Effect of Graded Levels of Fiber from Alfalfa Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Flow of Fattening Pigs

The fiber level and composition have an important effect on nutrient digestibility of swine diets. Little information is known about the effects of fiber level and composition from alfalfa meal on nutrient digestibility of fattening pigs fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of alfalfa fiber on the growth performance, intestinal nutrient flow and apparent total tract digestibility（ATTD） of nutrients in fattening pigs. 24 barrows（Duroc×（Large White×Landrace）, body weight=（60.6±0.7） kg） were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 1 pig per replicate. The pigs were provided a control diet or a diet containing 5, 10 or 20% of alfalfa meal during a 14-d experiment period. Average daily gain（ADG） and the ATTD of dry matter（DM）, organic matter（OM）, crude protein（CP）, neutral detergent fiber（NDF）, acid detergent fiber（ADF） and gross energy（GE） reduced linearly as the level of alfalfa meal in the diet increased（P〈0.01）. The total tract flow of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and GE increased with the increase in dietary alfalfa（linear, P〈0.05）. Growth performance and nutrient digestion were not affected by inclusion of 5% alfalfa meal in the diet（P〉0.05）. A multiple linear regression analysis, taking into account both soluble and insoluble fiber intake, explained approximately 70% of the variation in the ATTD of DM, OM, NDF, and GE（P〈0.01）. In conclusion, alfalfa meal should be limited to less than 5% of the diet in fattening pigs to maximize growth performance and nutrient digestion. Soluble and insoluble fiber from alfalfa meal has the differential roles in nutrient digestion, which may help explain the main variation observed in nutrient digestibility. These findings suggest that knowledge of specific fiber components is necessary to accurately predict the effects of dietary fiber on nutrient digestibility.     

日粮纤维水平对鸸鹋日粮纤维及蛋白质消化率的影响

以苜蓿粉为纤维源 ,通过对成年鸸鹋投喂不同纤维含量的 5种饲料 ,研究了日粮纤维水平对日粮纤维及蛋白质消化率的影响。酸性洗涤纤维 (ADF)、中性洗涤纤维 (NDF)及粗纤维 (CF)的消化率在苜蓿含量 (质量分数 ,下同 )为 10 %以内时 ,不受日粮纤维含量增加的影响 ;但含量的进一步上升 ,降低了日粮纤维的消化率。日粮纤维在饲料中适宜含量的上限是 :ADF 7 8%、NDF 16 7%及CF 6 1%。蛋白质消化率在苜蓿含量为 5 %时最高 ,在含量为 5 %以上时显著降低 (P <0 0 5 )。蛋白质消化率最大时的日粮纤维含量分别是 :ADF 7 4 %、NDF 16 4 %及CF5 5 %。以上结果表明 ,日粮纤维水平影响鸸鹋对日粮纤维和蛋白质的消化率 ,日粮纤维在鸸鹋饲料中的适宜含量是ADF 7 4 %、NDF 16 4 %及CF 5 5 %。     

Effects of Dietary Net Energy Density and Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine: Net Energy Ratio on the Performance and Carcass Characteristic of Growing Finishing Pigs Fed Low Crude Protein Supplemented with Crystalline Amino Acids Diets

