梅花鹿茸血中胆固醇含量与梅花鹿血、猪血和鸡血的比较分析

利用双波长薄层扫描法对梅花鹿茸血中胆固醇的含量与梅花鹿血、猪血和鸡血进行了比较分析测定 ,结果表明 ,梅花鹿茸血含胆固醇 0 0 9mg/mL ,明显低于其他 3种对照品     

Productivity analysis of 70 farrow-to-finish swine farms in Japan from 2013 to 2018

Improving productivity is an urgent issue in the swine industry if it is to compete internationally. However, lack of data about recent productivity transition obstructs stakeholder planning. This study investigated the yearly productivity trends among farrow-to-finish swine farms in Japan using annual productivity data from 2013–2018 obtained for 70 farms in Japan. The productivity parameters analyzed were pigs born alive per litter (PBA), preweaning mortality (PRWM), pigs weaned per litter (PWL), litters per mated female per year (LMFY), pigs weaned per mated female per year (PWMFY), post-weaning mortality (POWM) and marketed pigs per mated female per year (MP). Data were classified into three groups based on the size of the average female inventory and compared among groups. Results presented the mean PBA increased continuously over the 6-year period (P<0.001), and the PWL, PWMFY, and MP means began increasing after 2015 (P<0.001). These upward trends were particularly remarkable on large farms. The mean PRWM increased sharply in 2014, thus inhibiting the increases in PWL, PWMFY, and MP for the same year. The LMFY and POWM means did not change during the study period. Altogether, productivity in Japan improved markedly during the study period, indicating highly prolific sows were well utilized with suitable breeding techniques among farmers these days. Continued genetic improvement and sow management would aid further development in Japan.     

Prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection in aborted fetuses,mummified fetuses and stillborn piglets using quantitative polymerase chain reaction

The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of porcinereproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus detection in aborted fetuses (n=32),mummified fetuses (n=30) and stillborn piglets (n=27) from 10 swine herds in Thailandusing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Pooled organs and umbilical cord fromeach fetus/piglet were homogenized and subjected to RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. TheqPCR was carried out on the ORF7 of the PRRS viral genome using fluorogenic probes foramplified product detection. The results revealed that 67.4% (60/89) of the specimenscontained PRRS virus. The virus was found in 65.6% (21/32) of aborted fetuses, 63.3%(19/30) of mummified fetuses and 74.1% (20/27) of stillborn piglets(P=0.664). Genotype 1, genotype 2 and mixed genotypes of PRRS virus weredetected in 19.1% (17/89), 25.8% (23/89) and 22.5% (20/89) of the specimens, respectively(P=0.316). PRRS virus antigen was retrieved from bothnon-PRRS-vaccinated herds (68.2%, 45/66) and PRRS-vaccinated herds (65.2%, 15/23)(P=0.794). These findings indicated that these specimens are importantsources of the PRRS viral load and the viral shedding within the herd. Thus, intensivecare on the routine management of dead fetuses and stillborn piglets in PRRSvirus-positive herds should be emphasized.     

Prevalence and Molecular Characteristics of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Organic Pig Herds in The Netherlands

The prevalence of the methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among conventional pig herds in the Netherlands is high (around 71%). Nevertheless, information about the prevalence of MRSA among organic pig herds is lacking. Here, we report a study on 24 of the 49 organic pig herds in the Netherlands. The prevalence of MRSA positive herds showed to be 21%. The genetic characteristics of the MRSA isolates were similar to MRSA CC398 described in conventional pigs except one exceptional HA‐MRSA CC30 found in one herd, which was presumably caused by human to animal transmission. This resulted in a prevalence of MRSA CC398 in the organic herds of 16.7%.     

