Farm to school in British Columbia: mobilizing food literacy for food sovereignty

Farm to school programs have been positioned as interventions that can support goals of the global food sovereignty movement, including strengthening local food production systems, improving food access and food justice for urban populations, and reducing distancing between producers and consumers. However, there has been little assessment of how and to what extent farm to school programs can actually function as a mechanism leading to the achievement of food sovereignty. As implemented in North America, farm to school programs encompass activities not only related to school food procurement, but also to the development of student knowledge and skills under the framework of food literacy. Research on farm to school initiatives has largely been conducted in countries with government-supported national school feeding programs; this study examines farm to school organizing in Canada, where there is no national student nutrition program. Using qualitative fieldwork and document analysis, we investigate the farm to school movement in British Columbia, in a context where civil society concerns related to education and health have been the main vectors of farm to school mobilization. Our analysis suggests that, despite limited institutional infrastructure for school meals, the British Columbia farm to school movement has contributed toward realizing goals of food sovereignty through two main mechanisms: advocacy for institutional procurement of local and sustainable foods and mobilizing food literacy for increased public engagement with issues of social justice and equity in food systems.     

食品安全追溯链构建研究

食品安全可追溯系统的构建需确定被追溯的信息及信息的组织管理方式。现有食品安全可追溯系统均基于信息系统理论进行构建。通过统筹管理自食品生产至消费全过程所涉及的质量安全要素,基于食品安全追溯链构建的食品安全可追溯系统更快捷有效。基于食品链理论,分解食品链过程,提出了食品安全追溯链的层次模型,进而全面分析了食品安全追溯链的连续性和完整性。食品安全追溯链的建立,不仅是食品危害分析、质量控制、风险分析的基础,同时也是食品安全可追溯系统构建的依据。     

面向安全追溯体系的农产品电子档案管理系统

安全追溯体系建设对于保障农产品安全具有重要意义。农产品档案是提高农产品质量、改进生产、增加农产品附加值的一手资料,对这些档案进行有效的电子化管理是实现安全追溯体系的基础。在分析安全追溯体系和调研农产品生产企业的基础上,利用面向对象和数据库技术建立了B/S结构的农产品电子档案管理系统,该系统结构合理、安全性高、操作简单,具有很大的应用空间。     

欧盟转基因食品溯源管理体系

食品的可追溯性是转基因食品安全的关注重点之一,欧盟通过法规（EC）NO 1830/2003建立了转基因食品可追溯性管理框架,并通过法规（EC）1829/2003来规范转基因食品的授权和投放市场后的监督、以及转基因食品的标签管理;通过唯一标识系统法规（EC） 65/2004实现转基因食品的溯源管理,整个溯源体系体现了欧盟在食品安全管理中“从农场到餐桌”的管理理念。文章系统介绍了欧盟转基因食品溯源管理体系,为我国转基因食品的溯源及其管理提供参考。     

基于RFID技术的食品体系研究

食品安全是一个世界性的问题,因此食品安全追溯体系的建设在世界各国都在进行研究与应用.随着我国对外贸易的发展及国内消费水平的不断提高,食品安全也成为我国各级政府、生产与消费者都非常关心的一个问题,因此,食品安全追溯体系在我国食品及原料生产中的研究与应用日益迫切,RFID技术的研究与应用为食品安全追溯体系的建设提供了技术基础.本文根据RFID技术的特点,结合食品的生产、加工、储藏、运输、销售等各个环节可追溯的因素,分析了我国食品安全追溯体系的研究策略、共性关键技术及标准研究、实施方案、信息采集的范围与方法等,并指出了此项技术应用的优势和不足之处.     

Farm to school programs: exploring the role of regionally-based food distributors in alternative agrifood networks

Farm to school programs are at the vanguard of efforts to create an alternative agrifood system in the United States. Regionally-based, mid-tier food distributors may play an important role in harnessing the potential of farm to school programs to create viable market opportunities for small- and mid-size family farmers, while bringing more locally grown fresh food to school cafeterias. This paper focuses on the perspectives of food distributors. Our findings suggest that the food distributors profiled have the potential to help institutionalize farm to school programs. Notably, their relationships with farmers may be a critical element in expanding the scale and scope of local school food procurement. Their ability to catalyze local school food procurement however, is limited by the structural context in which farm to school programs operate. Specifically, the oppositional school year and agriculture production cycle, and tight food service budget constraints disembed and limit the potential of farm to school programs to decrease the “marketness” of school food procurement and to shift it from a process based largely on price to one that is more territorially embedded. As farm to school programs continue to gain support, regionally-based food distributors that have the meaningful relationships necessary to re-embed the school food service market back into the larger society may be critical to enabling advocates to achieve their goals.     

