杉木无性系选育程序和苗木增殖技术

为加速杉木无性系育种进程和提高育种水平,作者总结了15年来采穗圃经营和扦插育苗的经验,提出了杉木无性系育种的选育程序和方法及育苗增殖技术,供林业生产者应用。     

杉木不同育苗方式苗木生长比较分析

为了解不同育苗方式培育的杉木苗木生长差异,以杉木优良无性系扦插裸根苗、杉木第3代种子园实生裸根苗和杉木第3代种子园实生轻型基质容器苗为研究对象,以杉木第3代种子园实生轻型基质容器苗为对照(CK),于2021年12月测定了不同育苗方式培育的苗木生长量,分析了不同育苗方式培育的苗木生长差异,结果表明：杉木无性系扦插裸根苗相对对照(CK)的苗高、地径分别增长了117.2%和155.9%;杉木第3代种子园实生裸根苗相对对照(CK)的苗高、地径分别增长了74.8%和135.3%,综合对比分析杉木优良无性系扦插裸根苗生长最优。     

杉木优良无性系扦插育苗试验效果

杉木优良无性系扦插育苗,技术新颖,方法简单,繁殖快。在当前杉木初级种子园优良家系的种子缺乏的情况下,采用优良无性系扦插育苗方法来繁殖优良家系种苗是一种快速繁殖良种一条新的途径.     

高世代杉木无性系扦插育苗技术

高世代杉木无性系扦插育苗技术,近年来在我国中南部杉木传统种植区的林业技术人员中引起了高度的重视,但由于其对激素、光、热、水、肥、土壤等要求与杉木大田苗育苗有较大的区别,成活率较低,一直未能实现产业化经营。文章介绍了高世代杉木无性系扦插育苗过程中应注意的一般性问题,初步解决了高世代杉木无性系扦插育苗成活率低的问题。     

杉木优良无性系扦插育苗试验

福建省建瓯市小桥镇上屯村,采用不同扦插时间(4月15日、5月15日、6月15日)、不同圃地(培育2 a杉木扦插苗的圃地、经过1 a水稻轮作的圃地)进行杉木优良无性系扦插育苗试验。结果表明:4月、5月扦插的杉木优良无性系苗木质量及苗木成活率均显著高于6月,其中4月扦插的苗木质量最优。在相同的扦插时间下,经过轮作的圃地苗木生长质量明显优于未轮作的圃地苗木生长质量。由此,建议福建杉木优良无性系扦插育苗时间应于4月,选择经过轮作的圃地进行扦插育苗有利于提高苗木质量。     

杉木扦插育苗插穗类型选择试验

扦插育苗是当前发展杉木无性系林业的主要繁殖手段,在杉木无性系扦插繁殖中,不同类型的插穗因存在位置效应,不仅影响扦插成活率,而且影响到苗木和幼林的高、径生长。可见,正确选用插穗类型对于保证杉木无性系造林成效具有至关重要的意义。 几年来,我们结合四川省林科院杉木组布置的杉木优良无性系选育工作,进行了插穗类型选择的初步试验研究,现将其结果报道如下。     

ABT生根粉对杉木的保优促萌效果

无性系林业是当今发展速生丰产林的热点。如何利用优良材料进行快速繁殖,产生优良无性系,是培育无性系苗、营造无性系丰产林的关键。许多林业工作者反映,在杉木优良无性系选育繁殖中,大多数遗传增益大、生长快的杉木优良个体,尤其是从年龄较大的杉木幼林和成熟林中选出     

杉木插枝试验初报

<正> 摸索出提高杉木扦插成活率的技术方法,在科研和生产上有极其重要的意义。据资料介绍[1] ,巴西目前大力推广优树无性系扦插育苗造林,逐年减少用种子园的种子育苗造林,这种利用优树当代优势而不利用优树后代优势(种子)育苗造林的作法,可以提高林木产量20%以上。虽然杉木萌芽条扦插成活率很     