Detection of pseudorabies virus antibody in swine serum and oral fluid specimens using a recombinant gE glycoprotein dual-matrix indirect ELISA

Pseudorabies (Aujeszky disease) virus (PRV) was eliminated from domestic swine in many countries using glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted vaccines and serum antibody gE ELISAs, but PRV continues to circulate in some regions and in most feral swine populations in the world. We created a dual-matrix (serum and oral fluid) indirect IgG gE ELISA (iELISA) and evaluated its performance using samples from 4 groups of 10 pigs each: negative control (NC), vaccination (MLV), PRV inoculation (PRV), and vaccination followed by challenge (MLV-PRV). All serum and oral fluid samples collected before PRV challenge and all NC samples throughout the study were negative for gE antibodies by commercial blocking ELISA (bELISA) and our iELISA. Nasal swab samples from 9 of 10 animals in the PRV group were gB quantitative PRC (qPCR) positive at 2 days post-inoculation (dpi). The oral fluid iELISA detected a significant S/P response in the PRV (p = 0.03) and MLV-PRV (p = 0.01) groups by 6 dpi. ROC analyses of serum bELISA (n = 428), serum iELISA (n = 426), and oral fluid iELISA (n = 247) showed no significant differences in performance (p > 0.05). Our data support the concept of PRV surveillance based on oral fluid samples tested by an indirect gE ELISA.     

苷肽注射液对猪免疫器官及血液指标的影响研究

通过对猪注射不同剂量的苷肽注射液,研究了苷肽注射液对猪的免疫器官和血液指标的影响。结果表明,苷肽注射液在一定程度上可促进猪体重增长,对猪免疫器官的影响不显著,对血液指标未见不良影响。合适剂量的苷肽注射液能够促进仔猪外周血淋巴细胞PHA的增殖。     

Association between antimicrobial treatment and resistance of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diseased swine in Kagoshima Prefecture,Japan

Pathogenic Escherichia coli is an important cause of diarrhea, edema disease, and septicemia in swine. In Japan, the volume of antimicrobial drugs used for animals is highest in swine, but information about the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is confined to apparently healthy animals. In the present study, we determined the O serogroups, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance of 360 E. coli isolates from swine that died of disease in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, between 1999 and 2017. The isolates of the predominant serogroups O139, OSB9, O149, O8, and O116 possessed virulence factor genes typically found in diarrheagenic E. coli. We further found five strains of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli that each produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase encoded by bla_CTX-M-14, bla_CTX-M-15, bla_CTX-M-24, bla_CTX-M-61, or bla_SHV-12. In 218 swine with a clear history of antimicrobial drug use, we further analyzed associations between the use of antimicrobials for the treatment of diseased swine and the isolation of resistant E. coli. We found significant associations between antimicrobial use and selection of resistance to the same class of antimicrobials, such as the use of ceftiofur and resistance to cefotaxime, cefazolin, or ampicillin, the use of aminoglycosides and resistance to streptomycin, and the use of phenicols and resistance to chloramphenicol. A significant association between antimicrobial use and the resistance of E. coli isolates to structurally unrelated antimicrobials, such as the use of ceftiofur and resistance to chloramphenicol, was also observed.     

烟台黑猪SLA-2-YTH原核表达载体的构建及表达

为构建烟台黑猪SLA-2-YTH基因原核表达载体,本研究设计引物PCR扩增SLA-2-YTH胞外区,将其克隆至pMD 19-T Simple 载体,筛选阳性克隆。阳性克隆经酶切后,进一步与表达载体pET-28a(+)连接,转化BL21（Rosseta）感受态细胞并进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测蛋白表达情况。结果显示,SLA-2-YTH胞外区亚克隆大小为834 bp,酶切鉴定证实其成功插入pET-28a（+）表达载体。SDS-PAGE结果显示,SLA-2-YTH基因导入宿主菌后成功表达,蛋白大小约31.0 ku,与预期结果相符,优化后蛋白相对表达量达25%以上。本研究成功构建了烟台黑猪SLA-2-YTH原核表达载体,获得了表达蛋白,为今后进一步的结构和功能研究奠定基础。     

