梅花鹿剖腹产手术介绍

正我国多数省份均有梅花鹿的人工饲养,养鹿业在畜牧业生产中占有一定的比例。梅花鹿是经济价值较高的驯养动物,可以提供鹿茸、鹿鞭、鹿筋、鹿胎膏等药用或滋补产品。目前,梅花鹿的养殖逐渐向规模化方向发展,随着养鹿量的增加,鹿的难产病例也不断出现,但鹿的剖腹产手术却少见报道。每年春夏季的产仔季节都有一定数量的母鹿难产,因从业人员的经验不足或技术水平有限,对梅花鹿难产后的处理不及时、方式方法不当,容易导致成年母鹿及胎儿的死亡,造成经济损失。笔者近期收治了一头难产的梅花鹿,其时体内胎儿已经死亡,通过及时施行剖腹产手术成功保全了母鹿。     

某鹿场梅花鹿种群退化的调查

调查了 1988～ 2 0 0 1年间黑龙江省平山养鹿场梅花鹿种群生物学特性变化特点。结果表明 ,仔鹿病死率增加 12 4 6 6 % ,成年鹿病死率增加 12 3 12 % ;母鹿产仔率减少 10 0 4 % ,2 0d仔鹿成活率减少 8 5 7% ;公鹿鹿茸平均单产降低 2 8 5 7% ,一等品率降低 5 2 2 3% ,等外品率增加 12 5 14 %。分析该结果原因为近亲繁殖所致。     

农村庭院怎样养鹿

养鹿可获得较高的经济效益 ,也是农民脱贫致富的一条有效途径。如山西省平遥县军寨村 ,地处丘陵地带 ,2 0世纪90年代中期 ,全村人均收入 10 0 0元 ,其中庭院养鹿收入就占到 4 8% ,每年仅鹿茸收入就达 10 0多万元。全村的大多数农户 ,主要是靠庭院养鹿走上致富之路。1　选择优良鹿品种养鹿的主要目的是获得高产优质的鹿茸 ,但影响鹿茸产量和质量的首要因素就是鹿的品种。养鹿必须选择优良的鹿种 ,养马鹿最好选用新疆天山马鹿 ,梅花鹿应选用吉林省的东丰和双阳梅花鹿品系 ,或选择在当地已饲养多年的优良鹿的后代。2　鹿圈尽量合理庭院养鹿受条…     

西丰梅花鹿品种选育研究和推广效果

采用个体表型选择种鹿、单公群母配种和大群闭锁繁育的方法,并应用对幼鹿的科学培育和选育鹿科学饲养管理等综合配套技术,经过193 1～1973年7个世代家养舍饲繁育、1974年选定系祖鹿建立选育群和育种核心群至1995年3个世代的连续系统选育,由源于东北梅花鹿和地方品种的西丰梅花鹿品种,在西丰县育才等4个参茸场育成了半山区舍饲型的3 60 1只西丰梅花鹿品种,其中,核心群鹿92 9只,占2 5 8%。该品种具有体貌相对一致,体型中等,体质结实,鲜茸平均单产3 2 0 5kg,成品茸平均单产1 2 5 9kg,茸的支头大,嘴头肥大,优质率高( 70. 9% ) ,畸型茸率低( 7.6% ) ,繁殖成活率77 .8% ,生产利用年限10年,遗传性状稳定,茸重的遗传力为0.49,重复力0. 63 ,产仔日期重复力0 .68,种用年限2.2年,鲜茸重的遗传进展5 19g,年改进量89g ,F1的杂种优势率茸重性状13.0 4% ,繁殖成活率的为18.94% ,选育的第Ⅲ世代年只均新增纯收益成年公鹿10 3 0元,成年母鹿790元,已获经济效益12 2 1万元,科研投资年均纯收益率5 .63元/元;又经1996～2 0 0 4年在本县和2 0多个省、市、自治区上百家万余只的推广应用表明,西丰梅花鹿的生产性能和遗传性能稳定,稳产高产高效,年只均创净效益成年公鹿15 0 0元,成年母鹿160 0元,其杂交改良效果,尤其是与双阳     