Two 3x3 factorial design trials with 1 080 of Yorkshire×Landrace×Duroc barrows were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary net energy (NE) density and standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine:NE ratio on the performance of growingfinishing pigs and carcass characteristic of finishing pigs fed low crude protein (CP) supplemented with crystalline amino acids (CAA) diets. Low CP corn-soybean meal basal diets (14% for Exp. 1 and 11% for Exp. 2) supplemented with crystalline lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan were formulated. Nine treatments with increasing NE density and SID lysine:NE ratio were used in each trial (Exp. 1: 9.66, 9.87, and 10.08 MJ kg-1 NE, 0.89, 0.96, and 1.03 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE; Exp. 2: 9.83, 10.04, and 10.25 MJ kg-1 NE, 0.69, 0.76, and 0.83 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE). In Exp. 1, we observed that the average daily gain (ADG) for barrows that received the diet containing 9.87 MJ kg-1 NE was significantly higher than that of barrows fed a 9.66 MJ kg-1 NE diet (P＜0.05), but no difference was observed when compared with barrows that received a diet containing 10.08 MJ kg-1 NE (P＞0.05). The ADG was affected both linearly (P＜0.05) and quadratically (P＜0.05) as the SID lysine:NE ratio increased. The NE density or SID lysine:NE ratio and their interaction had no effect on the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) (P＞0.05). The feed to gain ratio (F:G) decreased (linearly,P＜0.05;quadratically, P＜0.05) as the NE density or SID lysine:NE ratio increased, but no interaction of NE density and SID lysine:NE ratio on the F:G. In Exp. 2, the dietary NE density both linearly (P＜0.05) and quadratically (P＜0.05) affected the ADGand F:G. Barrows that received a diet containing 10.04 MJ kg-1 NE had a greater ADG (P＜0.05) than barrows that received a 9.83 MJ kg-1 diet, but there was no difference (P＞0.05) as compared with barrows that received a diet containing 10.25 MJ kg-1 NE. F:G was significantly higher (P＜0.05) for barrows that received a 9.83 MJ kg-1 diet when compared with barrows that received the other two diets. The ADG was significantly decreased (P＜0.05) for pigs that received a diet containing 0.69 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE ratio when compared with pigs fed a diet containing 0.76 or 0.83 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE ratio. The NE density or SID lysine:NE ratio and their interaction had no effect on the average daily feed intake, SUN, and carcass characteristic for finishing barrows (P＞0.05). The overall results of the two experiments indicated that barrows that received the diet with the dietary CP level reduced 4 percentage units compared the NRC (1998) recommendations.Maximized the best performance with NE density and SID lysine:NE ratio were 9.87 MJ kg-1, 1.03 g MJ-1 NE for 20-50 kg pigs, and 10.04 MJ kg-1, 0.76 g MJ-1 NE for 60-100 kg pigs, respectively.     

日粮纤维对猪营养物质消化率、消化道发育及消化酶活性的影响

使用甜菜渣和苜蓿草粉作为生长猪日粮主要纤维来源,研究日粮中不同含量的纤维对生长猪营养物质消化率、消化道发育和消化酶活性的影响。试验将60头体重为30kg左右的“杜长大”三元杂交猪分为3组,3个组粗纤维含量分别为3%、6%和8%。结果表明,(1)日粮中总能、干物质、粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维随纤维含量的提高,呈现显著的下降趋势(p<0.05)。(2)将日粮中的粗纤维含量提高到8%,显著促进了胰脏和结肠的发育(P>0.05);(3)将日粮中的粗纤维含量提高到8%,显著增加了十二指肠中的总水解蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和胰糜蛋白酶的活性(P<0.05)。     

苜蓿草粉对肥育猪胴体品质及血清指标的影响

 【目的】评价苜蓿草粉对肥育猪胴体品质和血液生化指标的影响。【方法】分两部分进行。试验1,选取体重约50 kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪40头,采用单因子完全随机设计,分为5个组,每组4个重复,分别在饲粮中添加不同比例的苜蓿草粉,依次为：0（对照组）、10%（试验Ⅰ组）、15%（试验Ⅱ组）、20%（试验Ⅲ组）、20%+1%复合纤维素酶（试验Ⅳ组）,测定肥育猪饲喂含不同水平苜蓿草粉饲粮后胴体品质及血液中主要生化指标的变化。试验2,选取体重约50 kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪36头,采用单因子完全随机设计,分为3个组,每组3个重复,分别在饲粮中添加0%的苜蓿草粉和皂苷（对照组）、15%苜蓿草粉（试验Ⅰ组）、0.3%苜蓿皂苷（试验Ⅱ组）,测定肥育猪血液中主要生化指标的变化。【结果】（1）试验1中,各组的眼肌面积、肉色和大理石纹基本无变化,但添加苜蓿草粉后,程度不同地降低了背膘厚、提高了屠宰率和瘦肉率,说明苜蓿草粉对胴体品质有改善,其中以10%、15%组较优。（2）试验1中,添加苜蓿草粉后,提高了血液中GH、Ins和IGF-1含量,但明显降低了血糖和血液中胆固醇的含量。（3）试验2中,肥育猪饲粮中添加苜蓿皂苷和草粉,降低了其血液甘油三酯、胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,升高了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量。【结论】在肥育猪饲粮中添加15%紫花苜蓿草粉对肥育猪的胴体品质和血液生化指标的改善有利,苜蓿草粉的降低血液胆固醇的功能主要是其中皂苷的作用。     

