仔猪哺乳期补饲不同水平高铜试验

<正> 在我国,已报道的猪日粮中添加高剂量铜效果实验,多限于生长肥育猪,而关于哺乳仔猪补料中不同水平高铜的添加效应和适宜添加剂量未见报导。本试验的目的是通过设置不同水平的高铜,探讨其对哺乳仔猪生产性能的影响,为仔猪哺乳期补饲高铜提供依据。     

高铜改善猪生产性能和促生长作用的机理

铜是人和动物的必需微量元素之一。其营养需要量为:成人2-3mg/d;哺乳动物5-10mg/kg饲料;禽类为4-11mg/kg饲料。通常,人们根据营养需要量供给动物铜、但在特殊要求条件下,根据需要及动物机体功能状态不同对铜供给量各异。自Braude(1945)首次发现饲粮添加高剂量铜对青年猪有促生长作用以来,人们就高铜对猪的促生长效应做了大量研究,并且一直是动物营养界的一大热门课题。试验表明,只要同时考虑饲粮的营养平衡及其它相关因素,添加125-250mg/kg铜对猪各阶段(尤其是早期生长阶段)有明显的促生长     

饲粮中高铜高锌的不同停用时间对猪生长性能和猪肉品质的影响

试验选用27头体重20 kg左右健康的长×约二元杂交猪,随机分成3组,每组9头,均饲喂添加铜250 mg/kg、锌430 mg/kg的饲粮,分别在屠宰前0(对照组)、15 d和30 d停用高铜高锌.观测各组猪生长性能和猪肉品质的变化.结果表明,与不停用对照组相比较在屠宰前30 d停用高铜高锌饲粮不影响猪生长性能、饲料利用、屠宰指标及猪肉品质,相反还降低猪肉的滴水损失和铜、锌含量.因此,在屠前30 d停止使用高铜高锌不会影响猪的生长,可有效地减少肉中铜、锌的残留.     

饲料安全性问题(3)畜禽日粮中添加高铜、高锌导致的问题及其解决办法

国内外研究表明,日粮中高铜(200～250mg/kg)可促进动物的生长和提高饲料利用效率;高锌(2000～3000mg/kg)具有促进仔猪生长和降低仔猪断奶后腹泻的效果。因此,高铜添加在生产上已被广泛应用,高锌添加也有日益推广的趋势。但是。长期对畜禽饲用高铜、高锌日粮会给畜禽业发展和生态环境带来不良的影响,因而应予以高度重视。 1 添加高铜导致的问题 1.1 引起动物铜中毒 —般认为,猪日粮中铜的最高安全限量为     

养猪常见问题解答

1猪粪便发黑就是饲料消毒得好吗？ 高铜对仔猪有促生长作用（对生长肥育猪不明显）,许多饲料厂在猪饲料中添加了高铜（以硫酸铜的形式）。硫酸铜在猪体内经过化学变化后成为黑色的氧化铜,因而粪便也表现为黑色,所以粪便发黑并不能表明饲料消毒得好,只能表明饲料中添加了高铜。高铜只对仔猪有促生长作用,生长猪添加量过高不仅无益,还会对环境造成污染,不易提倡。     

纳米载铜蒙脱石对生长肥育猪肌肉和肝脏常规组分、部分激素和血清指标的影响

自英国学者Braude R于1945年首次发现在日粮中添加高剂量铜对青年猪有促生长作用以来,人们就开始对高铜的促生长效应进行大量研究.但是高铜在促进生长的同时也带来了环境污染等负面效应,因此该类添加剂已逐步被禁止使用.     

国产盐霉素与高铜对断奶仔猪生长的影响

盐霉素属聚醚类抗生素,对大多数革兰氏阳性菌和部分霉菌具有抗菌作用,猪饲粮中添加盐霉素具有促生长、提高饲料转化率的作用（姜礼胜,１９９７）。大量研究表明,抗生素与高剂量铜的使用有协同作用（Ｂｏｗｌａｎｄ,１９９０）,而国产盐霉素与高铜配合使用的报道很少...     

猪黄膘肉的判定与处置

<正>导致猪黄膘肉的主要原因是饲料使用不当,通过群饲可引起群发,且宰前不易发现,故常造成难以挽回的损失。猪黄膘肉是指黄色色素沉积于脂肪组织中而出现黄膘,继而降低猪肉品质和利用价值。其产生的主要原因是饲料使用不当,因其通过群饲而引起群发,且宰前不易发现,故常造成难以挽回的损失。一、产生原因1.饲料中微量元素添加过量。高铜制剂或添加剂在养猪业中被广泛应用,在生长肥育猪中添加高于正常需要量10倍的铜可提高生长速度和饲料利用率。但长期采食过量铜日粮会     

高铜日粮下雏鸡肝铜、血铜残留量的测定

铜是动物必需的元素之一。1945年Braude首次报道在生长猪饲料中添加250mg/kg的铜可明显提高猪的生长性能(Braude,1945)〔1〕,此后高铜添加剂的使用一直是畜牧生产上研究的热点。但高铜添加剂的研究多集中于促生长方面,有关组织中铜的残留及公共卫生方面的报道很少,更缺乏高铜日粮下动物肝脏和血液中铜残留量的系统研究报道。因此,无法从现有的资料来准确确定饲粮铜的安全添加剂量,更不能根据饲料铜的添加水平来预报组织中铜的残留量。不解决这个问题,就不能在家禽生产上科学、安全地使用高铜添加剂。本试验通过设立梯度剂量的高铜日粮,旨在…     

四种铜盐的添加效果及其促生长机理探讨

1955年,Braude首次发现在饲料中添加正常需要量十倍的铜可以明显提高猪的生产性能.之后,大量试验表明:饲料中添加高剂量铜可使养猪效益提高7%～32%,因而这一技术被广泛应用于畜牧生产中.但在饲粮中广泛使用高剂量铜导致了高铜粪便对环境的大规模污染,一些国家已开始禁止在饲料中添加高铜.为了合理有效地使用钢促生长剂,各国营养学家试图寻找高效价的有机铜替代硫酸铜,从而在保证铜盐促生长效果     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.