Effects of organic chromium supplementation to ifnishing lambs diet on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality

The objective of this study was to evaluate supplemental organic chromium (Cr) to ifnishing lambs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Eighteen Suffolk lambs (age (4.5±0.2)...     

Effects of organic chromium supplementation to finishing lambs diet on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality

The objective of this study was to evaluate supplemental organic chromium(Cr) to finishing lambs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Eighteen Suffolk lambs(age(4.5±0.2) mon;(25.8±3.6) kg body weight(BW)) were randomly assigned to three levels of supplemental organic Cr(0.0, 0.2 and 0.4 mg kg–1 dry matter(DM)) in a complete random design. Growth performance was evaluated for 70 d, and then lambs were slaughtered to study carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat. Orthogonal contrasts were performed(contrast one-average level 0.2 ppm Cr vs. average level 0.4 ppm Cr; contrast two-level 0 vs. average levels(0.2+0.4) ppm Cr). Orthogonal polynomials were used to estimate the linear and quadratic effects of Cr concentrations. Growth and carcass performance were not affected by supplemental organic Cr. Muscle conformation and leg perimeter linearly increased(P<0.05) as organic Cr level increased in the diet. Kidney fat decreased linearly(P<0.05) as supplemental Cr increased. In Longissimus dorsi(LD), the ash content decreased linearly, and shear force(kg cm–2) increased(P<0.05) as organic Cr level increased in the diet. It is concluded that organic Cr did not affect growth performance, but it improved positively the muscle conformation, reduced kidney fat, whereas in LD there was an increment in shear force in finishing carcass lambs.     

不同饲料添加剂对商品猪生长性能及胴体肉品质影响

试验研究了甜菜碱、VE和B族维生素对杂交商品猪的生长肥育性能及胴体内品质的影响。结果表明：日粮中添加100g／100kg甜菜碱、45g／100kg B族维生素（简称VB）和20g／100kg VE的试验组日增重都明显提高,分别比对照组提高72g（P〈0．05）、43．7g（P〈0．05）和29．8g（P〈0.05）,料重比三个试验组比对照组有降低的趋势（P〉0.05）。甜菜碱、VE和VB对试验猪的胴体内品质都有改善作用。与对照组相比,甜菜碱组和VB组的眼肌面积分别提高22．54％和17．29％;背膘厚VE组和甜菜碱组分别降低23．13％和14．18％;瘦肉率VE组、甜菜碱组和VB组分别提高10．36％（P〈0．05）、7．42％（P〉0．05）和4．62％（P〉0．05）。肉色和大理石纹评分甜菜碱组和VE组分别提高18．87％、20％和18．87％、30％,失水率VE组降低48．47％。肌内脂肪VE组、VB组和甜菜碱组分别提高25％、23．93％和10．71％。利用综合选择指数就甜菜碱、VE和VB对试验猪的影响进行综合评定,结果显示：VE对试验猪的肥育性能和内质改良效果最好。     

性别对配套系商品猪生长性能及胴体肉品质影响

选择体重30 kg左右的杂交商品猪92头,公猪去势,母猪不去势,研究性别对猪只生长肥育性能、胴体性能和肉品质的影响。结果表明:公猪组与母猪组相比,30~100 kg期内增重和平均日增重分别提高5.86%(P<0.01)和6.87%(P<0.01);平均背膘厚和皮脂率分别提高27.76%(P<0.01)和20.46%(P<0.01);大理石纹评分和肌内脂肪分别提高11.56%(P<0.05)和7.25%(P>0.05)。母猪组与公猪组相比,眼肌面积增加20.51%(P<0.01);瘦肉率提高5.32个百分点(P<0.01);熟肉率提高1.10%(P>0.05)。性别对猪只的生长肥育性能和胴体性能有显著的影响,对肉质的影响不明显。     

