燕山绒山羊泌乳期诱导发情效果分析

随着绒山羊规模化、集约化、产业化发展及限牧禁牧政策的实施,舍饲半舍饲养殖方式逐渐取代传统放牧饲养,一年一产、一胎一羔、母羊零星发情配种现象已经不能满足生产要求,不仅繁殖效率低,而且耗费更多的人力和物力资源,大大增加了养殖管理成本,因此采取诱导发情技术,使非繁殖季节的母羊、产后因泌乳不发情的母羊能够正常发情排卵,提高母羊的利用率,是目前提高养殖效益的重要技术措施。为此本试验利用孕酮栓加卵泡刺激素(FSH)方法,对燕山绒山羊母羊进饰导发情,使哺乳期母羊发情排卵,提高母羊的繁殖效率。     

非繁殖季节诱导波尔山羊同期发情试验

将69只断奶后处于季节性不发情的波尔山羊分为2组，统一使用自制海绵含有黄体酮40mg的阴道栓，埋植14d撤栓，结合FSGH100IU或同时肌注ICI1ml。结果表明：两组在1－3d同期发情率分别为100％和96.8%，总受胎率分别为47.3%和22.5%,总产羔率为192％。     

乏情季节诱导山羊同期发情的研究

通过对云阳县栖霞乡放牧 +舍饲条件下的经产母羊 3组 (A组 40只、B组 3 1只、C组 18只 )共 89只分别用孕激素阴道栓同期发情处理 10天 ,其中A组取栓后直接观察发情情况、B和C组取栓后分别注射PGF2α 0 0 5mg/只和 0 1mg/只。结果表明 :A组 2～ 4天内同期发情率为 42 5 0 % ;B组同期发情率为 67 74% ,48小时有羊只发情高峰 ;C组同期发情率为83 3 3 %。取栓至开始发情时间A组明显长于B组和C组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;平均发情持续时间短于B、C组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ) ,B、C组之间差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。     

自制氟孕酮阴道海绵栓诱导绵羊同期发情

本试验利用自制氟孕酮(FGA)阴道海绵栓对东北半细毛羊进行非繁殖季节诱导发情试验,并取得了良好的效果。试验一:将供试的73只东北半细毛羊分成3组,分别接受30mg、40mg、50mg氟孕酮(FGA)阴道栓处理。结果表明,30mg、40mg、50mg氟孕酮(FGA)诱导发情处理分别对应的发情率为78.79%、60.00%、65.00%,分别对应的可移植率为69.70%、70.00%、70.00%。试验二:将供试的73只东北半细毛羊分成3组,以含30mgFGA的阴道栓埋植处理,注射PMSG时间分别在撤栓前48h、24h以及撤栓同时,结果发情率分别为:52.63%、78.79%、85.71%,分别对应的可移植率为57.89%、72.73%、90.48%。     

不同阴道栓处理山羊同期发情效果的研究

将贵州省石阡县放牧 舍饲条件下的经产母羊四组（I组40只、Ⅱ组13只、Ⅲ组16只、Ⅳ组8只）共77只分别用孕激素阴道栓同期发情处理10-14d，其中I组取栓后直接观察发情情况，Ⅱ、Ⅲ和IV组取栓后分别注射FSH25IU、PGF2α0.05mg和FSH25IU PGF2α0.05mg。结果表明，取栓后2-7d内四组发情率分别为42.5%（17/40）、92.31%(12/13)、93.75%(15/16)、100%（8/8）。羊只发情率I、Ⅱ组以取栓后48h、Ⅲ组以72h、IV组以24h为最高，分别为总发情羊只的58.82%、75.00%、100%和100%；取栓后24-96h中以I组同期发情率最低，为总发情羊只的88.24%；Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组同为100%。每只发情羊的药品费用以I组最低，为1.18元；IV组最高，为3.50元；Ⅱ组为1.89元，且同期发情效果好，操作简单安全，可以推广应用。     

氯前列烯醇对山羊人工流产、诱导发情及同期发情效果的研究

观察合肥市蜀山地区黄淮白山羊的发情周期，并用前列腺素制剂氯前列烯醇对其进行人工流产、诱导发情及同期发情处理，结果显示蜀山地区的黄淮白山羊的发情周期平均为22d，氯前列烯醇处理后对人工流产，诱导发情及同期发情的效率分别为100%、79.5%、72.7%。     