五味子与柠檬酸对生长肥育猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

选用96头健康的、体重平均(20.8±0.9kg)的二元杂交猪(大白×长白)随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头。试验组分别添加1%CA、0.5%SC、1%CA+0.5%SC,对照组为玉米-豆粕型基础日粮。研究日粮中添加五味子(SC)、柠檬酸(CA)对生长肥育猪生长性能、血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加五味子可显著提高生长肥育猪血清中TP含量,降低血清ALT活性(P0.05),二者联合使用可显著提高生长肥育猪血清中TP、HDL含量,降低CHOL含量和ALT活性,提高生长猪的饲料利用效率(P0.05)。五味子、柠檬酸联合使用效果在饲料效率和脂肪代谢方面优于单独使用。     

豆粕和菜籽饼对生长期藏猪的营养价值评定

[目的]通过消化试验来评定豆粕和菜籽饼对生长期藏猪的营养价值。[方法]选择30头平均体质量(12.12±2.56)kg、健康状况良好的藏猪,随机分成3组,分别饲喂基础饲粮、豆粕饲粮(15%豆粕+85%基础饲粮)和菜籽饼饲粮(15%菜籽饼+85%基础饲粮)。采用化学分析法测定豆粕和菜籽饼中干物质(DM)、粗灰分(Ash)、粗脂肪(EE)和粗蛋白(CP)含量,采用内源指示剂(酸不熔灰分)法测定上述养分的表观消化率。[结果]豆粕和菜籽饼中DM、Ash、EE、CP的含量分别为88.49%、5.41%、2.58%、38.86%和90.32%、7.05%、10.23%、29.15%;生长期藏猪对豆粕和菜籽饼中DM、Ash、EE、CP的表观消化率分别为82.84%、27.25%、90.76%、84.36%和80.68%、20.64%、89.12%、79.86%。[结论]豆粕和菜籽饼均能作为生长期藏猪的饲料来源。生长期藏猪对豆粕和菜籽饼中不同养分的表观消化率存在差异,豆粕对生长期藏猪的营养价值高于菜籽饼。     

体外消化技术对玉米-豆粕型饲料中添加木聚糖酶作用效果的评定

研究从木聚糖酶生产优选菌黑曲霉FnD5-2出发,制备木聚糖酶,并进行木聚糖酶活力衰变周期测定和体外消化试验.试验结果表明,木聚糖酶在4、25℃条件下,酶活力半衰期分别为30和14d;体外消化试验表明,在玉米-豆粕型饲料中添加木聚糖酶能显著提高干物质、木聚糖和粗蛋白质消化率,其中木聚糖酶800 U· kg“能提高干物质消化率12.2％、木聚糖消化率60.2％、粗蛋白质消化率2.6％（P＜0.05）.     

