,燕麦、大麦(垦啤2号)、小麦(东农123)、小麦(东农973821)、小黑麦(5305)、小黑麦(92021)、小黑麦(96026)、小黑麦(8809)、胜利黑麦和黑麦(2号)籽实中植酸酶的活性分别为57.50、143.25、1048.06、725.22、1978.67、2201.65、1713.46、1406.49、5310.89 U/kg和3446.53 U/kg(风干基础);在上述条件下,反应8h,玉米、豆粕中的植酸磷分别释放71.92%和38.94%。     

饲料原料蛋白质二级结构对奶牛瘤胃降解特性的影响

试验通过尼龙袋法研究豆粕、棉粕、菜粕、DDGS和玉米5种饲料在奶牛瘤胃内粗蛋白的降解特性,并通过傅里叶红外光谱法测定了5种饲料的蛋白质二级结构,研究主要饲料原料蛋白质二级结构对奶牛瘤胃降解特性的影响。结果表明:在5种饲料中,α螺旋最高的为豆粕30.52%,最低的为DDGS 18.77%。β折叠最高的为玉米35.89%,最低的为棉粕28.36%。饲料蛋白质二级结构α螺旋与β折叠比值与有效降解率呈显著强度正相关(r=0.952 8,P=0.012 2),与蛋白质慢速降解组分呈强度正相关(r=0.798 7,P=0.105 1),与非降解组分呈高度负相关,相关性趋于显著(r=-0.866 7,P=0.057 2)。     

Comparison of two live Bacillus species as feed additives for improving in vitro fermentation of cereal straws

This study was performed in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement to explore and compare the effects of inclusion of two live Bacillus additives (B. licheniformis and B. subtilis) at four doses (0, 0.25 × 10⁷, 0.50 × 10⁷ and 0.75 × 10⁷ colony‐forming units (cfu)) on in vitro gas production kinetics, fiber degradation, methane production and ruminal fermentation characteristics of maize stover and rice straw by mixed rumen microorganisms in dairy cows. The pH, concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH₃‐N) and isovalerate were increased (P < 0.05), while the methane (CH₄) production, ratio of acetate to propionate, and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) concentration were decreased (P < 0.05) by the supplementation of B. licheniformis compared with that of B. subtilis. Adding B. licheniformis and B. subtilis raised (P < 0.05) or numerically raised the maximum gas production, while decreasing (P < 0.05) or numerically lowering pH and concentrations of most volatile fatty acids. The addition of B. licheniformis increased (P < 0.05) the NH₃‐N concentration but reduced CH₄ production and ratio of acetate to propionate (P < 0.05), while the NH₃‐N concentration was decreased (P < 0.05), and the CH₄ production and ratio of acetate to propionate were increased by that of B. subtilis compared to the control. Results obtained in this research suggest that B. licheniformis would be preferred as a live Bacillus additive in comparison with B. subtilis, and its optimal dose should be 0.25 × 10⁷ cfu/500 mg substrates.