18—甲基炔诺酮阴道栓诱导关中奶山羊发情试验

1 前言早在60年代初期,国外就对孕激素海绵栓诱导母畜同期发情进行了大量试验,并广泛应用于牛、羊、猪的繁殖控制。国内利用孕激素阴道海绵栓或配合促性腺激素进行家畜诱导发情的试验起步较晚,报道也较少,尤其未见到在山羊上试验的正式报道。     

不同处理方法对山羊同期发情效果研究

利用氯前列烯醇（PG）、孕酮栓对山羊进行同期发情处理，0－72小时同期发情率平均为88．0％，其中PGF2a组为88．9％，孕酮栓组为87．5％，PG组与孕酮栓组无显著差异（P＞0．05）；处理羊发情时间，PG组主要集中于注射后的24－48小时，发情率为80．6％，孕酮栓组主要集中于撤栓后的0－48小时，发情率为84．7％；孕酮栓处理方法对处于非繁殖季节和繁殖季节的羊均可获得很好的同期效果，而PG处理方法只对处于繁殖季节的羊有效。     

在夏季应用氯前列烯醇诱导流产山羊发情的研究

选择2～5岁繁殖正常、体况中等的黄淮山羊空怀母羊10只为对照组,妊娠60 d母羊4只注射己烯雌酚流产后3～5 d为试验组,应用氯前列烯醇诱导发情。结果表明,试验组羊雌二醇、孕酮1～9d均呈上升趋势;9d雌二醇与1d比较呈显著性差异(P<0.05);而4d孕酮高于1d和14d,呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。在整个试验期,试验组孕酮含量均低于对照组(P>0.05)。PGc二次处理试验组96 h内发情率50％,均为异常发情。综合分析认为,夏季母羊流产后12～14d卵巢出现产后首次卵泡波,流产早期不适合诱导发情。     

生殖激素诱导乏情母猪发情的效果

母猪乏情是集约化猪场的常见问题,尤其是饲养瘦肉型品种猪和采用超早期断奶的猪场,从而给养猪生产带来了严重影响。目前,解决这一问题的常见方式是采用生殖激素人工诱导母猪再次发情。基于此,笔者采用氯前列醇钠等3种生殖激素对乏情大约克母猪进行了对比试验,结果如下。     

Effects of tryptophan supplementation on cashmere fiber characteristics, serum tryptophan, and related hormone concentrations in cashmere goats

This study was designed to investigate the effects of tryptophan (Trp) supplementation on cashmere fiber characteristics and on serum Trp, melatonin (MEL), prolactin (PRL), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), triiodothyronine (T(3)), and thyroxine (T(4)) concentrations in cashmere goats during the cashmere fast-growth period. Thirty-six Liaoning cashmere wether goats were stratified on the basis of body weight (28 ± 0.8 kg) and assigned randomly to 1 of the following 4 rumen-protected Trp treatments: 0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 g per goat per day. The experimental period lasted 137 d. Blood samples were collected monthly during the daytime (8:00 AM) and at night (8:00 PM). Tryptophan supplementation improved cashmere growth rates, cashmere weight, and body weight (P = 0.001) and increased serum Trp levels, nighttime MEL concentrations, IGF-1, and T(3) and T(4) concentrations (P < 0.05). Across the treatments and sampling months, a highly positive correlation between cashmere growth rate and nighttime serum MEL concentrations was observed (r = 0.879, P = 0.001). A moderately negative correlation between cashmere growth rates and serum PRL concentrations during the day and at night (r(day) = -0.645, P = 0.007; r(night) = -0.583, P = 0.018) was observed. A moderately positive correlation between the cashmere growth rate and the daytime serum IGF-1 concentration (r = 0.536, P = 0.032) was observed, and no correlation was found between the cashmere growth rate and the other serum hormone concentrations. These data indicate that changes in serum concentrations of MEL, IGF-1, and PRL are related to cashmere growth in Liaoning cashmere goats during the cashmere fast-growth period. Under the experimental conditions of the current trial, we suggest that Trp may promote cashmere growth by increasing daytime IGF-1 and nighttime MEL secretion.     