肉鸡酵母水解物代谢能及氨基酸可利用率评定

【目的】 评定肉鸡对酵母水解物的表观代谢能、氮校正表观代谢能、回肠表观氨基酸消化率、标准回肠氨基酸消化率、全肠道表观氨基酸消化率,拟为酵母水解物在肉鸡饲粮中的广泛应用提供基础参数。【方法】 选择18 d、体重无差异的科宝白羽肉仔鸡160只,随机分成对照组和试验组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只试验鸡,公母各半。对照组饲喂以玉米淀粉、葡萄糖、纤维、大豆油配制的无氮日粮,试验组饲喂以酵母水解物为唯一粗蛋白质来源的半纯合日粮,对照组和试验组均添加0.5%的二氧化钛作为外源指示剂。试验期间自由采食,全收粪法收集试验鸡22—24 d粪便,并统计该期间肉鸡采食量,通过检测日粮以及粪便中总能、含氮量来计算酵母水解物表观代谢能值和氮校正表观代谢能值。粪便收集完后自由采食,26日龄麻醉剖解收集回肠后半段食靡,分别检测日粮、回肠食糜中氨基酸及二氧化钛含量,计算酵母水解物回肠表观氨基酸消化率、标准回肠氨基酸消化率、全肠道表观氨基酸消化率。【结果】 （1）酵母水解物总能值为18.19 MJ·kg ^-1,表观代谢能值为11.22 MJ·kg ^-1,氮校正表观代谢能为10.17 MJ·kg ^-1,其有效能值与普通豆粕相当。（2）酵母水解物粗蛋白质含量为41.7%,总氨基为36.97%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸之比为44﹕56,与普通豆粕接近;酵母水解物肉鸡限制性氨基酸依次为Met、Met+Cys、Arg、Leu、Ile、Phe+Tyr、Val、His、Lys、Thr、Trp,与豆粕差异较大。（3）酵母水解物回肠表观氨基酸消化率、标准回肠氨基酸消化率、全肠道表观氨基酸消化率均大于70%,肉鸡可利用限制性氨基酸依次为Met、Met+Cys、Arg、Leu、Ile、Thr、Phe+Tyr、His、lys、Val、Trp,蛋氨酸、精氨酸为第一、第二限制性可利用氨基酸,亮氨酸、异亮氨酸为第三、第四限制性可利用氨基酸,苏氨酸可利用较差,为第五限制性可利用氨酸,酵母水解物限制性氨基酸与豆粕差异较大。【结论】 酵母水解物是一种蛋白饲料原料,其蛋白质含量、有效能值与豆粕相当,但其氨基酸组成及氨基酸可利用率与豆粕存在较大差异。因此,酵母水解物在肉鸡日粮中应用,需要考虑补充不同氨基酸或者搭配不同蛋白质饲料来平衡氨基酸的需要。     

日粮粗纤维水平对莱芜猪及其杂交猪氮代谢及营养物质消化率的影响

采用全收粪尿和回肠瘘管法研究了日粮粗纤维水平和不同杂交组合猪对氮代谢和回肠末端营养物质表观消化率的影响。采用二因子二水平有重复设计,选用4月龄莱芜猪及其杂交猪,饲喂不同粗纤维含量(3%、6%、9%、12%)的日粮。日粮纤维水平对食入氮(IN)、粪氮(FN)、消化氮(DN)、沉积氮(RN)、氮表观消化率影响极显著(P<0.01),对尿氮(UN)影响显著(P<0.05);杂交组合对IN、FN、DN、RN、ABV影响极显著(P<0.01)。日粮纤维在较低水平(3%~6%),CP消化率随粗纤维含量增加而提高,随粗纤维含量增加(6%~12%),营养物质消化率显著降低(P<0.05);杂交组合对干物质、CP、钙(Ca)、磷(P)消化率影响极显著(P<0.01),莱芜猪对中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的消化率为51.44%,大约克猪为43.51%,差异显著(P<0.05);NDF和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率随试验猪含莱芜猪血统比例的降低而显著降低;日粮纤维在3%~6%范围内,除赖氨酸、蛋外的必需氨基酸(EAA)随日粮纤维水平的增加显著降低;杂交组合对EAA表观消化率除赖氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸外均不显著(P>0.05)。日粮纤维对猪营养物质的消化吸收具有正负两方面的效应,杂交组合对氮利用率和粗纤维的消化分解率不同。     

Evaluation of Apparent Metabolic Energy,Nitrogen Corrected Metabolic Energy,Biological Value of Protein and Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acid of Yeast Hydrolysate for Broilers

