Energy requirements of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes during non-pregnancy and lactation

This experiment was conducted to investigate the energy requirement of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes during non-pregnancy and lactation. Fifteen ewes after parturition were randomly assigned to three treatments: ad libitum(100%) feed intake and 80 or 60% ad libitum intake, and another nine non-pregnant ewes were assigned to a blank control group. Digestibility trials were performed in the non-pregnant ewes and in the lactating ewes on the 20 th, 50 th, and 80 th d of lactation. In parallel with the digestibility trial, a respirometry experiment was conducted to determine the methane and carbon dioxide production with an open-circuit respirometry system that was equipped with respiratory chambers. The net energy(NE) and metabolizable energy(ME) requirements for maintenance and growth were calculated using the carbon and nitrogen balance method. The results revealed that the carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) excretions and energy losses at faeces and urine, as well as the output of methane and CO2, increased significantly with decreasing feed intake(P0.01). The apparent digestibilities of C in th e stages of non-pregnancy and early, middle and late lactation were 55.8–58.3%, 62.5–73.8%, 64.8–71.3%, and 61.7–65.0%, respectively, and the apparent digestibilities of N were 45.2–51.3%, 73.7–82.7%, 72.8–80.5%, and 73.6–76.5%, respectively. The corresponding energy apparent digestibilities were 52.0–56.3%, 60.7–76.6%, 61.0–68.8%, and 61.4–67.7%, respectively. The ME/DE(digestible energy) values were 79.5–85.9%, 79.4–83.5%, 81.0%–85.3% and 78.6–82.9%, respectively. The maintenance requirements of NE, ME, and the efficiencies of ME utilisation for maintenance during the stages of non-pregnancy and early, middle and late lactation were 215.5, 253.1, 247.7, and 244.7 k J kg~(–1) BW0.75 d, and 372.4, 327.1, 320.9, and 362.0 k J kg~(–1) BW0.75 d, and 0.58, 0.77, 0.77, and 0.68, respectively. The ME requirement for the growth of non-pregnant ewes was 31.3 MJ kg~(–1) BW gain.     

Regeneration of Lo Han Kuo （Siraitia grosvenori） in vitro by Direct Organogenesis

The traditional technique for asexual propagation of Siraitia grosvenori in vitro is adopted widely by pressing the vine, which has a high risk of carrying viral diseases and limits the production of promoted cultivars. So this paper reported in vitro regeneration of S. grosvenori by testing for shoot induction from various explant sources such as leaf, petiole and stem. Several phytohormone combinations of TDZ, BA and IAA were examined for shoot regeneration and NAA or IBA for rooting. The highest shoot in...     

Study on FSHR and LHR mRNA Levels of Different BMPRIB Genotypes of Small Tail Han Sheep During the Oestrum

The relationship between different BMPRIB genotypes of Small Tail Han sheep and FSHR and LHR mRNA levels during the oestrum was studied using semiquantitative PCR. The results indicated that FSHR mRNA extracted from the right ovary of BB (1.14 ± 0.11) ewes showed higher levels compared with AA (0.44 ± 0.11) and AB (0.36±0.08) ewes (P ＜ 0.01), and LHR mRNA extracted from the right ovary of BB (0.42±0.02) ewes showed significantly higher levels compared with AA (0.23 ±0.02) and AB (0.25 ±0.04) ewes (P＜0.01); however, the mRNA extracted from the left ovary showed no significant difference in levels among the genotypes during the oestrum. It indicated that the fecundity induced by a mutation of BMPRIB in Small Tail Han sheep may be related to the changes of the mRNA expression of LHR and FSHR in ovary.     

Analysis of readers＇ requirements in university library by Lending statistics——a case study of shenyang pharmaceutical university

图书馆的读者统计能进一步了解读者行为和读者阅读规律。通过对2010年沈阳药科大学图书馆中文图书的借阅数据进行统计,揭示年度图书的总流通量及各学科图书的流通量,分析读者的主要阅读需求,从中总结馆藏结构应注意的问题。     

Characteristics of recombinant lines of lentil L. culinaris × L. orientalis

As a result of interspecific hybridization of lentil Lens culinaris with wild species L. orientalis, breeding lines recombinant on the basis of flower color, seed coat, and cotyledon have been created. The availability of recombinations in progeny of hybrids is proven by RAPD-analysis. According to morphological characteristics, the best breeding lines are close to cultural varieties and may be used as initial material for breeding.     