HMBi对生绒期辽宁绒山羊氮、硫代谢的影响

试验研究不同水平HMBi对生绒期辽宁绒山羊氮、硫代谢的影响。采用4×4拉丁方设计,选择4只辽宁绒山羊羯羊为试验动物,配制HMBi水平为0%(对照日粮)、0.85%(试验日粮A)、1.27%(试验日粮B)、1.70%(试验日粮C)的4种日粮,试验分4个时期进行。试验期每日收集粪、尿,测定其中的氮、硫。试验结果显示,生绒期辽宁绒山羊日粮中添加HMBi能显著减少粪氮和尿氮,增加沉积氮和可消化氮(P<0.05);添加HMBi粪硫和尿硫显著增加,但可消化硫、沉积硫亦显著增加(P<0.05);添加HMBi能显著提高氮、硫的表观消化率、总利用率及生物学价值(P<0.05)。综合分析认为,生绒期辽宁绒山羊日粮中HMBi的适宜添加量为1.27%。     

绒山羊非生绒期日粮铜水平对纤维降解率的影响

国内外对山羊营养的研究主要集中在能量和蛋白质(包括氨基酸)上,而对矿物质元素研究很少。国际上对山羊矿物质营养的研究远落后于牛和绵羊,山羊矿物质元素供给量大都借鉴了牛和绵羊的资料。铜是动物一种必需矿物元素,参与造血、骨骼构成、被毛色素的沉着和脑细胞及脊髓的质化,并且是多种酶的组成成分和激活剂。日粮中铜供给不足或缺乏时,会使毛色变浅、毛质下降。此外,铜对于维持反刍动物瘤胃微生物区系也是必需的。本试验的目的是通过研究日粮不同的铜添加水平对绒山羊日粮纤维降解率的影响,确定绒山羊日粮铜的适宜添加水平,为进一步研究该…     

Protected fatty acid supplementation during estrus synchronization treatment on reproductive parameters of dairy goats

This study evaluated the effect of the protected fatty acid inclusion during estrus synchronization on reproductive parameters. Goats (n = 32) received progestagen sponges for 6 days and 200 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin and 30 µg d‐cloprostenol were given on Day 5. No difference was found among control (C), 1% protected fatty acid inclusion (C + 1%) or 4% protected fatty acid inclusion (C + 4%) groups, respectively, in estrus (100.0, 100.0 or 90.9%), estrus duration (31.6 ± 12.3; 43.2 ± 12.9 or 40.8 ± 14.1 h), animals ovulating (100.0, 90.0 or 100.0%) or ovulation rate (1.3 ± 0.5; 1.1 ± 0.3 or 1.2 ± 0.4). The interval from sponge removal to ovulation and from estrus to ovulation, respectively, were shorter for C + 4% (45.2 ± 8.0 h; 18.3 ± 11.0 h) compared with C (56.3 ± 12.6 h; 30.6 ± 10.5 h) or C + 1% (57.7 ± 8.7 h; 30.3 ± 11.1 h). The average ovulatory follicle diameter was smaller for C + 4% (6.2 ± 0.7 mm) than C (7.5 ± 0.8 mm), but similar to C + 1% (7.0 ± 1.5 mm). Insulin, insulin‐like growth factor 1, glucose and progesterone concentrations were similar among groups. The inclusion of protected fatty acid during synchronization treatment promoted no benefits on ovulation rate, but 4% anticipated the ovulation time.     

Luteinizing hormone and progesterone concentrations and induction of estrus after use of norgestomet ear implants or constant infusion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in anestrous, nonlactating dairy goats