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apparent metabolic energy, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy, ileal apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate in broilers, so as to provide the reference for the wide application of yeast hydrolysate in broiler diets. 【Method】 A total of 160 Cobb white-feathered broilers at 18 days old with no difference in body weight were randomly divided into the control group and experimental group. There were 8 replicates in each group, and 10 chickens with half male and half female were in each replicate. The control group was fed a nitrogen-free diet consisting of corn starch, glucose, fiber and soybean oil, and the experimental group was fed a semi-homozygous diet using yeast hydrolysate as the sole crude protein source. Furthermore, the control group and the experimental group were fed with 0.5% titanium dioxide, respectively, as an exogenous indicator. During the whole experiment, free feeding was available for broilers, feces were collected on 22-24 days using total fecal collection method, and the feed intake of broilers was counted. Further, the apparent metabolic energy of yeast hydrolysate and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy were calculated by measuring the total energy and nitrogen content in both diets and feces of broilers. After26 days of experiment, the latter half of ileum was dissected under anesthesia, the chime was taken out, and the contents of amino acids and titanium dioxide in both diet and ileal chyme were measured to calculate the apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate. 【Result】 (1) The total energy value of yeast hydrolysate was 18.19 MJ·kg ^-1, the apparent metabolic energy value was 11.22 MJ·kg ^-1, and the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy was 10.17 MJ·kg ^-1. Effective energy was equivalent to that of common soybean meal. (2) Crude protein content of yeast hydrolysate was 41.7%, and total amino acid was 36.97%. The ratio of essential amino acid to dispensable amino acid was 44:56, which was close to that of common soybean meal. The limiting amino acids of yeast hydrolysate were Met, Met+Cys, Arg, Leu, Ile, Phe+Tyr, Val, His, lys, Thr and Trp, which were different from soybean meal. (3) The ileal apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate were all higher than 70%. The available limiting amino acids were Met, Met+Cys, Arg, Leu, Ile, Thr, Phe+Tyr, His, Lys, Val, and Trp. Methionine and arginine were the first and the second limiting amino acids, and leucine and isoleucine were the third and the fourth limiting amino acids, respectively. Threonine was poorly available, and was regarded as the fifth restrictive available amino acid. In addition, the limiting amino acids of yeast hydrolysate were quite different to soybean meal. 【Conclusion】 Yeast hydrolysate was a kind of protein feed material. Its protein content and effective energy value were similar to soybean meal, but its amino acid composition and availability were quite different to soybean meal. Therefore, in the application of yeast hydrolysate in broiler diet, it was necessary to consider the need of supplementing different amino acids or mixing different protein feeds to balance amino acids.     

苜蓿结构日粮对鹅血浆酶活性的影响

本试验以含8种等能量等蛋白的不同苜蓿粉配比的结构日粮饲喂3月龄鹅。测定鹅血浆中碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、胆碱酯酶（CHE）、肌酸激酶（CK）、脂肪激酶（LPS）、谷草转氨酶（GOT）、谷丙转氨酶（GET）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的活性，并将其与纤维消化率、钙（Ca）表观消化率、蛋氨酸（Met）和胱氨酸（Cys）的表观消化率进行相关性分析比较。试验结果表明，随着苜蓿粉比例的增加，鹅血浆中的AKP活性呈显著性升高的趋势（P=0．005），并与粗纤维（CF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）消化率呈显著负相关忙0．02，0．04，0．03），与Ca消化率呈极显著正相关（P=0．007）；其他7种酶的活性与CF，NDF，ADF消化率．Ca，Met，Cys表观消化率呈弱相关。     