酵母铬制剂对猪血液生理生化指标和肉品质的影响

选用杜长大杂交生长猪 90头 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组 2个重复 ,每个重复 1 5头 .在各组的基础饲粮中分别添加 0、2 0 0、5 0 0 μg·kg- 1酵母铬 (以 Cr元素计 ) ,进行为期 1 0 5 d的饲养试验 .结果表明 :(1 )添加酵母铬可显著提高猪平均日增重和料肉比 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;(2 )添加酵母铬可显著提高眼肌面积和后腿与胴体的比率 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,且改善了肉色和肌肉大理石纹 ,显著降低肌肉失水率、滴水损失率和平均背脂厚度 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;(3 )添加酵母铬降低了血清中甘油三酯、葡萄糖、总胆固醇、尿素氮及肌酐的含量 ,显著提高血清总蛋白和胰岛素的含量 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇亦略有所提高 ;(4 )不同停药期和无停药期组的肝脏和肌肉的 Cr含量均未超过国家食品限量标准 ;(5 )添加酵母铬制剂可提高动物机体对葡萄糖的耐量 .由此可见 ,在饲粮中添加酵母铬不仅可促进猪的生长 ,而且可提高胴体及屠宰品质 .     

富集环境对育肥猪生产性能及胴体肉品质影响

为了解富集环境对育肥猪生产性能、胴体品质和肉质影响,将杜长大(杜洛克×长白×大白n=60)、大杜民(大白×杜洛克×民猪n=60)和杜长民(杜洛克×长白×民猪n=60)育肥猪分别饲养在富集和贫瘠环境圈舍,测定其生产性能,胴体品质及肉质。结果表明,畜舍环境对育肥猪生产性能和胴体品质无显著影响(P0.05),但富集环境中育肥猪屠宰后24 h肌肉p H(p H24)显著高于贫瘠环境(P0.05);与大杜民和杜长民相比,杜长大生长至100 kg时间短(P0.001),日增重和胴体眼肌面积较大(P0.05),胴体平均背膘厚较小(P0.05);大杜民和杜长民p H24显著高于杜长大(P0.05)、肉色亮度(L*)显著低于杜长大(P0.05)。富集环境对育肥猪生产性能和胴体品质无显著影响,但有助于改善肉质。民猪杂交育肥猪生产性能稍差,胴体脂肪比例偏高,肉多汁性较好。     

半胱胺对肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

试验设4个处理组,对照组日粮为基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组日粮分别在基础日粮基础上添加半胱胺100、200、300 mg/kg,研究不同剂量半胱胺对肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响。结果表明,与对照组比较,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的平均日增重分别显著提高4.20%、5.97%、4.32%,料重比分别降低4.65%、7.84%、5.52%,臀腿比例分别显著提高8.25%、10.37%、8.96%,眼肌面积分别显著增加11.14%、13.91%、13.00%,平均背膘厚度分别显著降低13.63%、16.78%、16.43%,瘦肉率分别显著提高5.31%、7.86%、5.34%;在肥育猪日粮中添加适宜剂量的半胱胺能明显提高肥育猪的生产性能,而过量添加的效果并不明显。     

Effects of feeding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), organic selenium and chromium mixed on growth performance and carcass traits of hair lambs

Yeasts and organic minerals are used in diets to improve health, productive performance and some carcass characteristics of ruminants and non-ruminants. Thirty-two lambs(Pelibuey×Katahdin; BW=(30.55±1.67) kg; n=8) were used in a 56-d feeding experiment to study the effects of different levels of live yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae; yeast), selenium(Se) and chromium(Cr) mixed(Se-Cr), and a mixture of yeast-Se-Cr on growth performance and carcass traits. Animals were stratified by body weight(BW) and randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1) control group(0.0 g kg–1 yeast); 2) yeast(1.50 g kg–1 dry matter intake(DMI) d–1); 3) Se-Cr premix(1.5 mg kg–1 DMI d–1 for each mineral); and 4) yeast-Se-Cr mixture. There were no treatment effects on final BW; whereas lambs fed Se-Cr or yeast-Se-Cr had higher(P<0.05) DMI than animals supplemented with only yeast. Average daily gain(ADG), gain:feed ratio, chop area, dorsal fat and carcass yield were similar(P>0.05) among treatment groups. In conclusion, supplementation with yeast, Se-Cr mixed or yeast-Se-Cr did not improve ADG, final BW, back fat content and carcass yield of growing of Pelibuey×Katahdin lambs. Supplementation with Se-Cr and yeast-Se-Cr increased DMI, and approximately 250 g ADG animal–1 d–1 was produced with no negative effects on growth and health of the animals.     

