陕北白绒山羊10月龄母羊发情周期血清激素分泌规律的研究

本实验旨在分析陕北白绒山羊10月龄母羊发情周期内卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)和孕酮(P_4)的含量变化规律,为研究幼龄陕北白绒山羊母羊的繁殖性能和生殖激素的调控提供理论依据。在一个发情周期内,连续20 d每天对8只10月龄陕北白绒山羊母羊进行颈静脉采血(母羊出现发情表现记为发情第0天);在发情期当天和发情间期第5天,从08:00开始,每间隔15 min连续采血3 h,分离血清,用酶联免疫测定法(ELISA)测定发情期、间情期和发情周期血清中FSH、LH、E_2和P_4的含量。结果表明:在发情期和间情期连续3 h内,FSH、LH、E_2和P_4均呈波动式分泌,FSH发情期比间情期波动频率快。LH发情期较间情期的波动频率低;在发情期血清内E_2含量较间情期高(P0.05);间情期血清内P4含量显著高于发情期(P0.05);在测定的20 d内,FSH、LH、E2血清中浓度值差异不显著(P0.05),而P4浓度在发情当日和发情次日低于发情间期(P0.05)。     

孕酮阴道栓法山羊同期发情及其影响因素的研究

试验将自然状态下2～4岁健壮、经产、空怀母羊346只分4组(A组84只、B组68只、C组134只、D组60只),用孕酮阴道栓处理10～14天进行同期发情,其中A组取栓后直接观察发情情况,B组、C组和D组取栓后分别注射FSH25 u、PGF2α0.05～0.1 mg和FSH25 u+PGF2α0.05 mg.处理后2～4天用试情公羊鉴定母羊发情情况,记录发情羊号、出现发情的时间和发情持续时间.发情结束后剖检部分山羊(A组7只,B组9只,C组15只,D组8只),检查卵巢黄体与卵泡发育以及排卵点情况.结果表明A组发情率为48.80%,在4组中最低(P＜0.01);B组和C组分别为75.00%和84.33%,差异不显著(P＞0.05);D组发情率最高,为96.67%,显著高于A组(P＜0.01)与B组(P＜0.05),与C组差异不明显(P＞0.05).A、C组从取栓到出现发情时间分别为50.34 h±18.24 h、45.77 h±17.53 h,显著晚于B组的30.18 h±15.25 h和D组的26.34 h±10.20 h(P＜0.01).4组发情持续的时间分别为34.54 h±12.06 h、36.71 h±10.84 h、37.38 h±12.18 h和36.41 h±10.87 h,没有显著差异(P＞0.05).A、B、C和D组中剖检山羊的85.71%、88.89%、80.00%和100.00%出现排卵点(或新生黄体).     

不同能量水平饲粮对云上黑山羊泌乳期繁殖激素的影响

试验研究了饲粮能量对羊繁殖激素的影响。选择60只云上黑山羊哺乳母羊,分为3组,分别饲喂3个不同能量水平饲粮。每个组随机选择5只母羊,在母羊产羔后第1、7、14、21、28、42 d采血。同时在这15只母羊发情时连续间隔12 h采血3次,测定血清促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)和催乳素(PRL)浓度。结果表明,第21 d中水平组FSH和LH浓度最高(P0.01);第1 d高水平组E2浓度高于中水平组(P0.05);第21 d,中水平组E2浓度高于高水平组(P0.01);发情12 h内高水平组E2浓度最高(P0.05);第42 d中水平组P浓度高于低水平组(P0.05);第28 d中水平组PRL浓度最高(P0.05);发情36 h低水平组PRL浓度最高(P0.01)。研究发现,饲粮能量水平对云上黑山羊泌乳期及泌乳期发情阶段的生殖激素没有显著影响,仅得到了云上黑山羊母羊繁殖激素的基础数据。     