Analysis of Disequilibrium Hybridization in Hybrid and Backcross Progenies of Saccharum officinarum × Erianthus arundinaceus

Erianthus arundinaceus is an important, closely related genus of Saccharum officinarum L. It is therefore important to understand how the chromosomes are transmitted when it hybridizes with sugarcane. The hybrids and backcross progenies of S. officinarum and E. arundinaceus and their parents were used for Karyotype analysis and to study the law of chromosome transmission. The results showed that the somatic chromosome number of both of the E. arundinaceus Hainan92-105 and Hainan92-77 were 2n = 60 = 60sm, belonging to type 1 A, and the BC1 YC01-21 was 2n = 104 = 100m ＋ 4sm, belonging to type 2C. The other six tested clones belonged to type 2B. The both F1s YC96-66 and YC96-40 that originated from Badila （2n = 80 = 70m ＋ 10sm） with E. Arundinaceus were 2n = 70 = 68m ＋ 2sm, which suggests an n ＋ n transmission. The cross between YC96-66 （female parent） and CP84-1198 （male parent, 2n = 120 = 114m ＋ 6sm） also followed the same genetic law and the somatic chromosome number of their progeny, YC01-3 （2n = 105 = 95m ＋ 10sm）. The cross derived from YC96- 40 （female） and CP84-1198 （male）, YC01-21 had 2n = 104 = 100m ＋ 4sm chromosomes, following the same genetic law of n ＋ n. However, YC01-36 had 2n = 132 = 130m ＋ 2sm chromosomes, which suggests a 2n ＋ n chromosome transmission. It can be inferred that the inheritance of chromosomes was very complex in the BC1. The difference in chromosome number between clones was as high as 28. This could be explained by the 2n ＋ n transmission of chromosomes. In addition, as there was not be a regular number of haploids, this phenomenon is termed as disequilibrium hybridization.     

Perform Stability of Isoflavones of Soybean Cultivar Evaluated by Genotype-genotype×environment(GGE) Biplot

As one of the secondary metabolites, the isoflavones formed during the development of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] seeds.The total and individual isoflavone contents, a typical quantitative trait, were affected by significant genotypes of environments(GE) interaction and controlled by many genes with main or minor effects.In the present study, 99 soybean cultivars, collected from northeastern China, were used to analyze the isoflavone performances.Genotype-genotype×environment(GGE) biplot software demonstrated an ability to provide information on genetic main effects than solely on phenotypic perform.Highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC) system was used to extract and determine the isoflavone contents.The results indicated that most genotypes significantly varied among six tested environments.P40(Xiaolimoshidou) was the best-performed genotype with mean performance and stability for glycitein content across six different environments.P88(L-59 Peking) was the super genotype with mean performance and stability on each tested environment for daidzein, genistein and the total isoflavone.E5(Gongzhuling in 2016) was the best environment for optimal environmental factor mining.P70(Charleston), P67(Baichengmoshidou) and P50(Jiunong 20) were the optimal genotypes with the highest field among 99 cultivars on each tested environment for genistein.P70(Charleston), P67(Baichengmoshidou) and P14(Hefeng 25) were the optimal genotypes with the highest field among 99 cultivars on each tested environment for daidzein.P40(Xiaolimoshidou), P45(Jinshanchamodou), P33(Dongnong 48) and P56(L-5) were the optimal genotypes with the highest field among 99 cultivars on each tested environment for glycitein.P70(Charleston) and P67(Baichengmoshidou) were the optimal genotypes with the highest field among 99 cultivars on each tested environment for the total isoflavone.GGE biplot was a rational method for stability and adaptation evaluation of soybean isoflavones, and could assist soybean breeder to select a good culture and a suitable tested site.It provided a scientific basis for the establishment of a breeding site and a selection site of soybean isoflavones.This study was valuable to identify genotypes with stable performances of isoflavones of these 99 cultivars for developing new cultivars.     