CrPic对生长肥育猪肥育性能及胴体组成和肉质的影响

通过饲养、屠宰试验和胴体组成测定，探讨了羧酸吡啶铬对生长肥育猪肥育性能、胴体组成和肉质的影响。对杜长大杂种猪分别饲喂含0，200，400μg·kg-1羧酸吡啶铬的日粮，测定其结果表明：羧酸吡啶铬显著地降低了猪的采食量和料重比，并有提高日增重的趋势；它可以使猪的瘦肉率、眼肌面积、最长肌和半腱肌的重量明显提高，脂肪率和背膘厚显著下降。此外，羧酸吡啶铬可增加猪背最长肌中粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量、RNA含量及RNA/DNA比值。     

Effects of feeding yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae), organic selenium and chromium mixed on growth performance and carcass traits of hair lambs

Yeasts and organic minerals are used in diets to improve health, productive performance and some carcass characteristics of ruminants and non-ruminants. Thirty-two lambs(Pelibuey×Katahdin; BW=(30.55±1.67) kg; n=8) were used in a 56-d feeding experiment to study the effects of different levels of live yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae; yeast), selenium(Se) and chromium(Cr) mixed(Se-Cr), and a mixture of yeast-Se-Cr on growth performance and carcass traits. Animals were stratified by body weight(BW) and randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1) control group(0.0 g kg–1 yeast); 2) yeast(1.50 g kg–1 dry matter intake(DMI) d–1); 3) Se-Cr premix(1.5 mg kg–1 DMI d–1 for each mineral); and 4) yeast-Se-Cr mixture. There were no treatment effects on final BW; whereas lambs fed Se-Cr or yeast-Se-Cr had higher(P0.05) DMI than animals supplemented with only yeast. Average daily gain(ADG), gain:feed ratio, chop area, dorsal fat and carcass yield were similar(P0.05) among treatment groups. In conclusion, supplementation with yeast, Se-Cr mixed or yeast-Se-Cr did not improve ADG, final BW, back fat content and carcass yield of growing of Pelibuey×Katahdin lambs. Supplementation with Se-Cr and yeast-Se-Cr increased DMI, and approximately 250 g ADG animal–1 d–1 was produced with no negative effects on growth and health of the animals.     

超微粉碎茶粉对猪生长和胴体品质的影响

为了研究超微粉碎茶粉对育肥猪生长和胴体品质的影响,选用240头平均体重65 kg的杜大长三元杂交猪,分别饲喂添加超微粉碎茶粉0,05,10和20 g·kg-1饲料。试验为期40天,试验开始和结束时,每头猪分别称重,计算增重、平均日增重、耗料和耗料增重比。于试验结束日采用piglog 105 猪胴体瘦肉率超声波测定仪检测猪背膘厚度、眼肌面积和瘦肉率。每组选取体重相近的试验猪6头(3公3母)进行屠宰,采血样,测定胴体长、各部位背膘厚度和眼肌面积。在自动生化分析仪上测定血糖、血清甘油三酯、胆固醇和尿素氮。结果表明: 添加不同量的超微粉碎茶粉对猪的生长没有显著影响;添加茶粉后活体估测胸腰结合部背膘厚分别降低119 mm(P>005),342 mm(P<005)和410 mm(P<005),眼肌面积分别提高970%,870%和1007%(P<005),瘦肉率也有不同程度的提高;屠宰试验,除胸腰结合部(P<005)外,添加茶粉对其他部位的背膘没有显著影响(P>005),眼肌面积有不同程度的提高;血液指标测定,添加茶粉后降低了血脂和胆固醇(其中20 g·kg-1添加组,P<005),而血糖和尿素氮含量不显著受影响。试验结果表明,添加超微粉碎茶粉在不影响猪增重的情况下,一定程度改善猪的胴体品质,其作用机理可能与降低血脂有关。     

