硫辛酸在大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤中的神经保护作用

采用股动脉放血并双侧颈总动脉夹闭的全脑缺血再灌注模型 ,测定缺血 10 min再灌注后 6 h、1d、3d、5 d脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH- Px)活力及丙二醛 (MDA)含量 ,以探讨硫辛酸 (α- lipoicacid,L A)对实验性脑缺血再灌注的神经保护作用。结果表明 :在对应的各时间相 ,老年组 SOD及 GSH- Px的活性均显著低于青年组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,MDA水平显著高于青年组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;而 L A可显著提高 SOD及 GSH- Px的活性 ,降低MDA的水平 (P<0 .0 1)。试验证明 ,L A对脑缺血再灌注有明显的神经保护作用     

橄榄苦苷对小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

本研究为探讨橄榄苦苷联合依达拉奉对小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响及其保护作用机制,将50只健康小鼠分成假手术组、模型组、橄榄苦苷组、依达拉奉组、橄榄苦苷＋依达拉奉组。利用双侧颈总动脉结扎方法制备慢性脑缺血再灌注小鼠模型,造模后药物处理21 d,用放射免疫法检测脑组织肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素1（IL-1β）、白细胞介素10（IL-10）含量,用比色法检测脑组织ATP酶、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量,用免疫组织化学法及Western blotting法检测大脑皮层脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的表达。结果显示,与假手术组相比,模型组脑组织TNF-α、IL-1β、MDA的含量及MPO活性极显著升高（P<0.01）,IL-10、ATP酶、SOD、CAT水平均极显著降低（P<0.01）,大脑皮层BDNF表达水平极显著降低（P<0.01）。与模型组比较,橄榄苦苷或依达拉奉治疗后,脑组织TNF-α、IL-1β、MDA的含量及MPO活性极显著降低（P<0.01）,IL-10、ATP酶、SOD、CAT水平均极显著升高（P<0.01）,大脑皮层BDNF表达水平极显著升高（P<0.01）。橄榄苦苷和依达拉奉联合治疗后脑缺血再灌注损伤的恢复更加显著。综上所述,橄榄苦苷和依达拉奉对小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与改善神经功能、减少自由基损伤和抑制炎症因子水平有关,橄榄苦苷和依达拉奉联合治疗可以发挥更好的作用。     

金属硫蛋白在大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤中的神经保护作用

采用股动脉放血并双侧颈总动脉夹闭的全脑缺血再灌注模型,测定缺血10min再灌注后6h、1d、3d、5d脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH Px)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量,以探讨金属硫蛋白-1(MT 1)对实验性脑缺血再灌注的神经保护作用。结果表明:在对应的各时间相,老年组SOD及GSH Px的活性均显著低于青年组(P<0 05);MDA水平显著高于青年组(P<0 05);而MT-1可显著提高SOD及GSH Px的活性、降低MDA的水平(P<0 01)。本实验证明MT 1对脑缺血再灌注有明显神经保护作用。     

脑缺血再灌注损伤机制及蜂胶抗脑缺血再灌注损伤研究进展

蜂胶对脑缺血再灌注损伤具有显著的神经保护作用,国内外学者已经对此展开了广泛而深入的研究。本文对脑缺血再灌注损伤的机理,现有实验模型和蜂胶对缺血再灌注损伤的作用效果及作用机理进行了综述,并对今后的研究重点进行了展望。     

大鼠短暂性全脑缺血再灌注后海马神经元动态变化

采用股动脉放血并双侧颈总动脉夹闭制作大鼠全脑缺血再灌注模型,分别于术后6h、1d、3d、5d处死动物,取脑,制作石蜡切片和冰冻切片,通过HE染色、TUNEL检测及Caspase-3活性测定,对大鼠海马各区锥体细胞形态进行动态观察。结果表明:在短暂性全脑缺血中,海马锥体细胞存在着凋亡和坏死两种死亡形式,细胞凋亡在海马各区中的分布是一动态过程,各区对缺血易损伤性的顺序是:CA1及门区>CA2>CA3>齿状回;脑缺血再灌注不同时间,海马锥体细胞中DNA断裂及Caspase-3的表达与细胞凋亡呈现相似的变化趋势,且DNA的断裂早于Caspase-3的表达;与青年组相比,老年组海马神经元出现凋亡时间早且损伤严重。试验证明:在脑缺血再灌注损伤中,海马各区存在着缺血耐受性差异;细胞凋亡是神经元死亡的一种重要形式。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯的生理功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)是绿茶茶多酚的主要成分,因其具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等多种生理作用,在畜禽生产中具有广阔的应用前景.本文综述了 EGCG抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒、调节脂质代谢、提高机体免疫力的功能及其在猪、禽类、反刍动物生产中的应用,以期为EGCG在畜禽生产中的应用提供理论依据.     