日粮能量、蛋白水平对燕山绒山羊育成母羊生长及生殖的影响

该文旨在研究日粮能量和蛋白质水平对燕山绒山羊育成母羊生长、生殖激素分泌及诱导发情效果的影响。(1)日粮能量水平试验:42只6月龄左右的母羊随机均分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(DCP 9.5%,ME分别为9、10、11 MJ/kg);(2)日粮蛋白质水平试验:42只6月龄左右的母羊随机均分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(ME 10 MJ/kg,DCP分别为8.5%、9.5%、10.5%)。上述能量和蛋白质水平对母羊生长、生殖激素分泌影响试验均为40 d。试验期间每天记录采食量,20 d称重一次,分别于试验第0、20、30和40天采集血样检测相关生殖激素,40 d后采用CRID+FSH法对试验羊进行诱导发情处理。结果表明:(1)随日粮能量水平增加,母羊体增重、采食量提高,料重比降低(P0.05);各组E2、FSH、LH及发情率无差异;第30天Ⅱ组P_4高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),第40天Ⅲ组低于Ⅰ组(P0.05);(2)日粮蛋白质水平对母羊体增重,P_4、E_2、FSH、LH及发情无影响;各组采食量、料重比差异显著(P0.05)。研究表明,日粮能量和蛋白水平对母羊生殖激素分泌和诱导发情效果无影响,日粮DCP、ME为9.5%、11 MJ/kg时生长性能最佳。     

产后乏情奶牛血浆生化参数的变化

在某一集约化牛场通过跟踪检测发情和乏情奶牛(每组15头)产后45 d、55 d、65 d、75 d和85 d血浆中内分泌指标促黄体素(LH)、促卵泡素(FSH)、孕酮(P_4)、雌二醇(E_2)、催乳素(PRL)和代谢指标(GLU、NEFA、BHBA、BUN),结果显示,乏情奶牛产后血浆CLU浓度低于发情奶牛,而NEFA浓度却高于发情奶牛,并且差异显著;发情组奶牛血浆中LH、FSH和E_2的含量均显著高于乏情组;乏情奶牛血浆呈现低BUN浓度、低Glu浓度和高NEFA浓度的生化特征。结论是产后奶牛能量负平衡是造成奶牛产后乏情的主要原因。奶牛生殖激素分泌量不足、分泌模式紊乱及缺乏峰值是导致奶牛发情时间间隔延长及乏情的直接原因     

乏情季节诱导山羊同期发情的研究

通过对云阳县栖霞乡放牧 +舍饲条件下的经产母羊 3组 (A组 40只、B组 3 1只、C组 18只 )共 89只分别用孕激素阴道栓同期发情处理 10天 ,其中A组取栓后直接观察发情情况、B和C组取栓后分别注射PGF2α 0 0 5mg/只和 0 1mg/只。结果表明 :A组 2～ 4天内同期发情率为 42 5 0 % ;B组同期发情率为 67 74% ,48小时有羊只发情高峰 ;C组同期发情率为83 3 3 %。取栓至开始发情时间A组明显长于B组和C组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;平均发情持续时间短于B、C组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ) ,B、C组之间差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。     

3种处理方法诱导柯尔克孜羊同期发情的效果

为了进一步提高在高寒牧区柯尔克孜羊的繁殖率,试验选择180只处于非繁殖季节的空怀母羊,随机分为A组(n=60)、B组(n=60)、C组(n=60)。A组采用2次氯前列烯醇(PG)方法,B组采用孕酮阴道栓(CIDR)+孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)方法,C组采用CIDR+PMSG+PG方法。观察第一情期的发情情况及发情后卵巢状态,统计同期发情率、受胎率、产羔率。结果表明:C组同期发情率为85.0%高于A组(68.3%)、B组(71.7%),且差异显著(P0.05),A组、B组之间差异不显著(P0.05);C组处理后发情母羊的卵巢状态明显优于A组、B组,而且C组受胎率为88.2%高于A组(73.2%)、B组(74.4%),且差异显著(P0.05),A组、B组之间差异不显著(P0.05);A组、B组、C组产羔率分别为93.3%、96.9%、95.6%,且差异不显著(P0.05)。在高寒牧区采用CIDR+PMSG+PG方法对处于非繁殖季节的柯尔克孜羊进行处理后取得了最好的同期发情率、受胎率及产羔率。     

萨能奶山羊同期发情与定时输精方法探究

为探究适合萨能奶山羊的同期发情与定时输精技术,本实验分别在过渡时期(7月)和繁殖季节(11月)埋置阴道海绵栓15 d,撤栓时注射eCG 330 IU对奶山羊进行同期发情处理.实验母羊分为5组,A组为繁殖季节的青年羊(nA=1100),B、C组分别为过渡时期的青年羊(nB=245)和经产母羊(nC=259),D、E组分别...     