杉木优良无性系的繁育方法

本文作者在七十年中期,曾先后提出杉木采用无性系繁殖,生产优良无性系苗木,利用一代优势直接投入生产,并提出采用叶(芽)插等方法,加速无性系苗的生产(见本刊1975年第1期P31—32,35;1977年第1期P28—30),和杉木无性系测定方法(见本刊1978年第4期)。最近作者先后到广东省怀集县林科所和湖南省零陵地区林科所考察,认为大量生产杉木优良无性系苗木,技术问题基本解决,只要有组织的,系统地去做,就能加速实现,故提出本文,以供参考。     

杉木采穗圃营建和扦插育苗技术

目前在我省杉木优良无性系林业的推广中，有的地方不遵循育种程序，忽视科学性，致使出现苗木产量低、质量差的弊端。据我省著名杉木专家陈佛寿等人研究实践，主要是没有搞好采穗圃的营建和扦插育苗。现将两方面的技术要领介绍如下：一、采穗圃的营建技术1．圃地要选建在适宜杉木生长、坡度平稳、土壤疏松肥沃、排水良好、日照长、不当北风、可防冻害、牛害的地点。建圃材料一定要选用遗传品质好的优良无性系；为便于今后组合多个无性系造林，一个建圃单位选用的无性系不得少于10个。2．整地作床。于建圃前夏、秋季全面深挖整地、清除草根。…     

Selection, propagation and cultivation of Pinus massoniana clones for pulp use

Based on the growth, wood property of the ortets, and rooting abilities of cuttings, 32 Pinus massoniana clones for pulp use were selected from forests of superior provenance, mixed families, and progeny test of seed orchard by two-step selection. The average height and DBH growth of three-year-old clones were 28.6% and 16.7%, respectively, higher than those from seedlings, and average gain of wood density reached 8.7%. Rooting rate of all these clones was over 80%, 28% higher than the clones selected by a single step. A cutting orchard of 0.33 hm² on the hillside was constructed to intensively produce cuttings according to the tests on construction methods, pruning, and fertilization. A total of 50,000 grade I, 37,500 grade II, and 62,500 grade III cuttings were collected per hectare of this cutting orchard each time, and were cut three times each year. With all the above techniques, 48 hm² of clonal forests for pulp use of those clones had been planted in five places in Fujian Province. Container stecklings are more likely to increase the planting survival rate. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2004, 40(1): 64–69 [译自: 林业科学]     

杉木不同类别良种改良效果的比较研究

杉木不同类别良种改良效果的比较研究＊徐金良洪昌端沈辛作项龙昌关键词杉木良种增产效果杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｌｏａｔａ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｈｏｏｋ．）是我国南方主要的速生用材和造林树种。浙江省从７０年代初开展杉木遗传改良工作以来，以种源选择、...     

湿地松改良种子园部分无性系的早期遗传评价

利用湿地松改良种子园的建园无性系生产的8个全同胞家系和20个自由授粉家系苗木共营建测定林3块。3－4年生的测定林数据分析结果表明，参试的自由授粉家系作全同胞家系的平均生长量显著地大于台山湿地松初级种子园的，20个自由授粉家系的树高、胸径、材积平均增益分别为5．54％，7．77％和23．41％，初步实现了建园目标；同一无性系的不同采种年份的自由授粉子代生长存在着差异，有随着种子园母树年龄的增大而表现渐佳的趋势；改良园中还存在着少量的误选无性系，需要继续作测定和淘汰。从无性系亲子的生长量相关分析中发现，生长较差的自由授粉家系，较大部分产自生长量缩小的母本无性系。     

马尾松建园无性系生长结实性状调查分析

经生长结实性状测试表明:①用于建园的72个双亲无性系3年生植株结实率为65%,结实株率达30.6%。无性系采穗亲本5年生结实率达90%,说明建园无性系幼龄初始结实性状是正常、良好的。②选自全国7省(区)种源子代林的优树无性系,在邵武地区的气候立地条件下,12年生的植株结实性状,除两广种源结实偏少、湖南种源结实稍多之外,其它各种源无性系结实良好。③选自福建省的优树无性系,无论是闽西南还是闽西北的结实性状均属良好。     

Effects of clonal selection on biomass production and quality in Robinia pseudoacacia var. monophylla Carr.