多烯磷脂酰胆碱对家兔肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨多烯磷脂酰胆碱对家兔肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法:15只中国白兔随机分成假手术对照组、肝脏缺血-再灌注模型组和多烯磷脂酰胆碱干预组,检测肝脏微循环中滞留的白细胞数量、血清ALT、AST和LDH含量,观察肝脏的病理变化。结果:模型组肝脏微循环中滞留的中性粒细胞数量、血清ALT、AST和LDH含量明显高于对照组(P0.05),肝细胞弥漫性水泡变性和散在坏死;干预组肝脏微循环中滞留的中性粒细胞数量、血清中ALT、AST和LDH含量均明显低于模型组,肝脏病理变化轻微。结论:肝脏缺血-再灌注可导致肝细胞弥漫性水泡变性和散在性坏死,多烯磷脂酰胆碱对肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤有明显保护作用。     

基于网络药理学研究丹参-川芎抗脑缺血再灌注损伤作用机制及试验验证

【目的】 通过网络药理学研究丹参-川芎药对治疗缺血性脑卒中的有效性成分及相应基因靶标,探讨其作用机制。【方法】 应用中药系统药理学计数平台（TCMSP）、GeneCards、OMIM数据库,筛选出丹参-川芎药对治疗缺血性脑卒中的潜在靶点并进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析。分别设置假手术组、模型组、丹参-川芎低、中、高剂量组,采用预防和治疗给药方式对线栓制备的脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠进行干预,采用Zea-longa评分法对脑缺血再灌注24 h模型大鼠进行神经功能评分,苏木素-伊红（HE）染色法观察脑组织病理学变化进行初步验证。【结果】 本研究共筛选到丹参-川芎药对主要有效活性成分共72个,其中川芎7个,丹参65个,缺血性脑卒中的靶点基因1 972个,有效活性成分与缺血性脑卒中共同作用靶标94个,包括IL6、IL10、TNF、MMP9、VEGFA、CASP3等;GO功能和KEGG通路富集结果提示,丹参-川芎药对治疗缺血性脑卒中与PI3K-Akt、cGMP-PKG、VEGF等多个信号通路有关。动物试验结果表明,丹参-川芎可减轻脑组织病理改变,减轻神经功能缺损,改善脑缺血再灌注损伤。【结论】 丹参-川芎药对可能是通过PI3K/Akt信号通路改善脑缺血再灌注损伤,发挥抗细胞凋亡的作用。     

茶多酚和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对高血脂模型小鼠血脂代谢的影响

为了探讨茶多酚混合物(TP)和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)的降血脂作用,本研究通过建立高血脂小鼠模型,分组给药一段时间之后,测定各组小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平.结果表明,与高脂模型组相比,TP和EGCG组小鼠血清TC含量分别降低了37.9%和35.3%(P<0.05);TG含量分别降低了48.2%和49.0%(P<0.05);HDL-C水平分别升高了23.4%和34.3%(P<0.05).这表明TP和EGCG均具有抗氧化生物活性,对机体血脂代谢具有正向调节作用,具有降血脂功效.     

The neuroprotective effects of lidocaine and methylprednisolone in a rat model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury

Retinal ischemia is a common cause of visual impairment for humans and animals. The neuroprotective effects of lidocaine (LDC) and methylprednisolone (MP) upon retinal ischemic injury were investigated in a rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, the IR control, LDC and MP. A very high intraocular pressure (HIOP) and retinal ischemia were induced. In LDC group, LDC bolus (1.5 mg/kg) was i.v. injected 30 min before ischemia and then a constant rate infusion (CRI) with 2 mg/kg/hr was given until 60 min after reperfusion. In MP group, MP bolus (30 mg/kg) was i.v. administered twice at 2 min before and immediately after ischemia, respectively. The HIOP damage to retina was evaluated by electroretinogram (ERG) and morphometrical histology. The functional analysis of the retina by ERG revealed a 35.2% reduction of a-wave in the IR group, 49.7% reduction in the LDC group but no significant change in the MP group compared to normal controls. An 81.0% reduction of b-wave was observed in the IR group, 80.7% reduction in the LDC group and 17.6% reduction in the MP group. In the morphometrical histology, the retinal inner plexiform layer/outer nuclear layer (IPL/ONL) ratio was reduced to 48.8% in the IR group, 80.1% in the LDC group and 96.2% in MP group. In conclusion, the MP showed significantly good neuroprotective effects on retinal IR injury, and the LDC showed moderate neuroprotective effects demonstrated in retinal structure but not in retinal function.     