Effectiveness of dietary xylo-oligosaccharides for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS) on growth performance, meat quality, immune functions, duodenal morphology and intestinal microbial populations of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal basal diet. A total of 450 1-day-old commercial Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly allocated by bodyweight to 1 of 5 treatments with 6 replicate cages(15 broilers per cage) for each of 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. Chicks were fed the basal corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg of XOS kg–1 of diet, respectively, for an experimental duration of 42 days. The results showed that supplementation of XOS affected feed conversion rate(feed/gain, F/G) during days 22–42 and 1–42(P0.03), drip loss in thigh muscle(P=0.02), and duodenal crypt depth(P=0.005) on day 42, but had no effect(P0.05) on all other measured indices. The chicks fed the diet supplemented with 100 mg of XOS kg–1 had the lowest(P0.05) F/G and drip loss in thigh muscle. The drip loss in thigh muscle decreased linearly(P=0.003) as the supplemented XOS increased. Duodenal crypt depth decreased(P0.05) at the supplemental level of 75 mg of XOS kg–1. The results indicate that dietary supplementations of 75 and 100 mg of XOS kg–1 are beneficial to broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet.     

α-半乳糖苷酶对肉鸡生产性能和养分代谢率的影响

为研究在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中添加不同水平的α-半乳糖苷酶制剂对AA肉鸡生产性能和养分代谢率的影响。饲养试验选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡360只,随机分为5个处理,在基础日粮中分别添加0、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20g/kgα-半乳糖苷酶制剂,每个处理6个重复,每个重复12只鸡,试验期6周,测定21d和42d的平均日增体质量、日采食量和料重比。结果表明:0.10、0.15、0.20g/kgα-半乳糖苷酶组显著提高21、42日龄日增体质量,增幅为2.56%～4.54%(P<0.05),降低42日龄的料重比,降幅为1.91%～4.59%(P<0.05);排空强饲代谢试验结果表明:在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加α-半乳糖苷酶,提高了表观代谢能及真代谢能能值,增幅为0.31～0.34MJ/kg(P<0.05),改善了其他营养物质的利用率。综合分析,以0.1～0.2g/kgα-半乳糖苷酶添加水平效果较好。     

苜蓿粉含量对鹅日粮粗纤维和钙磷消化率的影响

为了探讨不同饲粮粗纤维(CF)水平对生长鹅饲料中各种纤维素和钙(Ca)、磷(P)消化率的影响,选取3月龄健康鹅48只,随机分为8组,每组6只,各试验组日粮中分别添加61.5,101.0,136.0,170.5,198.0,225.0,243.0和286.0g/kg苜蓿粉(CF依次为46.9,51.5,60.7,77.6,81.1,95.9,109.2和124.1g/kg),调整各组日粮至代谢能(ME)、粗蛋白(CP)、钙(Ca)、有效磷(AP)、蛋氨酸(Met)、赖氨酸(Lys)等水平基本一致。结果表明,在ME和CP等水平基本一致的条件下,苜蓿粉添加量在61.5~286.0g/kg(CF为46.9~124.1g/kg)时,CF的消化率为17.15%~25.35%,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)21.04%~30.71%,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)19.10%~28.08%,半纤维素(HC)37.53%~72.67%;P表观消化率略有上升,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);Ca表观消化率从苜蓿粉添加量为101.0g/kg时显著下降(P<0.05)。     

低蛋白日粮不同磷水平及添加植酸酶对生长猪生产性能及部分血清生化指标的影响

选择90头平均体重30 kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪,随机分为3处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复6头猪,通过分别饲喂3种日粮:(1)0.30%有效磷高磷组日粮;(2)0.24%有效磷对照组日粮;(3)0.15%有效磷低磷+植酸酶组日粮,来研究在低蛋白日粮中不同磷水平及添加植酸酶对生长猪生产性能血清生化指标的影响。结果表明:各组间的生产性能无显著差异(P>0.05);0.15%+酶低磷组与0.24%对照组相比生产性能相当(P>0.05)。随日粮磷水平升高血清钙浓度有下降的趋势(P>0.05)、血清磷浓度显著升高(P<0.05)、血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),低磷加酶日粮组血清磷酸酶活性最高。     