猪血多肽对建鲤抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在从体外和体内水平评估猪血多肽(peptides from swine blood,PSB)对建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian)抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。在体外试验中,制备建鲤外周血白细胞和头肾巨噬细胞,然后暴露在含有不同浓度(0、10、20、40、80μg/m L)猪血多肽的培养基中作用24 h,采用WST-1法测定外周血白细胞的增殖能力,氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)还原法和格里斯(Griess)试剂显色法分别测定头肾巨噬细胞氮呼吸爆发和氧呼吸爆发活性;在体内试验中,分别将0、0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0 g/kg猪血多肽添加到基础饲料中饲喂建鲤,在恒温循环水系统中进行8周的饲养试验,分别在饲喂第1、2、4、8周采集血样,检测血清中生化指标、抗氧化指标及免疫指标的变化。结果表明:在体外试验中,猪血多肽浓度为20、40和80μg/m L时,可以显著或极显著提高建鲤外周血白细胞的增殖能力(P<0.05或P<0.01);猪血多肽浓度为40和80μg/m L时,可以显著或极显著增强建鲤头肾巨噬细胞氮呼吸爆发和氧呼吸爆发活性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。在体内试验中,用添加5.0 g/kg猪血多肽的饲料饲喂建鲤后,第4和8周血清中3种生化指标[白蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)]含量/活性、3种抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)]活性和3种免疫因子[白介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、补体4(C4)]含量均显著升高(P<0.05);此外,第8周血清中补体3(C3)含量亦显著升高(P<0.05)。由此得出,猪血多肽能够增强建鲤的抗氧化能力和免疫功能。     

生猪检疫中猪瘟鉴别诊断与无害化处理

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒感染引发的一种病毒性传染性疾病,在生猪养殖中,该种疾病具有极强传染性,具有发病率高、死亡率高的特点。在疾病防控过程中,需要养殖户提高重视程度,掌握上述该种疾病的具体病理变化和临床表现,然后进行严格的实验室诊断,确定致病原,然后采取综合措施防控,避免病毒传播蔓延,造成严重经济损失。该文主要分析生猪检疫过程中猪瘟有效鉴别诊断和无害化处理措施。     

日粮中添加藤茶提取物对猪生长性能、血液生化指标、抗氧化活性的影响

为研究日粮中添加藤茶提取物对不同体重阶段猪生长性能、血液生化指标、抗氧化活性的影响,本研究选用平均初始体重为30 kg的三元杂交(杜×长×大)去势公猪90头,随机分成3个处理,分别为对照组(CON组,饲喂基础日粮)、植物精油复合物组(A组,基础日粮中添加0.03%植物精油复合物)和藤茶提取物组(B组,基础日粮中添加0.03%藤茶提取物),根据不同体重阶段(30～50、50～75、75～100 kg及100 kg～出栏)饲喂不同阶段的基础日粮,每次换料前及试验结束时称重采血,分析不同体重阶段添加0.03%藤茶提取物对猪生长性能、血液生化指标、抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:与CON组相比,添加0.03%藤茶提取物显著提高了30～75 kg猪的平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05);显著降低了30～50 kg猪血清乳酸(LA)含量(P<0.05);显著提高了50～75 kg猪血液胰岛素(INS)浓度(P<0.05),但对血糖(GLU)浓度无显著影响(P>0.05);显著提高了75～100 kg猪GLU浓度(P<0.05),INS浓度有升高趋势(P>0.05),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量显著降低(P<0.05);各体重阶段血清生长激素(GH)含量均有升高趋势(P>0.05)。B组猪血清总超氧化物岐化酶(T-SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、总抗氧化能力(TAOC)在各体重阶段与CON组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。与A组相比,添加0.03%藤茶提取物显著提高了30～100 kg猪的ADFI(P<0.05),显著降低了30～50 kg猪血清LA含量(P<0.05),且显著提高了50 kg以上体重阶段猪血清GSH-Px活力(P<0.05)。综合试验结果,添加0.03%藤茶提取物可促进30～75 kg猪生长代谢,在一定程度改善50～100 kg猪的血糖代谢,且添加藤茶提取物效果优于添加等量植物精油复合物。