H7N9亚型禽流感油乳灭活苗诱导鸭产生HI抗体的研究

为了解H7N9亚型禽流感油乳灭活苗对不同品种鸭诱导免疫应答的基本能力和不同接种方法诱导各种鸭产生HI抗体的情况,试验采用H7N9亚型禽流感油乳灭活苗对4个品种(番鸭、白鸭、水鸭、麻鸭)的雏鸭进行3种不同程序的免疫试验(2周龄肌肉注射0.3 mL/只为程序1,2周龄肌肉注射0.5 mL/只为程序2,2周龄肌肉注射0.3 mL/只、3周龄肌肉注射0.6 mL/只为程序3)。结果表明,程序1免疫的雏鸭可在免疫后2周产生4.09~5.73 log_2HI抗体,免疫后1~8周均值为4.54~7.03 log_2;程序2免疫的雏鸭可在免疫后2周产生4.20~6.27 log_2的HI抗体,免疫后1~8周均值5.53~6.57 log_2;程序3免疫的雏鸭可在免后2周达到4.91~7.36 log_2,免疫后1~8周均值6.31~7.87 log_2。结果提示,该疫苗对4种鸭都具有良好的免疫原性,免疫后可较快地产生较高水平的抗体,且维持较长时间(8周以上),同时初步建立了鸭H7N9亚型禽流感油乳灭活疫苗的基本免疫程序。     

H7N9亚型禽流感免疫程序研究初报

研究采用H7N9亚型禽流感油乳剂灭活疫苗,对番鸭、鸭、麻鸭、水鸭、鹅等5种小水禽和小鸡开展首免日龄、免疫时间、免疫次数等免疫程序主要要素的研究,以HI抗体水平、CD4/CD8细胞变化情况,以及白细胞介素1、白细胞介素2、白细胞介素4、白细胞介素6及肿瘤坏死因子变化情况的检测数值作为评价指标。研究结果表明,所用疫苗和程序能够诱导番鸭、鸭、麻鸭、水鸭、鹅等水禽和鸡产生明显的免疫应答反应,试验家禽在2周龄左右作首次接种,剂量为0.3m L/只,3周龄加强免疫一次,剂量为0.6 m L/只,二次免疫1-2周后,相应HI抗体可以达到4-5 log2以上,其他免疫指标也可达到较为理想的水平。现将研究基本情况初步报告如下,谨供参考。     

禽流感病毒H5N1变异株灭活疫苗(Re-4株)对鸡、鸭和鹅的免疫效果研究

为系统评估禽流感病毒(AIV)H5N1变异株灭活疫苗(Re-4株)对家禽的免疫效果,本研究将Re-4株油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫SPF鸡和商品蛋鸡、商品鸭及商品鹅。免疫后每周采集血清测定HI抗体,绘制抗体消长曲线,免疫SPF鸡在免疫后2周、3周和50周时以105EID50剂量的强毒株(CK/SX/2/06)进行攻毒。研究结果显示,该疫苗对蛋鸡、鸭、鹅均具有良好的免疫效果,而且SPF免疫鸡血清HI抗体在4log2以上时能够完全抵抗CK/SX/2/06强毒的攻击。因此,根据实验结果推荐该油乳剂灭活疫苗的对上述禽类的免疫程序:商品蛋鸡10日龄颈部皮下注射0.3mL,60日龄和110日龄(开产前)时依次胸肌注射0.5mL和1.0mL进行免疫;商品鸭、鹅在2周龄均以0.5mL首免,5周龄和4月龄左右时以1mL的剂量肌肉注射方式进行加强免疫。     

新型H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗对鸭、鹅及鸽免疫原性研究

本研究就反基因操作分子修饰致弱种毒株制备新型H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗对鸭、鹅和鸽子的免疫原性进行了系统评估.结果表明该疫苗对水禽及鸽子具有良好免疫原性.根据实验结果,初步推荐该禽流感灭活疫苗对上述禽类的免疫程序,即鸭:2周龄0.5mL皮下注射,3月龄1.0mL肌肉注射二免,9月龄1.0mL肌肉注射三免;鹅:10日龄0.5 mL皮下注射,3～4周龄1.5 mL肌肉注射加强免疫,4月龄1.5 mL进行第3次免疫;鸽子:2周龄以0.3 mL首免,4周龄以0.5 mL加强免疫,6月龄以0.5 mL第3次免疫.     

种鸡禽流感(H5+H9)二价灭活疫苗免疫程序的研究

本研究设计不同的免疫程序,用禽流感(H5+H9)二价灭活疫苗(H5N1 Re-1+H9N2 Re-2株)免疫黄羽种鸡,通过对H5亚型和H9亚型禽流感HI抗体滴度监测,探讨H5亚型和H9亚型禽流感HI抗体消长规律及禽流感(H5+H9)二价灭活疫苗的免疫程序.结果表明,用禽流感二价灭活疫苗免疫黄羽种鸡后,H5亚型和H9亚型禽流感HI抗体的消长规律基本同步,其抗体滴度阶段性峰值出现在免疫后的第21~28天.根据试验结果,建议用禽流感二价灭活疫苗免疫黄羽种鸡的免疫程序设为:首免(14 d),0.3 mL/只;二免(56 d),0.5 mL/只;三免(119 d或开产前4周),0.5 mL/只.     