A SSR Linkage Map of Maize×Teosinte F2 Population and Analysis of Segregation Distortion

In this study,a linkage genetic map was constructed using a F2 population derived from a cross between a elite maize inbred,B73,and its progenitor,Teosinte(Z. mays ssp.mexicana),through 205 simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers and one morphological marker.By Mapmaker 3.0,polymorphic markers were clustered into 1 0 groups,covering 10 chromosomes of maizexteosinte,with a total length of 2002.4 cM and an average interval of 9.7 cM.Genotyping errors were detected using R/QTL(LOD=2.0)in 109 markers referring to 176 individuals,distributed across all 10 chromosomes with a ratio 1.2%.Projected error loci were re-run and 304 out of the 460 were confirmed as errors and replaced.A new linkage map was constructed,in which markers maintained the same order but the total map length decreased to 1947.8 cM,with an average interval of 9.4 cM between markers.In total,25.2%(P<0.05)markers were identified to have segregation distortion,in which 34.6%deviated towards the pollination parent(B73),30.8%deviated towards Teosinte,32.7%deviated towards heterozygote and 1.9%deviated towards both parents,This map was also compared with published nlaizexteosinte and maize IBM map.     

Development of an Efficient Plant Regeneration System for Pelargonium×Citrosum Vanleenii

[Objective]As a mosquito-repelling ornamental plant,Pelargonium×Citrosum Vanleenii(P.× Citrosum Vanleenii)is hard to be acquired because of its hybrid background,the paper was to a new regeneration system of(P.× Citrosum Vanleenii).[Method] By studying the influence of plant growth regulators(PGRs)on explant type(leaves and petioles),the optimal combinations of PGRs to maximize SELSs(somatic embryo-like structure)and buds were established.[Result]0.2 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L BA was best for LS(leaves segments)and 0.2 mg/L NAA + 1.5 mg/L BAs was best for PS(petioles segments).Cultured plantlets were successfully acclimatized in soil where they grew normally without any morphological variation.Although both LS and PS were usable,the leaf was a better explant for induction of embryogenic calli,somatic embryo-like structures and buds.[Conclusion]This work offered a rapid and efficient system for plant regeneration of P.×Citrosum Vanleenii.     

Protein requirements of early-weaned Dorper crossbred female lambs

The net protein(NP) and metabolizable protein(MP) requirements of Dorper crossbred female lambs from 20 to 35 kg body weight(BW) were assessed in a comparative slaughter trial. Thirty-five Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred lambs weaned at approximately 50 d of age((19.1±2.37) kg of BW) were used. Seven randomly selected lambs were slaughtered at the beginning of the trial as baseline group(BL). An intermediate group of seven randomly selected lambs fed ad libitum(AL) intake was slaughtered when the lambs reached an average BW of 28.6 kg. The remaining 21 lambs were allotted randomly to three levels of dry matter intake: AL or restricted to 70 or 40% of the AL intake. All lambs were slaughtered when the sheep fed AL intake reached 35 kg of BW. Total body N and N retention were determined. The results showed that the maintenance requirements for NP and MP were 1.75 and 3.37 g kg~(–1) metabolic shrunk body weight(SBW0.75), respectively. The partial efficiency of protein use for maintenance was 0.52. The NP requirements for growth ranged from 10.9 to 42.4 g d~(–1) for the lambs gaining 100 to 350 g d~(–1) from 20 to 35 kg BW. The partial efficiency of MP for growth was 0.52. In conclusion, the NP and MP requirements for the maintenance and growth of Dorper crossbred female lambs were lower than those reported by AFRC(1993) and NRC(2007) recommendations.     