In this paper, the results of the effects of clonal selection on biomass production and quality in monophylla black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia var. monophylla Carr.) were studied. The genetic material included seedlings of open pollinated families, ramets of selected clones within them and seedlings of common black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) as a control. Both seedlings and ramets were planted in the field in April 1994. At the end of the first and the subsequent growing seasons (1994–2002) all of them were cut at 20 cm aboveground. Measurements were done at the end of October–beginning of November and included height and oven-dry weight of saplings, stem number, leaf/stem ratio of oven-dry weight and length of the longest thorn. It was found that height and oven-dry weight were increased in the first three years but they declined thereafter both in clones and families. Overall, however, clones were superior to families. Stem number was increased with age more in families than in clones. Leaf/stem ratio of oven-dry weight declined with time but clones were superior to families. Thorn length, finally, increased over the years but clones had significantly lower values than families. The results showed that the most productive clones were also better in quality characteristics (leaf/stem ratio of oven-dry weight and thorn length) than most families and the control. It is concluded that clonal selection can result in significant increase of biomass quantity and improvement of its quality.     

日本落叶松高龄一轮采穗圃无性系生根变异

以河北省茅荆坝林场一轮日本落叶松无性系采穗母株为试材,研究了幼年实生母株与其一轮分生株11-12a后生根率的变化和一轮无性系采穗圃无性系间生根性状的遗传变异。结果表明,一轮无性系分生株与其幼年实生母株相比总体生根率大幅度下降。但无性系间生根率下降幅度有明显不同,约37．5％的无性系与原株相比生根率没有下降或下降幅度小（0—12．5％）。一轮无性系采穗圃无性系间生根率、生根量等性状均有明显差异,且生根率、生根量等性状的重复力高。因此,对一轮落叶松无性系采穗圃进行生根性状再选择有助于筛选出受老龄化影响小、生根性状优异的无性系,以推动日本落叶松无性系育林事业的发展。     

马尾松种子园无性系结实量、种实性状及遗传参数的分析

马尾松(Pinusmassoniana)是我国南方重要的用材树种。80年代初在马尾松主产区建立了一批初级无性系种子园,并开展了种子园有关营建技术的研究。反映种子园无性系繁育能力的种实性状包括了球果及种子性状,是林木种子园经营管理者所关注的重要内容,它涉及到种子园的产量和种子品质等问题。国外对火炬树(P .teada)、阿勒皮红松(P .abasica)、斑克松(P .banksiana)、白云杉(Piceaglaua)、北美黄杉(Pseudosugamenziesii)等树种(Matthewsetal.,1986 ;Matzirisetal.,1998;Todhunteretal.,1981;Horh ,1984 ;Clairetal .,1991) ,研究了花粉产量…     

杉木无性系幼树高生长的遗传变异

杉木８２个无性系间１－４年生树高差异极显著，生长量最大相差达１．６－２．７倍。遗传变异系１２．５－２２．８％，广义遗传力估值０．６３３－０．９４１，遗传变异幅度和遗传控制程度都有随树龄增大而变小的趋向。按１０％的入选率，中选无性系的树高平衡遗传增益可达２５％左右，但无性系相对于种子园子代的树高生长优势可能因树龄小而尚水表达出来，２年生与３进行了分析和讨论，认为以提高木材产量为目标选择优良无性系的工     

大规模生产杉木改良苗木的方法

1986年李明鹤把林木改良区分为个体改良与群体改良,并在此基础上提出了采用无性系选择法,分两步迅速实现杉木良种化的方案。从1986年起,经三年的实验,现已完成了第一步,并研究出了建立采穗圃的新技术,它有助于使我国杉木造林迅速实现良种化。现将研究的结果报道如下。     

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacada L.) clonal seed orchards in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. The main aim of the discussed new selection programme is to identify black locust clones with good performance and good form for setting up clonal seed orchards. As a result of selection programme 16 new black locust clones have been improved. In spring 2002 a black locust seed orchard was established with the newly selected clones. About 40% of the plants can be considered to belong to the height growth rate class 1 and 2. Hungary was the first country where micropropagated black locust planting material was used for seed orchard establishment.