Plasma luteinizing hormone and progesterone concentrations, time to onset of estrus, and pregnancy rates were determined in nonlactating anestrous does given 1 of 4 treatments: subcutaneous ear implants containing 3 mg of norgestomet for 9 days (NOR; n = 6); subcutaneous administration, using osmotic minipumps, of 250 ng of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/h for 48 hours (GnRH; n = 6); 3 mg of NOR for 9 days, followed immediately by 250 ng of GnRH/h for 48 hours (NOR + GnRH; n = 6); or no treatment (control; n = 6). During the 72-hour period after removal of NOR or insertion of GnRH pumps, 6 of 6, 0 of 6, 6 of 6, and 3 of 6 does were observed in estrus at a mean (+/- 13.8) hours in groups NOR, GnRH, NOR + GnRH, and control, respectively. Time from end of treatment to peak concentrations of luteinizing hormone were 56 +/- 4.0, 28 +/- 4.7, 34 +/- 4.3, and 41 +/- 9.7 hours (mean +/- SE) for NOR, GnRH, NOR +/- GnRH, and control, respectively. Peak concentrations of luteinizing hormone were significantly greater and occurred significantly later in does given NOR. Progesterone concentrations in does that became pregnant increased to concentrations greater than or equal to 1.0 ng/ml 3 to 5 days after breeding and remained high. Functional corpora lutea (CL) was found in 6 does that did not become pregnant, 1 CL was associated with pseudopregnancy and 1 CL was associated with ovulation prior to placement of the GnRH pumps. Functional CL failed to form in 10 of the 12 doses in groups GnRH and control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

不同硫水平日粮对辽宁绒山羊生绒期氮硫代谢的影响

选用4只装有瘤胃和十二指肠近端瘘管的2周岁辽宁绒山羊羯羊,按4×4拉丁方设计,系统研究了4种不同日粮硫水平(0.11%、0.17%、0.23%、0.29%)对生绒期绒山羊氮硫代谢影响.结果表明:0.23%硫水平日粮的进食氮、可消化氮、沉积氮、氮的表观消化率均显著高于0.11%、0.17%和0.29%硫水平日粮(P＜0.05);0.17%、0.23%、0.29%硫水平日粮的进食硫、可消化硫、沉积硫均显著高于0.11%硫水平日粮(P＜0.05).因此本试验认为0.23%(N:S为7.39:1)为辽宁绒山羊生绒期日粮最适硫水平.     

Effects of melatonin implantation on cashmere yield,fibre characteristics,duration of cashmere growth as well as growth and reproductive performance of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats

Background

Exogenous melatonin could induce cashmere growth. However, induced growth of cashmere fleece by melatonin implants cannot be combined with the typical growth, resulting in earlier shedding followed by another cycle of cashmere growth. To address this issue, we examine the effects on the cashmere yield, fibre characteristics, and the growth and reproductive performance of cashmere goats of planned administration of melatonin.

Methods

Eighteen half-sib, female goats were assigned to two treatments (n = 9) including a control and a treatment where melatonin (2 mg/kg BW) was implanted at the end of April and end of June. Cashmere growth and shedding were observed for approximately 1 year following implantation. Fibre samples were collected monthly to determine cumulative cashmere length. Initiation and cessation dates for cashmere growth as well as the rate of cashmere growth were calculated. Cashmere yield, weight gain of dam, kidding date, litter size, and birth weight were also recorded.

Results

Melatonin implantation increased cashmere yield by 34.5 % (control 553.7 g vs. melatonin 745.0 g; P < 0.01), cashmere length by 21.3 % (control 95.2 mm vs. melatonin 115.4 mm; P < 0.01), and decreased fibre diameter by 4.4 % (control 14.6 μm vs. melatonin 14.0 μm; P < 0.03). In melatonin-treated goats, the average initiation date was earlier than in control goats (May 18, 2013 vs. July 2, 2013; P < 0.01) but there was a similar cessation date (March 22, 2014 vs. March 27, 2014). Consequently, the duration of cashmere growth was longer in melatonin-treated goats than in control goats (307 vs.270 days; P < 0.01). The final BW, average daily gain, kidding date, litter size, and birth weight were not influenced by melatonin implantation.

Conclusions

These data indicate that melatonin implantation (2 mg/kg BW) on two occasions (late April and June) increased cashmere yield by combining the induced growth of cashmere fleece with the typical growth and decreased the fibre diameter without changing dam growth rate or reproductive performance.     

