流动注射化学发光法测定茶叶对羟自由基的清除率

建立了Fe²⁺-H₂O₂-亚甲基蓝化学发光新体系,并用于茶叶对羟自由基（·OH）清除率的测定。实验发现,在酸性介质中,Fe²⁺和H₂O₂在线生成的·OH与亚甲基蓝反应能产生极强的化学发光,茶叶提取液可清除溶液中部分·OH,使化学发光强度降低。据此,结合流动注射技术,建立了测定茶叶对·OH清除率的化学发光新方法。对不同茶类的成茶及苦丁茶和绞股蓝茶清除·OH作用进行了比较研究,结果表明,绿茶对·OH的清除率最高,抗氧化活性最强。     

铝胁迫造成橡胶苗死亡的机制研究

铝毒是酸性土壤中抑制植物生长和产量的主要因子,但其对橡胶幼苗生长的影响研究甚少。本研究设置50、100、200 mmol/L 3种Al³⁺处理浓度,采用水培试验研究了铝胁迫下橡胶幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、叶片相对含水量、根系活力、根系导水率、H₂O₂和O₂^-含量变化。结果表明：叶片SPAD值、叶片相对含水量、根系活力、根系导水率随胁迫时间的延长而逐渐降低,H₂O₂和O₂^-含量则逐渐增加,且浓度越高对各个指标的影响越显著。铝毒害可造成根系活性氧（H₂O₂和O₂^-）的累积,进而造成根系活力和导水率下降,叶片SPAD值和相对含水量下降,最终导致橡胶幼苗死亡。     

亚精胺对盐胁迫下黄华占水稻幼苗根系抗氧化酶活性及Na+稳态的影响

以黄华占种子为材料，研究盐胁迫条件下，外源亚精胺(Spd)对水稻幼苗根系的生长、抗氧化酶活性、活性氧(ROS)代谢、丙二醛(MDA)以及Na⁺稳态的影响。结果表明，经100 mmol/L NaCl溶液处理水稻幼苗根系的ROS、·O₂^-、H₂O₂、Na⁺和MDA含量显著升高，过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著降低；在盐胁迫条件下，施用0.1 mmol/L Spd显著提高水稻幼苗根系的CAT和POD活性，显著降低ROS、·O₂^-、H₂O₂、Na⁺和MDA含量，从而减轻Na⁺毒害和过氧化造成的膜损伤，保护生物膜系统的稳定，维持细胞的稳态。     

黄金芽不同色泽叶片生理特性研究

为筛选用于黄金芽叶色黄化分子机理研究的适宜材料,采用双层遮荫（平均光强约10βklx）、单层遮荫（平均光强约40βklx）和不遮荫3种光照强度处理黄金芽春梢,获得嫩绿色（H_1W）、浅黄稍带绿色（H_4W）、明黄色（Hs）3种新梢,同时以福鼎大白绿色新梢（CK_f）为对照,选择芽下第二叶为材料,通过测定H₂O₂、O₂^-含量和组织化学定位、抗氧化物酶活性、光合响应曲线、叶绿素荧光等叶片生理指标,观测叶绿体膜系统结构。结果表明,浅黄稍带绿叶片H_4W的H₂O₂、O₂^-含量、Fv/Fm值和叶绿体膜系统情况与嫩绿色叶片H_1W相近,处于未受逆境胁迫的生理状态;同时浅黄叶片H_4W与明黄叶片Hs具有相似的黄化叶光合生理特性,两者在ΦPSⅡ、qP、光饱和点、光补偿点等叶绿素荧光参数和光合指标上差异不显著,光响应曲线特征相似。由于浅黄稍带绿叶片（H_4W）所具有的上述生理特点,推测其是探究黄金芽茶树品种黄化分子机理必不可少的研究材料。     