我国人工饲养的茸用鹿品种

目前世界上共有鹿科动物47种,其中我国就多达15种。我国家养茸用鹿主要有梅花鹿和马鹿,经多年的人工培养已形成新的品种（或品系）,对促进我国养鹿业的发展发挥了积极作用。现将人工饲养的主要茸用鹿品种简介如下,供新上养鹿户在生产中参考： 　　一、 梅花鹿 　　我国梅花鹿共有6个亚种,现在饲养的全部是东北亚种梅花鹿,已分布全国各地。 　　1、双阳梅花鹿：双阳梅花鹿是在双阳型梅花鹿的基础上人工培育而成的品种,1986年通过品种鉴定。该品种具有早熟高产的特点,成年公鹿体高在101－111厘米之间,体长103－113厘米左右,体重约130千克;额宽平,身宽深,身上白花大而鲜,茸粗长,肥嫩上冲。鉴定时1－10锯公鹿平均鲜茸重2.9千克以上,58.2％公鹿鲜茸达3千克。母鹿繁殖成活率达82％,仔鹿初生重5.62－5.76千克,遗传性稳定,具有较高的育种价值。     

中国茸鹿育种的成就与展望

中国养鹿业历史悠久。中华人民共和国成立 40多年来 ,逐步建立起一支宏大的茸鹿种质资源保护和利用、茸鹿育种及推广的专业队伍 ,培育出双阳梅花鹿、西丰梅花鹿新品种和长白山梅花鹿、天山马鹿清原品系 ,使梅花鹿成品茸平均单产由选育前 0 .50～ 0 .74kg提高到1 .2 3～ 1 .30 kg,马鹿鲜茸平均单产由选育前的 2 .70 kg提高到 7.1 5kg,推广优良种鹿 1 80 0 0余头 ;“高产马鹿选育”和“塔里木马鹿品种选育”等方面的研究也取得了突破性的进展     

梅花鹿分娩与仔鹿吮乳行为的观察

<正> 梅花鹿是一种偶蹄复胃的药用动物。对仔鹿人工哺乳驯化是达到放牧的关键。研究母鹿分娩、仔鹿吮乳行为,对提高成活率,增强驯顺程度,提高梅花鹿     

梅花鹿剖腹产手术解析

梅花鹿难产的发病率近年来有增高的趋势,一般的难产可以通过助产、注射催产素解决,但对于一些通过正确的助产操作仍然不能够解决的,应该考虑实施剖腹产手术。由于梅花鹿的产仔期在5～6月份,温度高,手术容易造成感染,术后护理极为重要,现将一例梅花鹿剖腹产手术过程及术后护理进行简单介绍,供参考。1临床诊断育成梅花鹿1号,2010秋季配种,预产期为     

浅谈选育梅花鹿和马鹿繁殖速度及其应用

依据统计遗传学繁殖速度的理论和方法 ,并依据品种品系鉴定时可繁殖母鹿数、母鹿的繁殖成活率及其净繁殖率 (R)和繁殖年代与成年鹿只的死淘率等 ,探讨了人工选育的双阳梅花鹿品种、长白山梅花鹿品系、西丰梅花鹿品种和塔里木马鹿品种从选育鉴定到 2 0 0 1年时的繁殖速度和该年年末繁育的鹿只存栏数 ,为制定品种 (系 )繁育计划、规范鹿种销售市场、修订和制定鹿品种审定标准 (试行 )等提供了科学依据。     

梅花鹿魏氏梭菌病的诊治

海门市三星镇某梅花鹿场饲养梅花鹿67只,自1999年引进梅花鹿后,从未进行任何免疫注射。2 0 0 2年6月中旬的一个早晨突然死亡1只梅花鹿,另外还发现2 0余只梅花鹿精神萎靡,食欲不振。这2 0余只集中在相邻的4个圈舍内,离这4个圈舍大约5 0m的一排圈舍未见异常。当天中午又死亡1只,下午来我站请求出诊。鹿食欲下降,槽中有剩料,由于群养无法确定有病的梅花鹿。后病鹿逐渐发展到精神不振,吃草很少,粪便干燥,鼻镜干燥,步态不稳。有部分病梅花鹿可见呼吸加快,呈腹式呼吸。最后病鹿倒地不起,腹痛乱踢。剖检1只,可见瘤胃壁肿厚,粘膜潮红,胃壁切面有凝固…     

The Optimization of Preparating Conditions on Pig ICSI Embryos

In order to optimize the preparating conditions on pig intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryos,the Piezo operating system was used in this experiment and the embryonic survival rate,cleavage rate and cell numbers of blastocysts developed in various stages were measured as traditional and Piezo operating system,the concentration of CB,the operating temperature with Piezo operating system and different sperm processing method in preparating pig ICSI embryos.The results showed that Piezo operating system could significantly improve the survival rate and cleavage rate of injected oocytes (P<0.05),but there was no significant effect on blastocyst rate.There was a slight damage to oocyte added CB in the operating fluid,and adding 7.5 μg/mL CB was most concentration,30℃ was most appropriate operating temperature,but there was no significant effect of early development on pig ICSI embryos with breaking sperm tail with ultrasonic wave.The results suggested that Piezo operating system could significantly improve the survival rate.The results suggested that breaking sperm tail with ultrasonic wave,adding 7.5 μg/mL CB in operating fluid and 30℃ of operating temperature and using Piezo operating system was more suitable for preparating pig ICSI embryos.     