成年发情期奶山羊下丘脑催产素及其mRNA的表达

应用免疫组织化学SP法和原位杂交法研究了催产素（oxytocin，OT）及OT mRNA在成年发情期奶山羊下丘脑中的分布和表达。结果，OT免疫反应阳性细胞主要分布在视上核和室旁核，在视上弥散核、弓状核、室周核和乳头体各核团也存在免疫阳性神经元；在室旁核、视上弥散核、正中隆起和第三脑室附近有较多数量的强阳性神经纤维，在交叉上核有少量阳性神经纤维。在下丘脑23个核团（区）中均能检测出OT mRNA的阳性细胞。结果表明，OT和OT mRNA在下丘脑中分布广泛，且OT可能通过轴突传递和血液运输，将OT mRNA合成的OT运送到别的核团；OT在奶山羊发情过程中发挥了重要作用。     

Effects of melatonin implantation on cashmere yield,fibre characteristics,duration of cashmere growth as well as growth and reproductive performance of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats

Background:Exogenous melatonin could induce cashmere growth.However,induced growth of cashmere fleece by melatonin implants cannot be combined with the typical growth,resulting in earlier shedding followed by another cycle of cashmere growth.To address this issue,we examine the effects on the cashmere yield,fibre characteristics,and the growth and reproductive performance of cashmere goats of planned administration of melatonin.Methods:Eighteen half-sib,female goats were assigned to two treatments(n = 9) including a control and a treatment where melatonin(2 mg/kg BW) was implanted at the end of April and end of June.Cashmere growth and shedding were observed for approximately 1 year following implantation.Fibre samples were collected monthly to determine cumulative cashmere length.Initiation and cessation dates for cashmere growth as well as the rate of cashmere growth were calculated.Cashmere yield,weight gain of dam,kidding date,litter size,and birth weight were also recorded.Results:Melatonin implantation increased cashmere yield by 34.5%(control 553.7 g vs.melatonin 745.0 g;P 0.01),cashmere length by 21.3%(control 95.2 mm vs.melatonin 115.4 mm;P 0.01),and decreased fibre diameter by 4.4%(control 14.6 μm vs.melatonin 14.0 μm;P 0.03).In melatonin-treated goats,the average initiation date was earlier than in control goats(May 18,2013 vs.July 2,2013;P 0.01) but there was a similar cessation date(March 22,2014 vs.March 27,2014).Consequently,the duration of cashmere growth was longer in melatonin-treated goats than in control goats(307 vs.270 days;P 0.01).The final BW,average daily gain,kidding date,litter size,and birth weight were not influenced by melatonin implantation.Conclusions:These data indicate that melatonin implantation(2 mg/kg BW) on two occasions(late April and June)increased cashmere yield by combining the induced growth of cashmere fleece with the typical growth and decreased the fibre diameter without changing dam growth rate or reproductive performance.     

高精料诱导的SARA对泌乳期山羊血液和瘤胃液中皮质醇的影响

选择7只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳中期山羊,2×2拉丁方设计,分别饲喂精粗比为6∶4和4∶6的饲料,通过饲喂精粗比6∶4饲料建立泌乳期山羊瘤胃亚急性酸中毒(subacute ruminal acidosis, SARA)模型,研究SARA时山羊血液和瘤胃液中皮质醇浓度、肝脏皮质醇受体(glucocorticoid receptor, GR)mRNA表达及其他相关指标的变化。结果表明,精粗比6∶4日粮饲喂2周后成功诱导SARA状态(SARA组),采食后瘤胃液pH值低于5.8持续时间约6 h,而精粗比为4∶6组山羊瘤胃液pH均高于6.0 (对照组)。高精料日粮处理对瘤胃pH和乳酸以及瘤胃液和血浆内的脂多糖、皮质醇浓度有显著性影响(P<0.05),采食前SARA组山羊瘤胃液中乳酸浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),采食后0~4 h乳酸含量下降,6~10 h时逐渐增加并极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);2组间瘤胃液中脂多糖浓度无显著性差异(P>0.05),SARA组血浆脂多糖浓度在采食前和采食后6 h均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);采食前SARA组山羊血液中皮质醇浓度高于对照组(P=0.05),但采食后6 h两组间无显著差异(P>0.05); 2组山羊瘤胃液中皮质醇浓度在采食后2,4和6 h分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但在采食前和采食后10 h无显著差异(P>0.05)。Real-time PCR结果显示,SARA组山羊肝脏中GR mRNA表达显著下调(P<0.05)。本研究结果显示,泌乳期山羊发生SARA时糖皮质激素水平升高,负反馈下调肝脏GR的表达水平,提示SARA时机体处于应激状态,可能引起肝脏的物质代谢和营养物质重分配的改变。