大豆异黄酮和皂苷对糖尿病大鼠脂蛋白氧化修饰的抑制作用

脂质过氧化和低密度脂蛋白的氧化修饰在动脉硬化的发生中起着极其重要的作用.大豆异黄酮和皂甙具有多种药理作用.为研究大豆异黄酮和皂甙对糖尿病大鼠血浆及脂蛋白脂质过氧化水平的影响和低密度脂蛋白氧化易感性的变化,从大豆胚轴提取大豆异黄酮和皂甙,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析其有效成分.给糖尿病大鼠饲喂添加100 g kg-1大豆异黄酮和皂甙的饲料20周,观察血浆脂蛋白过氧化脂质(LPO)含量及氧化易感性的变化.结果表明,饲喂大豆异黄酮和皂甙后糖尿病大鼠血总LPO、LDL及HDL-LPO明显减少;在体外进行氧化修饰时,LDL氧化延滞时间明显延长.说明大豆异黄酮和皂甙可降低脂蛋白过氧化程度和增强LDL抗氧化修饰能力,因此能够起到防治糖尿病及其并发症的积极作用.     

茶树新品种桂绿1号光合特性初步研究

采用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统对茶树新品种桂绿1号的光合-光响应曲线和光合日变化进行了测定分析。结果表明,在夏季晴天条件下,桂绿1号净光合速率（Pn）日变化呈单峰曲线,峰值出现在11:00,约为9.36βμmol·m^-2·s^-1;蒸腾速率（Tr）的日变化也为单峰曲线,但其最大值出现在15:00,约为4.06βmmol·m^-2·s^-1。该品种的光饱和点与光补偿点分别为354.60βμmol·m^-2·s^-1和7.13βμmol·m^-2·s^-1,表观量子效率（Φ）为0.088βmol·mol^-1。逐步多元回归分析表明,光合有效辐射和空气相对湿度是直接影响桂绿1号茶树净光合速率日变化的主要因子。该研究为桂绿1号的引种、速生丰产和制定栽培管理措施提供理论依据。     

壳聚糖处理对采后西番莲果实贮藏期间果皮活性氧代谢的影响

西番莲属于热带果实,采后西番莲果实容易腐烂变质,导致其保鲜期很短,限制了其商业价值。为探讨壳聚糖（卡多赞）处理对采后西番莲果实贮藏期间果皮活性氧代谢的影响,采后‘福建百香果1号’西番莲果实经卡多赞稀释200倍溶液处理5 min,以蒸馏水处理为对照,在(28±1)℃、相对湿度80%条件下贮藏。每隔3 d,测定西番莲果实果皮超氧阴离子自由基（O₂^-·）产生速率、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量、活性氧清除相关酶活性、内源抗氧化物质含量及DPPH自由基清除能力和还原力的变化。结果表明：壳聚糖处理能显著提高西番莲果实果皮超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）等活性氧清除酶活性,保持较高的还原型抗坏血酸（AsA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）等内源抗氧化物质含量,维持较高的DPPH自由基清除能力和还原力,从而抑制采后西番莲果实果皮O₂^-·和H₂O₂等活性氧的产生,减轻果皮膜脂过氧化,稳定果皮细胞膜结构,最终保持采后西番莲果实的贮藏品质、提高其果实耐贮性。因此认为,卡多赞稀释200倍溶液处理能有效提高采后西番莲果实的活性氧清除能力,降低活性氧积累,从而延缓采后西番莲果实衰老进程,延长其果实保鲜期。     

不同武夷名丛鲜叶茶多糖组成分析及体外抗氧化活性比较研究

为了探明不同武夷名丛茶多糖组成和体外抗氧化活性差异,选取雀舌、瓜子金、胭脂柳、老君眉4个武夷名丛鲜叶为原料,通过水提醇沉淀法提取茶多糖,测定了4个品种鲜叶的茶多糖中中性糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质和茶多酚等组分含量,并比较了4个品种茶多糖清除1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼自由基(DPPH)、羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^-·)活性的差异。结果表明,不同武夷名丛茶树品种鲜叶提取茶多糖得率不同,胭脂柳品种得率较高,老君眉得率较低;4个武夷名丛的茶多糖在中性糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质和茶多酚含量上存在较大差异;体外抗氧化活性测定结果显示,不同武夷名丛茶多糖清除DPPH、·OH和O₂^-·活性具有明显差异,但对3种自由基的清除能力均呈现出剂量-效应关系;4个品种的茶多糖清除DPPH和O₂^-·的IC₅₀值均高于阳性对照Vc,清除·OH的IC₅₀值均低于阳性对照Vc,表明雀舌、瓜子金、胭脂柳和老君眉4个品种的茶多糖是良好的·OH清除剂。研...     