农产品质量安全可追溯系统的研究与应用

近年来,各种食品安全问题的不断出现,表明我国农产品质量安全方面存在着极大的安全隐患,研究和建立农产品质量安全可追溯系统对保障农产品的质量安全和维护消费者的合法权益具有重要意义。可追溯系统的建立使农产品的生产加工有迹可循,从而能有效监管其生产过程,保证生产出的产品质量,保证消费者的食用安全。可追溯系统的构成一般包含产品标识、数据存储、数据采集和传递及信息查询四个方面;可追溯系统的研究重点在于产品编码的一致性和产品信息的有效性。     

动物及动物产品标识与可追溯体系的研究进展

如何实现动物及其产品的全程质量监控是当前的一个重大课题.而实行动物及其产品标识与可追溯管理是有效解决动物卫生与动物产品安全问题的重要措施.本文借鉴发达国家经验,回顾可追溯制度的建设与可追溯系统的实施,提出适合中国国情的可追溯管理,建议制定相关的与国际接轨的动物卫生标准体系.同时,介绍中国可追溯系统试点研究的进展,以及面对制约溯源系统的问题,指出应用的难点与未来可追溯体系的发展.     

我国建立农产品质量安全可追溯系统的对策研究

食品安全直接关系着人们的生命安全和身体健康,建立农产品质量安全可追溯系统是确保食品安全的关键。介绍了农产品质量安全可追溯系统的国内外研究和发展现状,分析了我国在建立农产品质量安全可追溯系统过程中面临的问题,并提出应对策略。     

探讨植物保护对粮食安全的相关影响

作为人口大国的我国,粮食的需求量不言而喻,那么只有保证粮食的安全才能促进我国经济的持续发展,国家的稳定和繁荣。然而,植物的病虫害直接影响着粮食的安全,必须全面分析植物保护和粮食安全之间的具体关系,维护粮食生产的安全。     

Including growers in the “food safety” conversation: enhancing the design and implementation of food safety programming based on farm and marketing needs of fresh fruit and vegetable producers

Experts identified water quality, manure, good handling practices (including personal hygiene and equipment sanitation), and traceability as critical farm problem areas that, if addressed, are likely to decrease risk associated with microbial contamination of fresh produce from all scales of agriculture. However, the diverse nature of production strategies used by produce farmers presents multiple options for addressing foodborne illness issues while simultaneously creating potential complications. We use a mental models methodology to enhance our understanding of the underlying factors and assumptions of small, medium, and large produce growers that influence their decision-making processes for contamination prevention and control. This empirical evidence demonstrates how challenges and opportunities to food safety are related to the scale of production and marketing strategies. We believe that refining the development of standards and existing extension and outreach food safety programs are important to both consumer protection and supporting agricultural communities. Additionally, this approach will help develop and refine food safety programs that will result in empirically grounded recommendations based on identified grower information needs.     

区块链技术在食品安全领域的应用展望

本文介绍了比特币和区块链技术,分析了现有食品追溯系统面临的问题,结合区块链的几个主要特征,阐述了食品安全溯源体系引入区块链技术带来的革命性改变,变人的信任为机器的信任,可以低成本高效率地解决食品安全领域存在的信任难题,实现安全可信任的食品追溯。     

我国食品安全追溯系统推广应用难点及对策研究

近年来,我国政府重视食品安全追溯系统的建设,已颁布法律条例指导政府、企业建设及应用追溯系统,但是,食品安全追溯系统推广应用也遇到一些难题,亟需探明解决方法。分析了我国食品安全追溯系统的应用现状,阐明了追溯的成本、系统的应用价值及信息安全对应用追溯系统的影响。结果表明：追溯系统成本高、应用价值少和系统信息安全保障低是企业考虑应用追溯系统的重要因素。拓展食品安全追溯系统推广应用的范围,开发追溯数据多方面的应用以提高其价值,控制食品安全追溯系统成本,完善信息安全的保障措施,是解决追溯系统推广应用难的有效办法。这些措施可以提高追溯系统的利用率,降低政府、企业开发部署食品安全追溯系统的成本,激发企业应用追溯系统的积极性,营造良好的食品安全大环境。     

基于区块链的绿色果品溯源数据管理设计

本文以果品栽培理论、区块链理论、系统论为指导，运用文献研究法、现场调查法、比较分析法、系统分析法等方法，分析并确定了果品生产供应链上的主要生产环节、相应的技术措施和质量控制指标，设计了基于区块链运行的果品溯源集成方案、生产供应链数据管理流程、生产链数据采集与溯源应用层等。结果表明，将绿色果品生产流通与区块链技术有机结合，可为果品高信度溯源系统开发提供全面指导，对促进绿色果品产业可持续高质量发展具有重要作用。     