"十全大补"药渣对肥育猪生长、胴体特性和肉质的影响

研究在基础日粮中添加不同剂量"十全大补"药渣对肥育猪生长性能、胴体特性和肉质的影响.与对照组比较,肥育猪日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的中草药渣日增重分别增加7.40%(P＜0.05)、12.88%(P＜0.05)和9.75%(P＜0.05),料重比分别降低5.20%(P＜0.05)、7.23%(P＜0.05)和6.07%(P＜0.05);瘦肉率分别提高3.86%(P＞0.05)、6.27%(P＜0.05)和5.80%(P＜0.05),脂肪率分别降低6.42%(P＜0.05)、9.63%(P＜0.05)和9.30%(P＜0.05),背膘厚分别降低7.20%(P＜0.05)、13.26%(P＜0.05)和12.12%(P＜0.05),眼肌面积分别提高4.46%(P＞0.05)、9.24%(P＜0.05)和6.30%(P＜0.05);肌肉红色色度分别提高2.75%(P＞0.05)、6.67%(P＜0.05)和3.92%(P＞0.05),滴水损失率分别降低9.32%(P＜0.05)、12.42%(P＜0.05)和8.07%(P＜0.05);粗脂肪含量分别提高20.80%(P＜0.05)、28.47%(P＜0.01)和25.55%(P＜0.01).结果表明"十全大补"药渣可作为肥育猪饲料添加剂,具有改善其生长、胴体特性和肉质的效果.     

日粮纤维对肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

以甜菜渣和苜蓿草粉作日粮的主要纤维源研究日粮中不同含量的纤维对肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响 .结果表明 :日粮中粗纤维质量分数为 6% ,可以获得较为理想的生产性能 ,对胴体品质没有不良影响 ;粗纤维质量分数为 8% ,猪表现为生产性能低下 ,屠宰率显著降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,背最长肌肌内脂肪的含量显著降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,背膘中粪臭素的含量显著提高 (P<0 .0 5 ) .     

复合添加剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体性状和肌肉品质的影响

以1日龄、健壮的艾维菌(Avian)肉仔鸡630只(公、母各半)为试验动物,以按NRC微营养素推荐标准配制的营养性预混料为试验基础,以对鸡肉品质有调控作用的营养素组成的复合维生素、复合微量元素和复合生物活性物质添加剂为试验因素,采用3因子5水平二次回归通用旋转组合设计,分成21个组(其中1个为对照组),按照15种饲喂水...     

Effects of carcass weight,sex and breed composition on meat cuts and carcass trait in finishing pigs

Pork cutting is a very important processing in promoting economic appreciation across the swine business chain. The goal of this research is to determine the proportion and weight of meat cuts, as well as to analyze the effects of carcass weight, sex and breed composition on meat cuts. Simultaneously, we investigate the correlation between meat cuts, carcass traits and meat quality traits. To assess 17 meat cut traits, 12 carcass traits and 6 meat quality traits, we sample 2 012 pigs from four b...     

日粮添加赖氨酸和盐酸吡格列酮对育肥猪生产性能、血清生化指标及肉品质的影响

【目的】研究日粮添加赖氨酸(Lysine,Lys)和盐酸吡格列酮(Thiazolidinedione,TZD)对肥育猪生产性能、血清生化指标及肉品质的影响。【方法】选用160头体质量均一[体质量=(92.25±0.91)kg]、健康的杜×长×大三元杂肥育猪,随机分成4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复8头猪(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮[w(Lys)为0.85%],试验组Ⅰ为基础日粮+15 mg·kg~(–1) TZD,试验组Ⅱ为基础日粮+w为0.20%Lys+15 mg·kg~(–1) TZD,试验组Ⅲ为基础日粮+w为0.40%Lys+15 mg·kg~(–1) TZD。试验结束后从对照组和试验组Ⅲ每重复选取1头公猪进行屠宰,评定其屠宰性能及肉品质。【结果】与对照组相比,在第28天,试验组Ⅲ日增质量提高9.45%(P=0.055);在第14天,试验组Ⅲ血清高密度脂蛋白含量显著高于对照组,提高了22.81%(P0.05);在第28天,试验组Ⅲ瘦肉率及背最长肌肉色红度(a*值)均显著高于对照组,分别提高了7.04%和4.11%(P0.05)。【结论】日粮添加Lys质量分数为0.40%(总Lys质量分数为1.25%)和15 mg·kg~(–1)的TZD可增加肥育猪的日增质量和瘦肉率,并改善肌肉的红度。     