产多酚氧化酶茶树内生真菌的筛选及产酶条件优化

以愈创木酚、α-萘酚、没食子酸、L-酪氨酸和单宁酸等5种酚类物质为底物,采用鉴别培养基筛选法从14株茶树内生真菌中初筛获得4株产多酚氧化酶的真菌。根据变色圈的大小、颜色深浅和摇瓶发酵的结果复筛获得产多酚氧化酶能力较强的菌株CSN-13。对菌株CSN-13产酶营养条件进行初步分析,结果表明,在供试的6种碳源物质中,以麸皮对菌株CSN-13产多酚氧化酶的促进作用最为明显;供试的5种氮源物质中,以硝酸铵的促进作用最为明显;在发酵培养基中添加茶水,对产酶有明显的促进作用。采用正交设计对CSN-13产酶发酵培养基进行初步优化,优化后的培养基配方为：麸皮（40βg·L^-1）、硝酸铵（15βg·L^-1）、茶水（4βg·L^-1）、KH₂PO₄（2βg·L^-1）、MgSO₄·7H₂O（0.5βg·L^-1）、无水CaCl₂（0.075βg·L^-1）、CuSO₄·5H₂O（0.01βg·L^-1）。采用优化后的培养基,菌株CSN-13在28℃下培养5βd,酶活力达到241βU·mL^-1·min^-1,比优化前提高8.5倍。茶树内生真菌菌株CSN-13及其发酵产酶培养基的研究为多酚氧化酶的进一步开发打下了基础。     

大规模悬浮培养茶叶细胞合成茶氨酸培养基组成优化研究

婺源绿茶嫩叶用MS培养基（加IBA 2βmg/L,6-BA 4βmg/L,盐酸乙胺25βmmol/L）进行茶叶愈伤组织悬浮培养,采用正交试验设计研究了培养基不同组成条件对茶叶细胞大规模悬浮培养过程中细胞生长与茶氨酸合成的影响。结果显示,整个培养周期中,细胞收获量和茶氨酸积累量峰值出现时间为培养的第19~22βd;在NH₄⁺/NO₃^- 1.0/60.0βmmol/L、K⁺ 100.0βmmol/L、Mg²⁺ 3.0βmmol/L、H₂PO₄^- 3.0βmmol/L、蔗糖30.0βg/L、水解酪蛋白2.0βg/L条件下,茶叶细胞生长量和茶氨酸积累量分别可达到16.33βg/100βml培养液和3.357βg/100βml培养液;提高培养基中水解酪蛋白浓度可使细胞对数生长期和稳定期得到延长,并有利于茶氨酸积累;H₂PO₄^-浓度主要影响细胞生长速率和茶氨酸积累速率的同步性,低H₂PO₄^-浓度环境中茶氨酸积累速率峰值滞后于细胞增长速率峰值,高H₂PO₄^-浓度环境中早于细胞生长速率峰值出现时间;K⁺ 和蔗糖对细胞生长的影响均不明显;Mg²⁺对细胞生长产生明显的影响;NH₄⁺/NO₃^-对茶氨酸合成具有非常显著的影响。从生产效率考虑,培养周期以19~22βd为宜。     

Banana Prevents Plasma Oxidative Stress in Healthy Individuals

There is increasing evidence that lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is important in atherogenesis. The present study was designed to study the effects of a single banana meal on plasma lipids and lipoprotein profile, plasma oxidative stress and susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in 20 healthy volunteers. Lipid and lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were measured before the meal (baseline, fasting) and 2 h after it (post-dose). The susceptibility to copper-induced oxidation of baseline and post-dose LDL was measured as conjugated diene (CD) formation. Results showed that the LPO contents in plasma, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL) decreased significantly in the 2 h post-dose phase. Prolongation of lag phase and decrease of CD formation during LDL oxidation indicated that post-dose LDL was less susceptible to oxidative modification than the homologous fasting LDL. In conclusion, the consumption of banana reduces the plasma oxidative stress and enhances the resistance to oxidative modification of LDL.     