空怀期陕北白绒山羊母羊蛋白质需要量研究

【目的】研究空怀期陕北白绒山羊的蛋白质需要量,为建立和完善陕北白绒山羊饲养标准提供基础数据。【方法】将体质量相近、健康状况良好的24只第2胎次空怀期陕北白绒山羊母羊随机分成4组,各组试验羊分别饲喂消化能水平均为NRC(1981)肉用和奶用山羊推荐维持需要量的1.2倍、粗蛋白质水平分别为NRC(1981)肉用和奶用山羊推荐维持需要量的80%,90%,100%和110%饲粮,进行为期66d的饲养试验(其中预试期7d);同时在试验中期(第25天),每组选择3只羊按照全收粪、尿法进行为期7d的消化代谢试验。【结果】(1)空怀期陕北白绒山羊母羊对4种日粮粗蛋白质的表观消化率差异不显著(P0.05),平均为(65.54±0.43)%;(2)供试羊平均日增质量随日粮粗蛋白质和可消化粗蛋白质摄入量的增加呈近似于直线的变化(P0.05),其相关系数分别为0.989 6和0.982 5。【结论】建立了空怀期陕北白绒山羊母羊粗蛋白质(CP)和可消化粗蛋白质营养需要量(DCP)与代谢体质量(W0.75)和平均日增质量(ADG)间的回归方程,确定了空怀期陕北白绒山羊母羊饲粮中粗蛋白质和可消化粗蛋白质水平(以风干样为基础)分别以8.29%～10.43%和5.43%～6.83%较为适宜。     

开食料补饲日龄对‘湖羊’羔羊体尺、屠宰性能及内脏发育的影响

【目的】通过研究开食料补饲日龄对‘湖羊’羔羊体尺、屠宰性能及内脏发育的影响,旨在确定‘湖羊’羔羊适宜的开食料补饲时间.【方法】试验选用78只出生体质量接近(3.41±0.25)kg的‘湖羊’公羔,随机分为2组,分别为7d补饲组和42d补饲组,2组均在第56天断奶.第0、14、28、42、56、70、84天测定羔羊体质量、体尺、宰前活质量、胴体质量和内脏质量,并计算屠宰率.【结果】7d补饲组羊羔第84天体高、第14天和第42天胸围显著高于42d补饲组(P0.05);第56天宰前活质量7d补饲组有高于42d补饲组的趋势(P=0.094),且第84天胴体质量和宰前活质量均显著高于42d补饲组(P0.05);第28天屠宰率42d补饲组有高于7d补饲组的趋势(P=0.072),第42天显著高于7d补饲组(P0.05),而第84天屠宰率7d补饲组有高于42d补饲组的趋势(P=0.056);3)7d补饲组第42天肝脏质量显著高于42d补饲组(P0.05),第84天有高于42d补饲组的趋势(P=0.085);7d补饲组第42天肾脏和第56天胰腺有高于42d补饲组的趋势(P=0.095;P=0.079).【结论】此试验中,第56天断奶条件下,7d补饲比42d补饲更利于‘湖羊’羔羊的生长发育.     

滩羊与小尾寒羊杂交F_1羔羊主要性状的相关和回归分析

利用SAS V6.12统计分析软件对185只滩羊与小尾寒羊杂交F1羔羊体重以及7个羊毛性状指标进行了表型相关和回归分析.结果表明:初生弯曲数与其他各项羊毛性状间均表现极显著的正相关(P<0.01),说明在选育中加强羔羊毛初生弯曲数的选择是一种有效地提高其他各项羊毛性状的途径.     

新美系猪的生长肥育和肉用性状分析

试验在湖南新五丰股份有限公司湘潭原种猪场进行,共设杜洛克(D)、长白(L)、大白(Y)猪和长×大(LY)、大×长(YL)、杜×长大(DLY)6个组,每组选取健康、体重25kg左右的猪12头,公母各半,饲养至组平均体重约100kg时,每组选取4头(公母各半)进行屠宰测定和肉质分析.结果表明,美系猪选育群各品种猪的日增重达...     

品种与日龄对断奶羔羊生长性能及主要消化器官质量的影响

【目的】研究品种及日龄对绵羊断奶羔羊生长性能及其主要消化器官质量的影响,为我国地方绵羊品种资源的利用和肥羔肉的生产提供指导。【方法】选择健康无病、60日龄断奶的小尾寒羊、滩羊、蒙古羊各40只,分别在80,120,160和200日龄,各品种随机选择10只羔羊屠宰,测定其生长性能、平均日增质量和相对生长速率,并测定胃、胰腺、肝脏和小肠的质量。【结果】绵羊品种与日龄对羔羊体质量、平均日增质量和相对生长速率均有显著影响(P<0.05)。各品种羔羊体质量在80与120日龄间差异不明显(P>0.05),在120与160日龄间差异显著(P<0.05),在160与200日龄间,小尾寒羊和蒙古羊体质量差异显著(P<0.05),而滩羊则不显著(P>0.05)。3个绵羊品种相比,小尾寒羊的平均日增质量和相对生长速率均最高,蒙古羊的均最低。日龄对各绵羊品种胃、肝、小肠质量增加影响显著(P<0.05),而对胰腺质量增加影响不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】120~160日龄是断奶羔羊快速生长阶段;小尾寒羊的生长性能优于滩羊和蒙古羊,宜作为肥羔生产的良种母本推广;羔羊胰腺的发育要早于胃、肝和小肠。     