猪ICSI胚胎制备条件的优化

为了进一步优化猪胞浆内单精子注射（intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI）胚胎制备条件,本试验将Piezo操作系统应用于猪ICSI胚胎制备过程中,并以胚胎各阶段存活率、分裂率和囊胚率作为衡量指标,对比Piezo操作系统与传统斜口针操作、Piezo操作条件时操作液中添加CB浓度、操作台温度及精子的不同处理方法对猪ICSI胚胎发育的影响。结果表明,Piezo操作系统可以显著提高注射卵的存活率和卵裂率（P<0.05）,但对囊胚率没有显著影响（P>0.05）;利用Piezo进行猪ICSI时,操作液中添加CB,可以减少显微操作时注射针卵母细胞的损伤,其中以7.5 μg/mL CB效果最佳;操作台温度30℃最适合制备猪ICSI胚胎;精子预先进行超声波断尾处理对猪ICSI胚胎的早期发育无显著影响。研究结果表明,精子预先进行超声波断尾处理后,操作液中添加7.5 μg/mL CB、操作台温度30℃,应用Piezo操作系统比较适合猪ICSI胚胎制备。     

猪精液冷冻技术研究

本研究取得突破性进展。每次30毫升以上块状和15毫升塑料安瓿精液冷冻获得成功;利用电镜观察证明,冻后精子顶体完整率与受胎率呈显著正相关;研制优选出的冷冻、解冻稀释保护液及成套冷冻技术操作程序、其冻精活率0.5左右、情期受胎率70.59％,窝产仔8.34～9.73头。     

Survival and complication rates in 300 horses undergoing surgical treatment of colic. Part 1: Short-term survival following a single laparotomy

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: A minority of equine colic cases prove fatal unless treated surgically; however, few studies have considered long-term survival and complication rates, and few have attempted to identify factors that might affect outcomes. Such information is required for owners and veterinary surgeons to make informed decisions about the most appropriate treatment for individual cases. OBJECTIVES: To document short-term survival rates of 300 horses undergoing colic surgery and analyse factors that might have predisposed to short-term death. METHODS: History, clinical and surgical findings, treatments and outcomes of 300 surgical colic cases (1994-2001) were reviewed. Comparisons among groups of discrete data were made using chi-squared or Student's t tests as appropriate. Significance was set at P < 0.05, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for percentages. RESULTS: The short-term survival rate (to discharge) was 70.3% for all horses and 83.1% for those recovering from anaesthesia; for horses that had a single laparotomy it was 87.2%. The most common reasons for death/euthanasia in the post operative period after a single laparotomy were persistent pain/colic, post operative ileus and grass sickness. Horses with lesions involving the small intestine and caecum had lower survival rates (75.2 and 66.7%, respectively) than those with large colon or small colon lesions (89.9 and 100%, respectively). The survival rate for ischaemic/strangulating lesions (68.9%) was lower than for simple obstructions (90.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term survival of horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy for acute colic is dependent on many factors, including the nature of the underlying disease, cardiovascular status and post operative complications. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: These retrospective studies may be used as a basis for prospective studies assessing treatments that could ultimately improve survival and decrease complication rates.     