Biochemical response in rats to the addition of curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) and mustard seeds (Brassica juncea) to the diet

Three groups with 12 weanling male albino rats were group fed for 90 days on a standard laboratory rat diet plus 20% coconut oil either without a supplement or with the addition of 10% curry leaf or 10% mustard seeds. Feed was offered at a level of 10% body weight. At the end of the trial, measurements were made on the total serum cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and very low density lipoproteins fractions, release of lipoproteins into the circulation, lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity and lipoprotein lipase activity. Feed intake and mean body weight of the rats on each treatment was not significantly different. Both spices resulted in a reduction in total serum cholesterol and LDL+VLDL, an increase in the HDL, lower release of lipoproteins into the circulation and an increase in the LCAT activity.     

茶多酚体外氧化产物颜色稳定性及对PC-3细胞生长的影响

以红茶中提取的茶黄素粗提物、绿茶多酚为对照,利用紫外扫描技术、UV-Vis法及MTT法研究了绿茶多酚纳米固定化多酚氧化酶体外氧化产物的颜色稳定性、自由基清除能力和对前列腺癌细胞PC-3生长的抑制作用。在不同pH值条件下,茶黄素粗提物和绿茶多酚纳米固定化酶体外氧化产物的紫外吸收光谱的变化趋势相似,碱性增加,吸光度增加;绿茶多酚、茶黄素粗提物及绿茶多酚纳米固定化酶体外氧化产物对DPPH·自由基均有明显清除作用,绿茶多酚纳米固定化酶体外氧化产物清除效果较绿茶多酚和茶黄素粗提物强;茶黄素粗提物及绿茶多酚纳米固定化酶体外氧化产物对PC-3细胞的生长都有抑制作用,绿茶多酚纳米固定化酶体外氧化产物优于茶黄素粗提物。因此,绿茶多酚纳米碳酸钙固定化酶体外氧化产物中茶黄素保持了红茶中茶黄素所具有的良好生物学活性。     

胡萝卜多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

采用热水浸提法从胡萝卜中提取胡萝卜多糖,通过测定胡萝卜多糖对超氧阴离子自由基(O-2.)、羟基自由基(.OH)、DPPH自由基的清除能力以及对卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化的抑制作用,研究其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,胡萝卜多糖对.OH、O-2.、DPPH自由基具有较强的清除能力,对卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化具有一定的抑制作用,因此胡萝卜多糖具有良好的体外抗氧化活性。     

Determination of In Vitro Antidiabetic Effects, Antioxidant Activities and Phenol Contents of Some Herbal Teas

In this research, some herbal teas and infusions traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes in Turkey, have been studied for their antidiabetic effects on in vitro glucose diffusion and phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. Ten aqueous herbal tea extracts were examined using an in vitro method to determine their effects on glucose movement across the gastrointestinal tract. Total phenol content of herbal teas was analyzed by Folin–Ciocalteu’s procedure. Antioxidant activities of herbal teas were evaluated by the effect of extracts on DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. Antioxidant activity was defined as the amount of the sample to decrease the initial DPPH· concentration by 50% as efficient concentration, EC₅₀. Antiradical activity [AE] was calculated as 1/EC₅₀. Values were evaluated statistically. Results support the view that none of the herbal teas showed antidiabetic effect on glucose diffusion using in vitro model glucose absorption. Teas were arranged in the order of green tea > peppermint > thyme > black tea > relax tea > absinthium > shrubby blackberry > sage > roselle > olive leaves according to their total phenol contents. Among ten herbal teas, green tea had the highest hydrogen-donating capacity against to DPPH radical. Ranking of the herbal teas with respect to their DPPH radical scavenging activity were green tea > peppermint > black tea > thyme > relax tea > absinthium > roselle > olive leaves > sage > shrubby blackberry. It was determined that adding flavoring substances such as lemon, bergamot, clove and cinnamon, which are commonly used in preparation of black tea in Turkey resulted to have synergistic effect on total antioxidant activities of black and peppermint teas. The highest hydrogen peroxide inhibition value (65.50%) was obtained for green tea at a 250 μl/ml concentration. The H₂O₂ scavenging activity of herbal teas decreased in the order green tea > peppermint > relax tea > black tea > thyme > olive leaves > sage > absinthium > shrubby blackberry > roselle. In particular, their phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities may be useful for meal planning in type 2 diabetes. They could contribute to sustain plasma antioxidant level because antioxidants present in plants and herbs prevent the development of vascular diseases seen in type 2 diabetes.     