禽流感H5亚型灭活疫苗对肉用家禽免疫效果的研究

用H5N2亚型禽流感灭活疫苗,分别免疫肉用鸡、鸭、鹅,免疫后采血测定其HI抗体,探讨该疫苗对肉禽的免疫效果。结果,鸡、鸭、鹅免疫后均能产生一定水平的HI抗体,但只经一次免疫时HI抗体处于较低水平,抗体合格率分别为3%、13%、10%。而经二次免疫则HI抗体水平较高,抗体合格率分别为80%、100%、89%。为确保肉用家禽免疫效果,使用H5N2亚型禽流感灭活疫苗时,建议进行二次免疫。     

不同种类禽流感疫苗对番鸭的免疫效果对比试验

为评价重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗鸡胚源H5N1亚型Re-6株、鸡胚源H5N1亚型Re-6+Re-8株灭活疫苗、细胞源Re-6+Re-8株灭活疫苗及水禽专用H5N2亚型D7株灭活疫苗4个产品对番鸭的免疫效果,分别取四种疫苗分别免疫20日龄番鸭,125只/组,免后35日采血测定HI抗体效价。结果表明,4种疫苗免疫后用Re-6抗原检测抗体依次分别为8.1log2、9.3log2、8.9log2、7.0log2,用Re-8抗原检测抗体分别为1.5log2、9.9log2、8.7log2、7.5log2,用D7抗原检测抗体分别为0.3log2、7.6log2、5.6log2、6.5log2。四种疫苗免疫效果由高至低依次为:鸡胚源H5N1亚型Re-6+Re-8株灭活疫苗细胞源Re-6+Re-8株灭活疫苗H5N2亚型D7株灭活疫苗鸡胚源H5N1亚型Re-6株灭活疫苗。     

H7N9亚型重组禽流感病毒rGD76株灭活疫苗的研制

利用H7N9亚型重组禽流感病毒rGD76株进行灭活疫苗的研制,并对疫苗的免疫效果进行评价,为家禽H7N9亚型流感的防控提供科学数据及手段。将AIV-rGD76株用灭菌生理盐水作104倍稀释后,接种11日龄非免疫鸡胚,37℃孵育72h后收获感染鸡胚尿囊液,经甲醛灭活后,加矿物油佐剂乳化制成油乳剂灭活疫苗,对制备疫苗的性状、安全性、免疫效力等进行检验。结果显示,制备的3批重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H7N9亚型,rGD76株)均为油包水型,黏度均在50cP以内,对3批疫苗取样,样品经3000r/min离心15min,管底无水相析出。安全性试验结果显示,将疫苗按1mL/只超剂量接种3周龄SPF鸡,试验鸡在观察期内全部健活,未出现局部或全身不良反应,表明疫苗对SPF鸡具有良好的安全性;免疫效力及攻毒保护试验结果显示,用疫苗按0.3mL/只的剂量免疫接种3周龄SPF鸡1次,免疫接种后21d试验鸡血清中rGD76株的HI抗体平均效价可达8log2以上,使用H7N9亚型高致病性禽流感病毒GD16株滴鼻接种0.2mL/只(含100LD50)对免疫鸡进行攻毒,疫苗对免疫鸡的保护率均为100%。在实验室条件下研制出重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H7N9亚型,rGD76株),疫苗的各项指标均符合标准。     

重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-1株)免疫鸡抗体消长规律及免疫程序的初步研究

研究新型重组H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗对种鸡和肉鸡的免疫原性,并对雏鸡母源抗体和免疫后的抗体进行动态观察,根据试验结果推荐该疫苗对鸡的免疫程序。用HI方法检测种鸡、肉鸡的母源抗体和免疫抗体,根据母源抗体的衰减和免疫抗体的消长规律确定首免和再免日龄。结果表明种鸡的母源抗体约能维持10 d多;0.3 mL/羽首免后10 d HI抗体就可达到6.40 log2,3-5周达到高峰期,至免疫17周后(19周龄)HI抗体水平仍然维持在4.88 log2;19周龄时0.5 mL/羽进行二免,有效抗体能维持约20周;280日龄0.5 mL/羽三免后抗体水平均一,下降缓慢,至种鸡淘汰时(三免后29周)抗体水平仍能维持在5.32 log2。肉鸡母源抗体约能维持7d,10日龄时0.3 mL/羽免疫,有效抗体能维持到上市。新型重组H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗对鸡的免疫原性确实。     

Re-8株H5亚型禽流感灭活疫苗对野鸟源H5N8流感病毒的免疫保护性研究

为评估当前应用的Re-8株种毒相关禽流感灭活疫苗对野鸟源H5N8流感病毒的免疫预防效果,本研究将重组禽流感病毒(AIV)H5亚型Re-8株灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-8株)和重组AIV(H5+H7)灭活疫苗(H5N1Re-8株+H7N9 H7 Re-1株)分别以0.3 m L/只的剂量接种3周龄SPF鸡,免疫3周时进行HI抗体检测和攻毒试验。结果显示,上述2种疫苗免疫的SPF鸡血清中针对H5亚型Re-8株抗原的HI抗体均在8 log2以上,以105EID50的剂量、鼻腔感染途径攻击野鸟源H5N8病毒BHG/QH/2/16和BHG/Tibet/3/16后,所有免疫组鸡在14 d观察期内均全部健活,不排毒,而对照组鸡在攻毒后4 d内全部发病、死亡、排毒。现地免疫重组AIV H5亚型三价灭活疫苗(Re-6株+Re-7株+Re-8株)的商品蛋鸡直接进行HI抗体检测和攻毒试验,结果显示,免疫蛋鸡血清中针对Re-8株抗原的HI抗体平均滴度为8.3 log2,以相同攻毒方式和剂量分别攻击2株H5N8病毒后,免疫鸡也获得完全免疫保护,不发病、不死亡、不排毒。本研究结果表明,含有重组AIV H5 Re-8株抗原的灭活疫苗可有效防控野鸟源H5N8流感病毒,为我国及其他国家H5N8亚型禽流感免疫防控提供了科学依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.