高山美利奴育成羊的能量与蛋白质需要量

[目的]研究高山美利奴育成羊的能量与蛋白质需要量,为制定其饲养标准提供基础数据和理论支撑.[方法]试验选取健康、体况良好的14月龄高山美利奴育成公羊(46.50±2.12 kg)和母羊(35.75±2.31 kg)各24只作为供试动物.试验共计40 d,包括5 d过渡期,10 d预试期和25 d正试期;过渡期每天早晚饲...     

西北肉用绵羊新品种陶波滩寒蒙组合生长发育性状的改良效果

以引进的无角陶赛特羊、渡德代及本地滩羊与小尾寒羊及蒙古羊不同杂交组合的后代(杂交一代、杂交二代及杂交三代)为研究对象,采用随机抽样的方法.对已培育出的西北肉用绵羊新品种群的部分杂交组合生长发育性状,在不同月龄通过测定体重体尺指标进行研究.探讨了培育新品种最佳的杂交组合模式.结果表明,杂种三代生长发育速度快于杂种二代.杂种二代生长发育速度优于杂种一代:三种杂交组合改良小尾寒羊及蒙古羊的效果都好,尤其是高代或三元杂交的经济效应更为显著.因此.选择理想型的三代或二代杂种羊进行横交固定培育新品种的技术方案是可行的.     

全株玉米青贮饲喂小尾寒羊和不同组合杂交羊生产性能的比较

【目的】在国家大力推进"粮改饲"的背景下,研究以全株玉米青贮为基础的全混合日粮(total mixed ration,TMR)饲喂小尾寒羊和不同组合杂交羊,对其生长性能、屠宰性能和经济效益的影响,为推进全株玉米青贮应用和肉羊健康养殖提供理论支持。【方法】以尼龙袋法对全株玉米青贮前后的营养成分和瘤胃降解性进行评价;饲养试验中选择4个不同品种的3月龄断奶健康公羔羊各30只,体重相近(27.6±1.7)kg,以品种差异分为4个处理,分别是小尾寒羊(SH),"杜泊×小尾寒羊"杂交F1(DH),"蒙古羊×小尾寒羊"杂交F1(MH)和"杜泊×洼地绵羊"杂交F1(DW),每处理3个重复,每重复10只羊,饲喂以全株玉米青贮为基础的TMR,精粗比25:75。预试期10 d,正试期80 d,进行生长性能和屠宰性能的测定。【结果】与青贮前相比,青贮后粗蛋白质含量无显著差异(P0.05),DM含量、有机物(OM)含量和瘤胃降解参数的快速降解部分(a值)显著提高(P0.01),NDF含量、ADF含量和有效降解率显著降低(P0.001)。生产性能方面,不同组合杂交羊比小尾寒羊DMI有增加的趋势(0.05P0.1);杜寒和杜洼杂交羊ADG、FCR、胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率、净肉率和胴体净肉率显著高于小尾寒羊(P0.05)。经济效益方面,各处理的饲料成本无显著差异(P0.05),杜寒和杜洼杂交羊净肉增重、产肉效益和生产利润显著高于小尾寒羊和蒙寒杂交羊(P0.01)。【结论】全株玉米青贮适宜作为肉羊育肥TMR主要饲料来源,不同品种的肉羊均表现出良好的生产性能。其中,杜寒和杜洼杂交羊的生产性能和经济效益均优于小尾寒羊和蒙寒杂交羊,而小尾寒羊和蒙寒杂交羊生产性能无显著差异。由此,杜寒和杜洼杂交羊更适合作为黄淮海农区肉羊育肥品种。