The Influence of Maca (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lepidium meyenii</Emphasis>) on Antioxidant Status,Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Rat

This work focused on the effect of maca on lipid, anti-oxidative, and glucose parameters in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rat. Maca (1%) was administred to rats as a part of a high-sucrose diet (HSD) for 2 weeks. Rosiglitazone (0.02%) was used as a positive control. Maca significantly decreased the levels of VLDL (very low density lipoproteins), LDL (low density lipoproteins), and total cholesterol, and also the level of TAG (triacylglycerols) in the plasma, VLDL, and liver. Maca, as well as rosiglitazone, significantly improved glucose tolerance, as the decrease of AUC (area under the curve) of glucose showed, and lowered levels of glucose in blood. The activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) in the liver, the GPX (glutathione peroxidase) in the blood, and the level of GSH (glutathione) in liver increased in all cases significantly. Results demonstrate that maca seems to be promising for a positive influence on chronic human diseases (characterized by atherogenous lipoprotein profile, aggravated antioxidative status, and impaired glucose tolerance), and their prevention.     

膜法富集茶多糖的初步研究

通过对不同孔径膜的筛选试验,确定50βK的膜为富集茶多糖最好的膜,在此基础上进行了优化试验,优化试验处理后,截留干燥粉末中总糖含量达30.37%,多糖含量达16.89%,与对照相比抗羟自由基能力提高了39.89%,结果表明在纯天然产品的开发中,利用膜可以有效的富集茶多糖,并且能够保存了多糖活性。     

Potential Anti-Atherosclerotic Properties of Astaxanthin

Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring red carotenoid pigment classified as a xanthophyll, found in microalgae and seafood such as salmon, trout, and shrimp. This review focuses on astaxanthin as a bioactive compound and outlines the evidence associated with its potential role in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Astaxanthin has a unique molecular structure that is responsible for its powerful antioxidant activities by quenching singlet oxygen and scavenging free radicals. Astaxanthin has been reported to inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and adiponectin levels in clinical studies. Accumulating evidence suggests that astaxanthin could exert preventive actions against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) via its potential to improve oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism. In addition to identifying mechanisms of astaxanthin bioactivity by basic research, much more epidemiological and clinical evidence linking reduced CVD risk with dietary astaxanthin intake is needed.     

Antioxidant Effects of Vitamins C and E on the Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation Mediated by Myeloperoxidase

Background: Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) appears to be an early step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Meanwhile, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-catalyzed reaction is one of the potent pathways for LDL oxidation in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant effects of vitamins C and E on LDL oxidation mediated by MPO. Methods: MPO was isolated from fresh plasma by sequential centrifugation using density ultracentrifugation. It was incubated with LDL and the LDL oxidation level was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring conjugated diene absorbance at 234 nm. Furthermore, vitamin C (50-200 mM) and vitamin E (10-40 mM) were added and the LDL oxidation level was determined. Results: The purity index of MPO and its enzymatic activity were 0.69 and 1127 U/mg protein, respectively. It was demonstrated that vitamin C in vitro inhibited LDL oxidation mediated by MPO; however, vitamin E was unable to act in the same way. The protection by vitamin C was concentration dependent and maximum protective effect of vitamin C was observed at 150 mM, where about 64% of the LDL oxidation was inhibited. Vitamin C increased lag time of LDL oxidation mediated by MPO up to 2.4 times. Conclusion: It can be concluded from our results that vitamin C is able to improve LDL resistance to oxidative modification in vitro. In addition, vitamin C might be effective in LDL oxidation mediated by MPO in vivo, resulting in reduction of atherosclerosis process rate. Key Words: Antioxidant, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Vitamin E