不同青贮方式对紫花苜蓿青贮饲料饲用品质的影响

试验共设置地上青贮、地下青贮、青贮堆3个处理,发酵60 d后,开窖取样。对不同方式处理的苜蓿青贮饲料的营养成分、发酵品质及体外消化进行分析。结果表明,地上青贮饲料营养成分保存较好,感官得分最高,为16分;青贮堆苜蓿青贮饲料的粗蛋白质含量显著低于其他处理(P0.05),而中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量显著高于其他各处理(P0.05),p H、氨态氮占总氮比例均显著高于其他处理(P0.05),分别为4.71、9.15%;地上青贮饲料营养体外消化率较高,与地下青贮差异不显著(P0.05)。综合考虑发酵品质、体外消化率,认为规模化生产中,最佳的方式为地上青贮。     

Effect of Humulus scandens for Traditional Fiber Sources on Digestion, Diarrhea, and Performance of Growing Rabbits

This work was to determine which concentration of a mixture of fresh Humulus scandens （HS） and fresh alfalfa could be included in diets for rabbits. The fresh forage of three experimental diets is composed of 100% alfalfa, 50% alfalfa ＋ 50% HS, 100% HS, respectively. 30 rabbits [（1.42 ± 0.056） kg] were used to determine nutrient digestibility. A feeding trial was carried out using 90 weaning rabbits [35 d of age; （512±6.5） g]. Increasing content of HS in the diet did not affect digestibility of DM （dry matter）, CF （crude fiber）, CP （crude protein）, GE （gross energy）, and EE （ether extract）. But diarrhea decreased markedly （P〈0.01） compared with the diets that had no HS. ADF1 （average daily feed intake） increased by 4.3% （P 〈 0.05） and 3.6% （P 〈 0.05） when rabbits fed the diet with 100% HS of fresh forage compared with the diets containing 0 and 50% HS, respectively. Feed efficiency improved significantly （P 〈 0.05） by 2.07 and 5.30% when rabbits fed 0 and 50% HS of fresh forage, respectively, compared with 100% HS. There was no effect on ADG （average daily weight gain）. In conclusion, the mixture （50：50） of HS and alfalfa constitutes an alternative source of fiber for fattening rabbits and prevents diarrhea effectively.     

回归法测定生长猪内源钙排泄量及钙真消化率的研究*

 采用多重线性回归法测定生长猪内源钙排泄量及菜粕和豆粕钙的真消化率。试验选用5头健康大白×长白阉公猪为试验动物，平均体重为（21.6±1.43）kg。试验采用5×5拉丁方设计，设5个钙水平（0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%和 0.25%）。日粮以豆粕、葡萄糖、玉米淀粉等为基础，以菜粕为待测植物性饲料，配制半纯合试验日粮，菜粕和豆粕为钙唯一来源。结果表明，生长猪采食豆粕加菜粕日粮的内源钙的排泄量为（0.61±0.18）g/kg DMI，对菜粕钙真消化率为（48.72±24.04）%，对豆粕钙真消化率为（67.80±7.12）%。相对于表观消化率，日粮钙真消化率更稳定（表观消化率为7.85%～48.37%；真消化率为59.63%～66.78%）。豆粕和菜粕钙表观消化率可加性差，而真消化率配制日粮具有很好的可加性。     

低蛋白日粮不同磷水平及添加植酸酶对生长猪氮磷代谢的影响

通过一个饲养试验和一个代谢试验研究不同磷水平及添加植酸酶对生长猪生产性能和氮磷代谢的影响。选择90头平均体质重30 kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪,随机分为3个处理,饲养分别饲喂以下日粮。(1)0.30%高磷组日粮;(2)0.24%对照组日粮;(3)0.15%低磷+植酸酶低磷组日粮。代谢试验采用3×3的拉丁方设计,选用3头体质重40 kg左右去势公猪,饲养在代谢笼中轮换饲喂上述3种试验日粮,采用全收粪尿法。结果表明:高磷水平日粮组有改善猪只采食量、日增重和饲料效率的趋势(P>0.05),低磷加酶组、高磷组和对照组相比生产性能无显著差异(P>0.05)。粪中磷排出量随日粮磷含量的降低而显著下降(P<0.05),低磷加酶组、高磷组和对照组日粮相比,粪中磷排出量分别下降58%和43%。各处理组间磷沉积量差异不显著(P>0.05)。