稷丰生物菌对仔猪生产性能的影响

采用稷丰生物菌给新生仔猪喂服 ,检测其生产性能的变化。结果表明 :稷丰生物菌能显著 (P <0 .0 5 )提高仔猪的日增重 ,与对照组比在试验期可平均提高日增重 8.9% ,提高仔猪成活率 2 0 .7% ,提高仔猪试验期饲料报酬 14 .0 % ,提高头均经济效益 12 8元     

野生豆科植物三点金的无性繁殖研究

研究了三点金Desmodium tiflourum营养体在广东亚热带气候条件下的快速繁育技术,结果表明：三点金适应性强,适宜在多种土壤条件下生长,在不同类型的土壤上栽植成活率平均达83%以上,其中以砖红壤上栽植成活率最高,平均达96%;春、夏、秋三季均可进行栽植,其中7月栽植成活率高达98%;不同的无性繁殖方法繁育或建坪成活率在92%以上,最高可达98%;植株材料的保湿,避免失水萎蔫是提高成活率的关键因素;无性繁殖或建坪最优基质是砖红壤,最适宜的季节是夏季。     

费约果嫁接繁殖研究

采用L9(34)正交试验设计,研究了费约果品种（Unique、Coolidge和Mammoth）、嫁接方法（切接、劈接和枝腹接）和嫁接季节（夏季、秋季和春季）对嫁接成活率的影响。结果表明：不同品种间嫁接成活率差异不显著,嫁接季节是影响嫁接成活率的主要因素,其次是嫁接方法。最佳嫁接季节是春季,嫁接成活率为49.63%,最佳嫁接方法是切接法,嫁接成活率为38.52%,最佳试验组合——Mammoth在春季采用切接法,嫁接成活率达到84.47%。     

The survival of platypuses in captivity

Data are presented on the duration of survival of 228 platypuses at six Australian zoos between 1934 and 1988. Only 22.4% of all platypuses survived more than 1 year in captivity. Of 15 living platypuses, 3 had been held in captivity for less than 1 year, 5 for between 1 and 5 years, 6 for between 5 and 10 years and 1 for 21 years. Of 213 platypuses that died in captivity, 81.7% had died within 1 year; most within the first month. The duration of survival was unrelated to the age of animals at acquisition or to sex. The survival rate of animals donated to zoos, including "refugees", was similar to that of purpose-caught animals. Clearly, only a small proportion of platypuses adapted to captive husbandry. The cause of death of most platypuses was not established. However, infectious disease did not appear to be significant. Approximately 28% of deaths were related to inadequate husbandry. Recommendations are made to improve the survival of platypuses in captivity. Research has commenced in zoos to facilitate this goal.     

响应面法优化含活性肽CC34毕赤酵母重组菌冻干营养保护剂的研究

【目的】利用响应面分析法优化含活性肽CC34毕赤酵母重组菌的冻干营养保护剂组合配方。【方法】通过单因素试验,筛选脱脂乳粉、海藻糖、山梨醇和谷氨酸钠提高毕赤酵母重组菌存活率的最佳范围;利用Box-Behnken法建立毕赤酵母重组菌存活率回归方程,分析3种保护剂组合对菌体存活率的效应关系。【结果】脱脂乳粉浓度为10%时毕赤酵母重组菌冻干存活率最高,达到51.23%;海藻糖浓度为15%时冻干存活率最高,达到67.50%;山梨醇浓度为20%时冻干存活率最高,达到52.19%;谷氨酸钠浓度为3%时冻干存活率最高,达到36.92%。通过响应面法获得含活性肽CC34毕赤酵母重组菌冻干保护剂组合中脱脂乳粉、海藻糖、山梨醇的浓度分别为10.75%、15.70%、20.19%,通过最优模型预测毕赤酵母重组菌的存活率为77.00%,应用此最优保护剂组合进行冻干试验,菌体冻干存活率为78.98%。【结论】本试验通过响应面法优化了毕赤酵母重组菌复合冻干保护剂配方,在脱脂乳粉浓度为10.75%、海藻糖浓度为15.70%、山梨醇浓度为20.19%条件下,可获得较高的菌体冻干存活率(78.98%)。该复合冻干保护剂可用于含活性肽CC34毕赤酵母重组菌的保存和后续试验研究。     

副猪嗜血杆菌冻干保护剂的研究

采用冻存实验筛选出一种冻存存活率为100％的副猪嗜血杆菌保护剂(HPS-d),通过冷冻干燥实验测定HPS-d冻干存活率为25.94％.利用单因素分析实验优化保护剂HPS-d基质,在HPS-d中添加3种保护剂基质,结果显示:当海藻糖比例为1％、L-精氨酸盐酸盐比例为3％、BHI培养基/保护剂比例为1∶2时,冻干存活率达73.65％ ～77.61％.Plackett-Burman实验设计考察了保护剂8种组分的保护效果,结果显示:D-山梨醇、L-精氨酸盐酸盐和D-海藻糖是影响冻干存活率的显著因素.冷冻干燥验证实验证明优化后保护剂HPS-d平均冻干存活率达74.77％.