企业与政府共建禽肉可追溯体系方案设计——以“公司+农户”模式养殖白羽鸡为例

可追溯体系是防范禽肉安全风险的有效手段之一。企业政府共建禽肉可追溯体系,体现了企业的社会责任,也有利于政府监管禽肉食品安全,实现双赢。以"公司+农户"模式养殖白羽鸡为例,设计企业政府共建禽肉可追溯体系的方案。预期该方案能改善禽肉的安全现状,提升消费者对禽肉的消费信心,重塑企业的社会形象,也使政府能更有效地防范禽肉安全风险。     

不同兼业化农户粮食生产效益和效率差异的影响因素研究

随着国家工业的快速发展,仍以一家一户式为主的农业生产模式,出现了产量差距大且停滞不前、生产成本增加、资源环境代价高等问题,怎样提高整体农业生产效率,增加农户的生产效益成为当下亟需研究的课题。该研究在前人研究的基础上,以河南疃镇为研究区域,从区域和非农化程度(兼业化)两个维度对农户粮食生产效益、效率差异进行分析,发现该地区兼业化农户高达82.2%,有66.7%的农户其非农业收入大于农业收入,且表现出由南向北兼业化程度加大的趋势;农户粮食生产效益、效率均受到兼业化和区域化的影响,提出当前进一步提高不同经济类型农户粮食生产效益、效率的限制因素及改进建议。     

我国进口冷链食品追溯体系建设探析

构建进口冷链食品追溯体系是保证进口冷链食品质量安全的重要手段,保障进口冷链食品安全也是保障人民生命健康安全的重要一环.在疫情防控常态化背景下,进口冷链食品追溯系统加快建设,在信息可追溯、快速召回问题产品、统计监管等方面发挥重要作用,为进口冷链食品建立了安全线,保障了消费者的利益,维护了市场秩序,进口冷链食品安全风险得到...     

工厂化猪肉安全生产溯源数字系统的设计

安全猪肉生产是一项系统工程 ,涉及到饲养场、生猪屠宰加工和猪肉食品的安全监控等诸多环节 ,只有按照国家法规、政策及进口国家 (地区 )的要求 ,制定与执行高标准的技术管理措施 ,才能确保猪肉的安全卫生。为此 ,通过剖析典型养猪场、屠宰加工和畜产品销售点的生产流通全程 ,应用信息网络、构件化软件设计和动物标识等技术 ,构思猪肉工厂化生产可追溯系统及药物残留、违禁添加剂和重金属数字化预警系统。系统的设计 ,为实现猪肉生产的全程信息跟踪提供可能     

Scaling-up regional fruit and vegetable distribution: potential for adaptive change in the food system

As demand for locally grown food increases there have been calls to ‘scale-up’ local food production to regionally distribute food and to sell into more mainstream grocery and retail venues where consumers are already shopping. Growing research and practice focusing on how to improve, expand and conceptualize regional distribution systems includes strategies such as value chain development using the Agriculture of the Middle (AOTM) framework. When the Ohio Food Policy Advisory Council asked how they could scale-up the distribution of Ohio fresh fruits and vegetables to Ohioans, we decided to use this practical opportunity to not only provide recommendations to this council, but to simultaneously contribute to the literature on AOTM, value-based and spatially–proximate relationships, and conceptualizations of food system hybridity. We do this while examining an entire sub-sector of the Ohio agricultural economy, namely fruit and vegetables and applying the AOTM framework beyond the farm, namely to distributors and retailers. Through interviews with Ohio retailers and a survey of all fresh fruit and vegetable distributors Ohio we: (1) Describe current distribution systems within the state; (2) Identify firms interested in scaling-up distribution, and; (3) Inform state-level policy efforts by identifying opportunities to better target any state-level policy and program efforts. We demonstrate support for the concept of AOTM applied beyond the farm, for value chain development strategies that can transmit ‘quality’ via spatially proximate supply chains, and support for considering hybrid solutions, such as piggybacking for scaling-up local food systems. This work highlights the role a statewide food policy council can have in facilitating market development and their unique position to provide public sector and institutional support to facilitate meaningful connections in the food system.     

可追溯体系与食品安全——基于委托代理模型的分析

在食品供应链中建立可追溯体系,能够显著地影响与食品安全相关的道德风险问题。可追溯体系的精确程度决定着食品安全的责任划分,从而决定着食品供应者应承担多大比例的食品安全成本。该文通过建立一个食品安全委托代理模型,分析了降低食品供应链中道德风险所必需的最低追溯精确度水平,并据此讨论了食品安全监管的相关政策建议。