饲粮中添加α-亚麻酸对母羊发情周期内生殖激素的影响

为了探讨饲粮中添加α-亚麻酸对母羊发情周期内生殖激素的影响,试验将体重相近、体况良好的2～3岁蒙古羊20只随机分为2组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加3%α-亚麻酸。试验期为50 d,其中预试期5 d、正试期45 d。在预试期5 d后给每只母羊肌内注射1 mL氯前列腺烯醇(PG),隔8 d再注射PG1 mL;6 d后给每只羊安装阴道栓,11 d后撤阴道栓并肌内注射孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)400 IU。每组随机选取6只母羊,在撤栓前1天及发情周期第1,10,20天采血,分离血清,并用放射免疫分析法测定血清雌激素(E₂)、孕酮(P)、黄体素(LH)和促卵泡素(FSH)含量。结果表明：(1)与对照组相比,母羊血清E₂、P、LH和FSH含量在撤栓前1天及发情周期第1,10,20天的4个时间点均显著提高(P<0.05)。(2)在发情周期内,母羊血清E₂含量在发情初期最高(P<0.05),P含量在发情周期第10天左右进入高位(P<0.05),血清LH和FSH含量也是发情初期高、而后进入下降态势(P...     

绒山羊不同季节同期发情处理效果分析

将99只辽宁绒山羊分2批、4组,于春、秋两季进行同期发情试验。在秋季采用A组CIDR+PMSG+PG(埋栓14 d)和B组CIDR+PG(埋栓14 d),春季采用C组CIDR+PMSG+PG(埋栓19 d)和D组CIDR+PMSG(埋栓19 d)。结果表明:①秋季撤栓前加注250 u PMSG,同期发情率极明显高于单注PG组(P<0.01),且发情集中在撤栓后的0～24 h。②春季撤栓时加注PG,可显著提高发情率(P<0.01)。③用同一组激素处理,秋季与春季的同期发情率差异显著(P<0.05)。两季节假发情率春季高于秋季,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

母犬的异常发情

受生理、营养、疾病、年龄等因素影响,母犬往往会异常发情。如不能及时发现,将会延误配种。现将母犬常见的几种异常发情的原因及防治措施介绍如下：     

Resynchronization of estrus in beef cattle: ovarian function, estrus and fertility following progestin treatment and treatments to synchronize ovarian follicular development and estrus

The objective was to optimize rebreeding of nonpregnant, previously inseminated beef cattle. In Experiment 1, 43 cows received a used intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert (IVPRI; Days 0-7) 12.3 d after ovulation and received concurrently no treatment, 100 microg gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), 1 mg estradiol cypionate (ECP), or 150 mg progesterone. Emergence of a new ovarian follicular wave was most synchronous (P < 0.0001) in the GnRH group. In Experiment 2, 675 heifers were given GnRH or no treatment on Day 0, fed melengestrol acetate (MGA; 0.5 mg/head/d) from Days 0-5 (Day 0 = 13-14 d after timed insemination; TAI), given 0.5 mg ECP or nothing on Day 7, and reinseminated 6-12 h after onset of estrus. Estrus was more synchronous (P < 0.05) in heifers given GnRH versus no treatment on Day 0. In Experiment 3, 317 TAI heifers were resynchronized with either MGA or a used IVPRI with or without ECP on Day 7; estrus was more synchronous (P < 0.05) and pregnancy rates were higher (54.1% versus 39.2%, P < 0.05) in heifers given a used IVPRI than those fed MGA. For resynchronization of heifers, pregnancy rates were not significantly improved with GnRH treatment, but were higher with a used IVPRI than with MGA.     

