引起犬贫血、出血性素质和淋巴结肿大的疾病的鉴别

1贫血 1.1溶血性贫血疾病 贫血病,犬黏膜苍白、黄疸,不耐运动,心悸亢进,呼吸促迫,脾肿大,血红蛋白尿,血红蛋白血症、消瘦。洋葱中毒,犬血红蛋白尿、黄疸、呕吐、腹泻、胆红素尿、红细胞再生。腔静脉综合征,犬心脏杂音,排血红蛋白尿、深呼吸、黄疸、血红蛋白血症、腹围膨满。梨形虫病,犬发热、黄疸,排黄褐色尿、脾脏肿大、黏膜苍白、消瘦。自体免疫性溶血性贫血,犬黄疸、呼吸促迫、脾肿,排血红蛋白尿,皮肤病变,红细胞抵抗减弱,红细胞再生。     

灵狐犬洋葱中毒的诊治

犬洋葱中毒是犬采食了洋葱或含洋葱的熟食所引起的一种中毒现象。洋葱中含有N-正丙基二硫化物(N-propyldisulphide)或硫化丙烯,该物质可氧化血红蛋白,形成海恩茨氏小体,破坏红细胞,引发急性溶血。犬洋葱中毒临床表现为血红蛋白尿、呕吐、腹泻、精神沉郁、心悸等。,临床上可通过询问病史,临床检查,实验室检验等方法进行诊断。本文就一例灵狐犬洋葱中毒病的确诊和治疗进行了分析,认为对犬洋葱中毒病在准确诊断的基础上,采用解毒、保肝、改善贫血等综合治疗能够取得较好治愈效果。     

两例犬洋葱中毒的诊治

犬在采食一定量的洋葱后可能会出现中毒表现,即发生溶血性贫血。笔者在2014年9月上旬连续接诊2例犬疑似中毒病例,经过病情问诊、临床检查、实验室检查后诊断为洋葱中毒。通过抗氧化药物治疗和相应的支持治法,使患犬得以痊愈。     

不同治疗方法对试验性犬洋葱中毒血液指标的影响

正为了探讨犬洋葱中毒最佳治疗方法,本试验通过给16头健康犬喂食洋葱建立洋葱中毒疾病模型,并随机均分成4组:输血治疗组、西药治疗组、中药治疗组和阳性对照组。结果发现,输血治疗组的血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞数(RBC)及红细胞压积(HCT)升高明显,高于其他两个试验组(P0.05),与阳性对照比较差异显著(P0.01)。表明输血治疗的疗效最佳,有助于为临床上今后治疗该病提供充足的数据支持。     

犬洋葱中毒的诊治体会

摘要：犬洋葱中毒主要病因是采食了洋葱和葱汁的熟食可发生中毒。洋葱中含有正丙基二硫化物,它可氧化血红蛋白造成红细胞的破坏,引起溶血性贫血。临床表现为血红蛋白尿。采用解毒、保肝、改善贫血等综合治疗毒取得了较好疗效。     

洋姜治疗仔猪贫血的试验研究

本研究以洋姜治疗仔猪贫血,通过检测血清铁、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、转铁蛋白、网织红细胞数等指标的变化,验证该药对仔猪贫血的治疗效果。结果表明,饲喂洋姜7d后,试验组中血清铁和红细胞压积显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验组血红蛋白、转铁蛋白浓度与对照组相比,差异极显著(P0.01)。饲喂15d后,试验组仔猪血清铁、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、转铁蛋白浓度与对照组相比,差异极显著(P0.01)。而试验期内2组间网织红细胞数差异均不显著(P0.05)。说明洋姜能显著提高血液中铁离子、血红蛋白水平,有效增加转铁蛋白饱和度,对治疗仔猪贫血具有较好的效果。     

犬附红细胞体病例分析

采用鲜血压滴标本法结合末梢血液涂片染色法,检测120只犬感染附红细胞体的情况,结果显示80只犬呈阳性感染,阳性率为66%。对其中30只发病症状明显的阳性患犬进行血液生理指标测定,患犬表现出不同程度的红细胞总数、红细胞压积、血红蛋白下降;总胆红素、谷丙转氨酶与谷草转氨酶升高。患犬发病时以高热、贫血、黄疸为主要症状,部分患犬继发消化道或呼吸道症状。     

一例犬黄曲霉毒素中毒病例的诊断报告

采用流行病学调查、临床基本诊断方法、血液检查、病例解剖及毒物分析的方法,对江西省九江市某犬场杜宾犬中毒的病例进行诊断与分析.结果显示:中毒犬白细胞升高,红细胞降低,红细胞压积降低,谷丙转氨酶升高,谷草转氨酶升高,白蛋白、总蛋白降低,总胆红素升高,肝脏、脾脏肿大,胃肠黏膜出血,黄曲霉毒素检测阳性.依此诊断该犬场发生的中毒是由于黄曲霉毒素引起肝脏损伤的黄曲霉毒素急性中毒.     

一例犬原发性红细胞增多症的诊治

为救治1条癫痫发作比格犬,对患病犬通过临床观察、实验室检测,进行诊断;通过放血及给药进行治疗。临床观察发现：患病犬共济失调,精神沉郁,多饮多尿,可视黏膜发红。实验室检测结果显示：患病犬红细胞压积升高,为62.5%。结合临床症状及实验室检测结果,诊断该犬患原发性红细胞增多症。对该犬行4次静脉放血(每次200 mL),长期口服羟基脲(7.5～15.0 mg/kg体重,1次/d)药物治疗;6个月内随访复查,患病犬的红细胞压积与网织红细胞数维持在正常范围内,除走路仍有轻微共济失调外无其他神经症状;治疗效果良好。     

犬洋葱中毒的诊治

洋葱属于百合科,葱属,对人类无害,但犬猫采食后易引起中毒,犬发病较多,猫少见。1930年,Sebrell首次发现了洋葱可导致犬贫血。1931年,Grauhzit证明了洋葱所致贫血属溶血性贫血。我国1998年首次报道了犬洋葱中毒。国内文献记载的犬洋葱中毒剂量为15～20g/kg体重。随着宠物行业的兴起,家庭养犬数量的急剧增加,洋葱中毒病例逐渐增多。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …