水分胁迫对果梅光合色素和光合作用的影响

比较了 2个果梅品种青皮梅和龙眼梅经不同程度水分胁迫处理后叶片光合色素和光合作用的变化 .结果表明 :中度水分胁迫下 ,光合速率 (Pn)、气孔导度 (Gs)和胞间 CO2 的体积分数均下降 ,叶绿素 (Chl)和类胡萝卜素 (Car)下降不显著 ,光合作用受抑制主要是因为气孔限制 ;严重水分胁迫下 ,Pn和 Gs下降得更低 ,Chl和 Car下降显著 ,非气孔因素起主要作用     

Leaf photosynthesis and yield components of mung bean under fully open-air elevated[CO_2]

Mung bean(Vigna radiata L.) has the potential to establish symbiosis with rhizobia,and symbiotic association of soil micro flora may facilitate the photosynthesis and plant growth response to elevated[CO_2].Mung bean was grown at either ambient CO_2 400 μmol mol~(-1) or[CO_2]((550+17) μmol mol~(-1)) under free air carbon dioxide enrichment(FACE) experimental facility in North China.Elevated[CO_2]increased net photosynthetic rate(P_n),water use efficiency(WUE) and the non-photochemical quenching(NPQ) of upper most fully-expanded leaves,but decreased stomatal conductance(G_s),intrinsic efficiency of PSII(F_v '/F_m'),quantum yield of PSII(φ_(PSll)) and proportion of open PSII reaction centers(q_p).At elevated[CO_2],the decrease of F_v'/F_m',φ_(PSII),q_p at the bloom stage were smaller than that at the pod stage.On the other hand,P_n was increased at elevated[CO_2]by 18.7 and 7.4%at full bloom(R2) and pod maturity stages(R4),respectively.From these findings,we concluded that as a legume despite greater nutrient supply to the carbon assimilation at elevated[CO_2],photosynthetic capacity of mung bean was still suppressed under elevated[CO_2]particularly at pod maturity stage but plant biomass and yield was increased by 11.6 and 14.2%,respectively.Further,these findings suggest that even under higher nutrient acquisition systems such as legumes,nutrient assimilation does not match carbon assimilation under elevated[CO_2]and leads photosynthesis down-regulation to elevated[CO_2].     

半根及半根交替水分胁迫对苹果幼苗光合作用的影响

 【目的】模拟研究定位灌溉及分根区交替灌溉的‘嘎拉’苹果幼苗光合反应，探讨不同水分条件下叶片光合效率的气孔与非气孔限制作用。【方法】采用18% PEG 6000（w/v）模拟水分胁迫，研究了半根（HRS，模拟定位灌溉）、半根交替（AHRS，模拟分根区交替灌溉）及全根水分胁迫（WRS）下苹果光合参数、光合色素、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化，及叶绿素荧光反应特点。【结果】水分胁迫条件下叶片光合速率、气孔导度与细胞间隙CO2浓度显著降低，叶温显著升高。HRS叶片MDA含量和SOD活性及叶绿素荧光反应与对照不存在显著差异；AHRS从交替后第2天起，叶片MDA含量显著高于对照，而Fv/Fo与Fv/Fm则显著低于对照；WRS在胁迫第5或6天后，叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量、Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm、SOD酶活性显著降低，而MDA含量则显著增加。【结论】不同水分胁迫处理光合速率下降的原因存在差异：HRS主要由气孔限制所引起；AHRS既存在气孔限制，也存在非气孔因素限制；而WRS前期由气孔限制引起，随着胁迫时间延长，非气孔限制起着重要作用。     

干旱胁迫对红叶石楠叶片光合生理特性的影响

对不同程度干旱胁迫下红叶石楠的叶片膜伤害和光合生理特性进行了研究。结果表明,随着干旱程度的增加,叶片含水量、光合色素含量以及净光合速率等生理指标都有不同程度的下降,而花青素含量、丙二醛含量和细胞膜透性大幅增加。在轻度干旱下,净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度同步下降,光合受抑的主要限制因子为气孔因素;中度、重度干旱胁迫下,净光合速率、气孔导度下降的同时,胞间CO2浓度上升,此时光合受抑的主要限制因子为非气孔因素。     

土壤水分胁迫对甘薯光合作用的影响及其与耐旱性的关系

采用盆栽水分胁迫方法研究了耐旱特性不同的２ 个甘薯品种潮薯１ 号（耐旱）和胜利百号（不耐旱）的光合作用变化．结果表明,水分胁迫引起了甘薯叶片水势（ψ）和蒸腾速率（ Ｔｒ）下降,叶绿素总量（ Ｃｈｌ）、叶绿素ａ（ Ｃｈｌａ）、叶绿素ｂ（ Ｃｈｌｂ）和类胡萝卜素（ Ｃ Ａ Ｒ）被降解;气孔导度（ Ｇｓ）和净光合速率（ Ｐｎ）下降,但胞间 Ｃ Ｏ２ 体积分数（ Ｃｉ）表现出先下降后上升的趋势．甘薯品种耐旱特性不同,变化幅度有明显的差异     

Effects of potassium deficiency on photosynthesis and photoprotection mechanisms in soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)

Potassium is an important nutrient element requiring high concentration for photosynthetic metabolism.The potassium deficiency in soil could inhibit soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) photosynthesis and result in yield reduction.Research on the photosynthetic variations of the different tolerant soyben varieties should provide important information for high yield tolerant soybean breeding program.Two representative soybean varieties Tiefeng 40(tolerance to K~+ deficiency) and GD8521(sensitive to K~+ deficiency) were hydroponically grown to measure the photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and Rubisco activity under different potassium conditions.With the K-deficiency stress time extending,the net photosynthetic rate(P_n),transpiration rate(T_r) and stomatal conductance(G_s) of GD8521 were significantly decreased under K-deficiency condition,whereas the intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i) was significantly increased.As a contrast,the variations of Tiefeng 40 were almost little under K-deficiency condition,which indicated tolerance to K~+ deficiency variety could maintain higher efficient photosynthesis.On the 25 th d after treatment,the minimal fluorescence(F_0) of GD8521 was significantly increased and the maximal fluorescence(F_m),the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry(F√F_m),actual photochemical efficiency of PSII(φ_(PSII)),photochemical quenching(q_p),and electron transport rate of PSII(ETR)were significantly decreased under K~+ deficiency condition.In addition,the Rubisco content of GD8521 was significantly decreased in leaves.It is particularly noteworthy that the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and Rubisco content of Tiefeng 40 were unaffected under K~+ deficiency condition.On the other hand,the non-photochemical quenching(q_N) of Tiefeng 40 was significantly increased.The dry matter weight of Tiefeng 40 was little affected under K~+ deficiency condition.Results indicated that Tiefeng 40 could avoid or relieve the destruction of PSII caused by exceeded absorbed solar energy under K-deficiency condition and maintain natural photosynthesis and plant growth.It was an essential physiological mechanism for low-K-tolerant soybean under K-deficiency stress.     

逐渐干旱对牡丹光合和荧光特性的影响

研究逐渐干旱条件下牡丹光合指标及荧光特性变化.以胡红、洛阳红两种牡丹品种为试验材料,进行土壤逐渐干旱处理,从牡丹光合响应、气体交换、叶绿素荧光参数的变化来研究牡丹光合与荧光特性.随着土壤水分胁迫的加剧,叶片的净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)下降,胞间C02浓度(Ci)升高,干旱降低牡丹净光合作用、限制气体交换.75%的土壤相对含水量最适合牡丹的生长,同时发现与干旱胁迫相比.水分过多更不利牡丹的生长.不同品种间比较发现,胡红比洛阳红更耐旱,适应性更广.     

外源脱落酸对盐胁迫玉米激发能分配和渗透调节的影响

利用气体交换和叶绿素荧光技术,研究了外施脱落酸(ABA)对NaCl胁迫玉米的光合、激发能分配及渗透调节的影响。结果表明,NaCl胁迫条件下,外施ABA能降低玉米叶片的净光合而导致过剩激发能的增多,但是ABA提高了盐胁迫叶片的光化学猝灭(qP),增强了热耗散(NPQ)能力,减少了过剩激发能的积累,从而减轻盐胁迫造成的光抑制。此外,盐胁迫条件下,ABA还能诱导玉米叶片脯氨酸含量增加,提高玉米的渗透调节能力。ABA的这些作用有效增强了玉米的抗盐能力。     

外源一氧化氮供体SNP干旱条件对桑树幼苗光合作用和能量分配的影响

[目的]为探讨NO对桑树在干旱下光合作用的影响和光能分配的调控作用,研究了外源NO对干旱下桑树幼苗叶片的光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.[方法]以一年生饲料桑为材料,以硝普钠（SNP）为NO供体,共设4个处理,每个处理3次重复.试验当天分别用Hoagland（CK）、1 mmol/L SNP＋ Hoagland（CK＋ SNP）、20％ PEG（6 000）＋ Hoagland（PEG）、20％PEG（6 000）＋1 mmol/L SNP＋ Hoagland（PEG＋ SNP）4种溶液对幼苗进行根施处理.[结果]外施1 mmol/L SNP可有效提高干旱下桑树幼苗叶片最大净光合速率（Amax）,缓解净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、水分利用效率（WUE）的降低和胞间CO2浓度（Ci）的升高.干旱条件下桑树叶片的最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、电子传递速率（ETR）、光化学猝灭（qP）、实际光化学效率（（Φ）PSⅡ）均显著下降,初始荧光（Fo）和非光化学猝灭（NPQ）上升.根施SNP的干旱胁迫下桑树叶片的Pn、Gs、Tr、WUE、Fv/Fm、ETR、qP、（Φ）PSⅡ均明显提高,Fo和NPQ下降.根施SNP明显提高了桑树叶片的荧光量子产额和热耗散的量子产额（Φf,D）.20％ PEG（6 000）＋1 mmol/L SNP＋ Hoagland处理下用于光化学反应的量子产额（ΦPSⅡ）所占比例最高,依赖于类囊体膜两侧质子梯度和叶黄素循环的量子产额（ΦNPQ）所占比例较低.叶施SNP可以使桑树幼苗在严重干旱胁迫下用于QA-以后的电子传递能量比例增加,并且相对增大了有活性的反应中心的开放程度和电子传递速率,减轻了桑树幼苗在干旱胁迫下的光抑制.[结论] NO能够缓解干旱胁迫引起的光合速率的下降及光抑制对光合系统的破坏作用,而非光化学效率的提高和热耗散的增强可能是NO减轻PSⅡ能量负荷,恢复失活的PSⅡ活性,保护光合系统并提高光合速率的重要机制之一.     

干旱胁迫对麻疯树幼苗光合特性及生长的影响

采用盆栽控水的方法,研究了不同程度干旱胁迫对麻疯树幼苗叶片光合特性及植株生长的影响。结果表明:麻疯树幼苗叶片相对含水量(LRWC)、苗高生长量(△H)、地径生长量(△D)、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均随胁迫时间的增加而下降;水分利用效率(WUE)在轻度和中度干旱胁迫下升高,重度干旱胁迫下极显著降低(P<0.01);胞间CO2浓度(Ci)在轻度和中度干旱胁迫下有所降低,重度干旱时极显著上升(P<0.01)。说明在轻度和中度干旱胁迫下麻疯树幼苗光合能力下降的主要原因是气孔限制,而重度干旱胁迫下光合能力下降的主要原因是非气孔限制。在轻度和中度干旱时麻疯树幼苗以降低光合生长和蒸腾耗水、提高水分利用效率来适应环境、维持生命,但长势变弱,而严重干旱时麻疯树幼苗的生长受到土壤水分的严重限制。     

外源一氧化氮对干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗光合作用的影响

【目的】探明干旱胁迫下一氧化氮（NO）对玉米幼苗光合作用的调节作用。【方法】以驻玉309为试验材料,在光照培养箱内采用水培的方法,研究了外源NO供体SNP预处理3 d后,进行20% PEG-6000（-0.8 MPa）模拟干旱胁迫3 d后玉米幼苗的生长参数、叶绿体超微结构、叶片气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数和D1蛋白表达的变化。【结果】干旱胁迫条件下玉米幼苗的光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）及光系统II（PSII）最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSII潜在活性（Fv/Fo）分别比对照下降了68.4%、87.2%、15.8%、31.3%;而J点的相对可变荧光（Vj）和单位反中心耗散能量（DIo /RC）则分别上升了20.9%和21.2%;此外,叶片的叶绿体结构明显遭到破坏,D1蛋白的含量显著降低。但是,与干旱胁迫处理相比,经过SNP预处理后进行干旱胁迫处理的玉米幼苗Pn、Gs、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo明显增加56.6%、202.5%、15.8%、30.7%,而Vj、DIo/RC下降了22.7%和25.4%;叶绿体的类囊体片层恢复整齐,基粒片层变清晰;D1蛋白的相对含量明显增加了94.7%;以上这些变化与干旱条件下SNP预处理后NO含量的增加有关。【结论】在干旱条件下,NO可能参与调节了PSII反应中心D1蛋白的表达并稳定PSII反应中心的结构和功能,以改善玉米幼苗的光合作用和生长发育,从而提高玉米幼苗对干旱胁迫的适应性。     

高温和干旱胁迫对杨树幼苗光合性能和抗氧化酶系统的影响

采用室内模拟试验,研究了高温、干旱单一或复合胁迫对南林895杨(PopulusבNanlin-895’)幼苗光合特性、叶绿素荧光、抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:随着胁迫时间的延长,高温、干旱单因子和复合胁迫使杨树幼苗净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、最大荧光(F_m)、PSII最大原初光化学量子效率(F_v/F_m)下降、初始荧光(Fo)升高,中度干旱胁迫使胞间CO_2摩尔分数(Ci)、水分利用效率(WUE)先降后升,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性先升后降,P_n主要受气孔和非气孔因素共同限制;重度高温、重度干旱和复合胁迫末期SOD、POD活性下降显著,P_n主要受非气孔因素限制。复合胁迫对P_n、T_r具有叠加效应。复合胁迫对P_n、G_s、Ci、T_r、F_v/F_m、SOD的胁迫效应大于单一胁迫;杨树幼苗在高温和干旱复合胁迫条件下受害最严重。     

干旱胁迫对草莓苗期叶片光合特性的影响

采用盆栽控水方法研究了干旱胁迫对5个草莓品种苗期叶绿素含量和光合特性的影响。结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,草莓叶片的叶绿素含量(SPAD)、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度均下降,且甜查理的下降幅度最小,艳丽的下降幅度最大。在轻度干旱胁迫下,5个草莓品种的净光合速率和胞间CO_2浓度均与对照存在显著差异(P0.05);叶绿素含量、蒸腾速率和气孔导度与对照无显著差异(P0.05)。在重度干旱胁迫下,5个草莓品种的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均与对照存在显著差异(P0.05);胞间CO_2浓度与对照无显著差异(P0.05);艳丽和宁丰的叶绿素含量与对照相比显著下降(P0.05)。以上结果表明,在轻度干旱胁迫下,草莓主要是通过降低净光合速率和胞间CO_2浓度响应干旱胁迫,气孔因素影响光合作用;在重度干旱胁迫下,草莓主要是通过降低净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度响应干旱胁迫,非气孔因素影响光合作用。不同的草莓品种光合作用对干旱的响应能力不同。其中,甜查理具有较强的抗旱性,艳丽的抗旱性较差。     

干旱胁迫与复水对棉花叶片光谱、光合和荧光参数的影响

【目的】明确持续干旱胁迫对棉花叶片光谱、光合和荧光特征的影响,为筛选水分敏感指标提供理论依据。【方法】以转基因抗虫棉银瑞361为试材,采用盆栽控水方式,测定持续干旱与复水条件下棉花叶片光谱、光合和荧光参数。【结果】两年试验结果表明,随着干旱胁迫时间的延长叶片相对含水量（RWC）、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量（ΦPSⅡ）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）、光化学反射指数（PRI）呈下降趋势,气孔限制值（Ls）先上升后下降,非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）则呈上升趋势,复水后除RWC外,其它指标都未恢复到初始状态。与初始状态相比,Pn、Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP、PRI在干旱胁迫第4天时,两年平均下降了53.1%、79.9%、66.0%、3.8%、11.0%、5.7%、18.4%;Ls、NPQ在第4天时,两年平均上升了98.1%、28.6%。综合两年数据,只有Pn、Gs、Tr、Ls、Fv/Fm、PRI在第4天时与初始状态差异极显著,与RWC的R2分别为0.7640、0.7058、0.5625、0.3665、0.7319、0.4378。【结论】Pn、Gs、Tr、Ls、Fv/Fm、PRI均能在干旱胁迫初期灵敏地反映棉花叶片水分状况;在持续干旱胁迫中,Pn、Gs、Fv/Fm能更灵敏、准确地反映棉花叶片水分状况。     

水分胁迫对牡丹光合和荧光特性的影响(英文)

[Objective] Study on the photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics in peony under water stress. [Method] The two peony varieties Huhong and Luoyanghong were treated by different water stress for determining the photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics. [Result] With the aggravation of water stress,the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) decreased,while the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased. Drought could decrease Pn,constrain gas exchange and change the daily photosynthesis. Fo of peony leaf increased and Fv/Fm decreased under water stress especially water logging,causing the inactivation of the PS II reaction center,and the chlorophyll fluorescence characters gradually recovered until afternoon. [Conclusion] The 75% soil relative water content (SRWC) is the best condition for growth of peony. Compared with drought,water logging is more unfit for the growth of peony. For the two varieties,Huhong assumed more tolerance to drought,accordingly more adaptability.     

Effects of Water Stress on Photosynthesis and Fluorescence Characteristics in Peony

[Objective] Study on the photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics in peony under water stress. [Method] The two peony varieties Huhong and Luoyanghong were treated by different water stress for determining the photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics. [Result] With the aggravation of water stress,the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) decreased,while the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased. Drought could decrease Pn,constrain gas exchange and change the daily photosynthesis. Fo of peony leaf increased and Fv/Fm decreased under water stress especially water logging,causing the inactivation of the PS II reaction center,and the chlorophyll fluorescence characters gradually recovered until afternoon. [Conclusion] The 75% soil relative water content (SRWC) is the best condition for growth of peony. Compared with drought,water logging is more unfit for the growth of peony. For the two varieties,Huhong assumed more tolerance to drought,accordingly more adaptability.     

水分胁迫对牡丹光合和荧光特性的影响

[目的]研究水分胁迫条件下牡丹光合指标及荧光特性变化。[方法]以胡红、洛阳红两种牡丹品种为试验材料,进行不同的水分胁迫处理,采用便携式光合测定仪测定及荧光测定仪测定其光合指标及荧光特性。[结果]随着土壤水分胁迫的加剧,叶片的净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)下降,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)升高;干旱抑制牡丹净光合作用、限制气体交换,改变光合日变化;水分胁迫(特别是水分过量)时牡丹叶片Fo上升,Fv/Fm下降引起PSⅡ反应中心的失活,但各叶绿素荧光参数在下午又逐渐恢复到上午水平。[结论]75%的土壤相对含水量最适于牡丹的生长;与干旱胁迫相比,水分过多更不利牡丹的生长。两种供试品种中,胡红比洛阳红更耐旱,适应性更广。     

水分胁迫对甜菜幼苗光合作用的影响

以HI0466(抗旱性强)和农大甜研4号(对照)为材料,研究了水分胁迫对其幼苗光合作用的影响.结果表明:水分胁迫下2个品种叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(E)均呈下降趋势,但下降幅度不同,HI0466的净光合速率降幅较小而气孔导度和蒸腾速率降幅较大;Ci/Ca比值出现了先下降后上升,表明轻度水分胁迫下叶片Pn下降是气孔限制因素,重度干旱胁迫下Pn降低主要由非气孔因素引起.     

水分胁迫对牡丹光合和荧光特性的影响

笔者研究牡丹存水分胁迫条件下光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数,以期寻找合理的栽培措施并为培育抗旱品种提供参考依据。     

Effects of Water Stress on Photosynthesis and Fluorescence Characteristics in Peony

[Objective] Study on the photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics in peony under water stress. [Method] The two peony varieties Hu- hong and Luoyanghong were treated by different water stress for determining the photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics. [Result] With the aggra-vation of water stress, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) decreased, while the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) in-creased. Drought could decrease Pn, constrain gas exchange and change the daily photosynthesis. Fo of peony leaf increased and Fv/Fm decreased under water stress especially water logging, causing the inactivation of the PS II reaction center, and the chlorophyll fluorescence characters gradually recovered until afternoon. [Condusion] The 75% soil relative water content (SRWC) is the best condition for growth of peony. Compared with drought, water log- ging is more unfit for the growth of peony. For the two varieties, Huhong assumed more tolerance to drought, accordingly more adaptability.