小窝蛋白-1在猪前体脂肪细胞分化中的作用及其机理

以体外培养1日龄猪皮下前体脂肪细胞为研究对象,通过脂质体LipofectamineTM2000介导小窝蛋白-1（Caveolin-1,CAV1）过表达载体pEGFP-N1-CAV1及CAV1的干扰片段siRNA-CAV1分别转染猪皮下前体脂肪细胞,采用RT-PCR定量分析转染后24、48、72、96h的CAV1mRNA表达量以及转染后72h脂肪细胞分化相关基因的mRNA表达量;其后又进行了CAV1过表达或干扰且诱导分化后甘油三脂含量以及脂肪细胞分化相关基因的mRNA表达量测定。结果显示,过表达CAV1基因上调前体脂肪细胞分化相关基因PPARγ、C/EBPβ、AP2、GPDH的表达量,干扰CAV1基因下调C/EBPβ、PPARγ、AP2、LPL、VLDLR的表达量;诱导分化后干扰组C/EBPβ、LPL、VLDLR的表达量仍显著降低,而甘油三脂含量检测结果说明过表达CAV1基因能促进脂肪细胞分化,提示CAV1可能通过C/EBPβ、LPL、VLDLR等基因影响猪前体脂肪细胞分化。     

Potential role of the CD38/cADPR signaling pathway as an underlying mechanism of the effects of medetomidine on insulin and glucose homeostasis

ObjectiveTo investigate the CD38/cADPR signaling pathway as possible underlying mechanism of the effects of medetomidine on insulin and glucose homeostasis.AnimalsThirty–two C57BL/6 mice of both sexes.MethodsWild–type (WT) and CD38–knockout (CD38^?/?) mice received medetomidine (50 μg kg^?1) or a similar volume of 0.9% NaCl (control) by intraperitoneal (IP) injection (each group n = 8). The mice were euthanized 45 minutes later with sodium pentobarbital IP and blood was sampled via cardiac puncture. Insulin and glucose concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay and by the oxygen rate method, respectively. Data were analyzed with anova and Bonferroni post hoc (5% significance) and are shown as mean ± SD.ResultsPlasma insulin and glucose concentrations were similar between WT and CD38^?/? mice under control conditions. As compared to controls, medetomidine administration produced a statistically significant decrease in plasma insulin concentrations in the WT mice whereas the decrease in the CD38^?/? mice was not statistically significant. Correspondingly, medetomidine caused a significantly greater increase in plasma glucose concentrations in the WT than in the CD38^?/? mice.ConclusionThe CD38/cADPR signaling pathway may be one underlying mechanism of the glucose and insulin effects of the alpha–2 adrenergic receptor agonist medetomidine and likely other drugs of its’ class.     

牛膝多糖的作用机制及对动物模型的影响

牛膝多糖(ABPS)是一种水溶性的生物活性多糖,在体内发挥着极其重要的生理功能,可参与机体的免疫调节,并具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤和抗氧化等生物学作用。本文主要从ABPS的理化性质、结构、作用机制及对动物模型的影响等方面进行了综述。     

Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on lipid metabolism and its underlying molecular mechanism in broiler chickens

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on fat metabolism and to establish the molecular mechanism of these effects in broilers. Seventy‐two 28‐day‐old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into three groups with different levels of EGCG supplementation for 4 weeks: normal control (NC) group, L‐EGCG (a low‐level supplement of EGCG, 40 mg/kg body weight daily) and H‐EGCG (a high‐level supplement of EGCG, 80 mg/kg body weight daily). After 4 weeks of oral administration, EGCG significantly reduced the level of abdominal fat deposition in broilers. The serum triglycerides and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol of chickens in H‐EGCG group were also significantly decreased compared with the NC group, and the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was notably increased at the same time. Moreover, the vital role of the liver and abdominal adipose tissue in lipid metabolism of poultry animals was examined through gene expression and enzyme activities related to fat anabolism and catabolism in these organs. Our data show that EGCG supplementation for 2 weeks significantly downregulated the expression of fatty acid synthesis and fat deposition‐related genes, and upregulated the expression of genes involved in fatty acid β‐oxidation and lipolysis genes. Simultaneously, the activities of hepatic fatty acid synthesis enzymes (fatty acid synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase) were significantly decreased, and the activity of carnitine palmitoyl transferase‐1 was notably elevated. The results suggest that EGCG could alleviate fat deposition in broilers through inhibiting fat anabolism and stimulating lipid catabolism in broilers.     

铝胁迫对草本植物生理的影响机制

铝毒是酸性土壤地区影响草本植物生长的主要限制因子,全球性土壤酸化进一步加剧了铝胁迫对植物的危害。本文综述了铝胁迫对草本植物的农艺性状、光合呼吸作用、活性氧和抗氧化酶系统、渗透调节物质以及根系活动和次生代谢物的影响,简述了低浓度的铝对草本植物生长部分指标具有促进作用,主要阐述了铝胁迫对草本植物的各种危害:铝胁迫对其地上部分和地下部分具有毒害作用、迫使其叶绿素含量降低、气孔导度下降、呼吸作用受阻、活性氧浓度升高、抗氧化酶活性下降、渗透调节受破坏、根系活力下降并扰乱其次生代谢,并提出了缓解铝毒的方法和未来的研究方向。     

不同载畜率下短花针茅和土壤生态化学计量特征研究

以荒漠草原建群种短花针茅为研究对象,分析不同载畜率(对照,CK;轻度放牧,LG;中度放牧,MG和重度放牧,HG)对短花针茅与其对应土壤(0～20 cm和20～40 cm)碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)及化学计量比的影响.结果表明:放牧对短花针茅N、P及C:N:P化学计量比没有显著影响,但C含量随载畜率的增加而显著增加(P...