澳大利亚荷斯坦奶牛在新疆自然发情与同期发情超排结果的比较

牛胚胎移植技术70年代已在国外开始商业化应用,并且规模不断扩大。我国开展此项研究虽有20余年的时间,但在90年代中期以前,生产中应用的规模小,技术推广进展缓慢,其中一个主要限制因素就是胚胎来源问题。为了探索解决胚胎来源的有效途径,我们对自然发情牛和同期发情牛进行超排,将其结果进行对比,结果报告如下。1材料和方法1.1试验时间:2002年11月25日至2003年1月19日,其中11月25日至1月19日为试验组饲养管理观察期,记录两组牛的发情情况。1.2试验地点:新疆金牛股份有限公司牛场。1.3供体母牛由澳大利亚进口。我们在两个月间进行供体牛超数排…     

Nonpuberal estrus in beef heifers

The frequency of occurrence of behavioral estrus without subsequent development of functional luteal tissue (termed nonpuberal estrus, NPE), was determined in 43 Simmental X Hereford-Brahman heifers. Blood samples were collected weekly from the start of the study to first behavioral estrus and then daily from d 1 (d 0 = estrus) through d 14 following first and subsequently observed estrous behaviors. All blood samples were analyzed for serum progesterone (P4) concentrations by radioimmunoassay. More heifers (62.8%) exhibited NPE than had luteal development after their first behavioral estrus (37.2%). There was a tendency for fewer light-weight heifers (less than or equal to 240 kg at the start of the experiment) to exhibit a puberal first estrus compared with the heavy-weight (greater than 240 kg at the start of the experiment) heifers (31.2% vs 68.8%, respectively; P = .12). Heifers that had a puberal first estrus were older (376 +/- 12 d vs 334 +/- 9 d, P less than .05) compared with heifers that had NPE. Weight at first behavioral estrus was similar between heifers that had a puberal first estrus and those that had NPE (298 +/- 8 kg and 289 +/- 6 kg, respectively). More heifers that had a puberal first estrus also had an elevation in serum P4 concentrations before that first estrus (64.3% vs 20.0%, P less than .05), and the serum P4 elevation was greater (2.5 +/- .4 ng vs 1.2 +/- .1 ng, P less than .05) than heifers that had NPE. We have concluded from these results that NPE is a common occurrence in heifers approaching puberty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Induction of estrus in greyhound bitches with prolonged idiopathic anestrus or with suppression of estrus after testosterone administration

Twelve anestrous adult Greyhound bitches were used to study a regimen for induction of estrus. Once daily, 7 bitches were given diethylstilbestrol (DES; 5 mg, PO) until sanguineous vaginal discharge and vulvar edema were observed (designated as day 1 of proestrus) and for 2 days thereafter. If no response was elicited after 7 days, a doubled DES dose was given for up to an additional 7 days. Luteinizing hormone (5 mg, IM) was given on day 5 of proestrus, and follicle-stimulating hormone (10 mg, IM) was given on days 9 and 11 of proestrus. Bitches were bred once on day 13. Five bitches were used as a control group; they were given candy tablets for 7 days (first day on tablets, treatment day 1) and 0.9% NaCl (1.0 ml, IM) on treatment days 12, 16, and 18. The 7 bitches treated with DES had a mean proestrus period of 7.7 days and a mean estrus period of 5.7 days up to the day of mating. After mating, they had a mean gestation interval of 64 days and delivered a mean of 4 pups/litter. In 5 bitches, initial treatment with 5 mg of DES/day induced proestrus within 7 days; however, in 2 bitches, additional treatment with 10 mg of DES/day was needed for 5 and 6 days, respectively. Serum estradiol-17 beta and progesterone concentrations remained at base line during the period of DES treatment. Concentrations of both hormones increased after injection with luteinizing hormone and remained high for the next 4 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Synchronization of estrus in heifers with BOVISYNCHRON

Heifers were each given 2ml of 1% solution of chlormadinone (CAP, Bovisynchron) for 15 days. Those in group I received one daily dose, while group II received half the dose twice a day. Oestrus was synchronized in all but two heifers. In group II there was a concentrated occurrence of oestrus, so that all heifers could be inseminated on the 5th and 6th days, and earlier inseminations were not needed. This decreased the time required and the number of semen pellets. Results of insemination in two of the three subgroups of group II were 51% in one and 61% in the other, compared with between 32 and 39% in the other subgroup and in group I. Ways of improving the results are discussed.