不同基因型和营养对山羊生长性能、胴体品质及肉质的影响

【目的】探讨不同基因型和营养物质在改善老挝山羊的生长性能、胴体特征和肉质中的效果。【方法】采用2×2双因素试验,以本地山羊品种Lat为对照,对Lat与越南Bach Thao公山羊的杂交F1（BT×L）进行比较。从每个基因型中选择30头7月龄的成长公山羊并分成两组,其中一组采用传统饲喂方法即自由放牧,另一组采用改良饲喂方法,即放牧并任意采食木薯渣和矿物砖。试验期间测量山羊平均日增重（ADG）,在后期每组选择3只山羊宰杀并测定胴体特性（胴体组成和初分切肉）、肉质（剪切力、肉色、pH、滴水损失率和蒸煮损失率）。【结果】杂交山羊F1的平均日增重（60．02g／头）明显高于本地山羊（38．45g／头）,增幅为56．09％;饲喂补充木薯渣和矿物砖的山羊平均日增重（55．45g／头）则显著高于未添加对照组（43．02g,头）,增幅为28．89％。杂交繁育和饲喂补充物对山羊胴体品质如屠宰率、前肢百分率、后肢百分率及胸肌率没有显著影响,但杂交F1山羊的脖子极显著大于本地山羊,而其腰腹部切口极显著小于本地山羊。在两种不同饲喂管理条件下,Lat和杂交F1山羊的肉质特性没有显著差异。【结论】老挝本地山羊Lat与Bach Thao公山羊杂交及在饲料中补充木薯渣和矿物砖,可提高山羊肉产量且对其肉质无任何负作用。     

Clenbuterol对肥育猪作用效果的研究

７０头“社长大”肥育猪始重（５８±ｌ．０）ｋｇ，按饲养试验要求分成５组，饲喂Ｃｌｅｎｂｕｔｅｒｏｌ含量（ｍｇ／ｋｇ）分别为５，１０，１５，２０的饲粮至猪体重９０ｋｇ左右时结束。结果表明：①饲粮中添加Ｃｌｅｎｂｕｔｅｒｏｌ能提高日增重、降低料重比。其中以１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ组效果最佳，日增重提高１５％（Ｐ＜０．０２），料重比下降１０％；②不同添加量的Ｃｌｅｎｂｕｔｅｒｏｌ均提高了猪胴体瘦肉率。其中１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ组瘦肉率升高５％（Ｐ＜０．０５），胴体脂肪比率则降低１５％（Ｐ＜０．０５），而且Ｃｌｅｎｂｕｔｅｒｏｌ对猪胴体组成的。影响存在部位间的差异，对前躯作用最明显；③提高瘦肉率的同时，Ｃｌｅｎｂｕｔｅｒｏｌ还使眼肌中的营养组成发生变化，蛋白质含量升高４．５％（Ｐ＜０．０５），脂肪含量降低３０％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

Ractopamine对不同性别大约克猪的效果

以大约克猪为试验对象，研究Ｒａｃｔｏｐａｍｉｎｅ对不同性别肥育猪生产性能、胴体组成以及血清性激素水平的影响．结果表明：饲粮中添加Ｒａｃｔｏｐａｍｉｎｅ２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，阉公猪日增重提高１１．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１），但对其它性别的肥育猪则无明显的影响；Ｒａｃｔｏｐａｍｉｎｅ明显改善了阉公猪、阉母猪和小母猪的胴体组成．其中以对小母猪的效果最佳，可提高胴体瘦肉率９．６％（Ｐ＜０．０１），降低脂肪率１６．２６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）．此外，血清性激素测定表明，Ｒａｃｔｏｐａｍｉｎｅ使公猪睾酮浓度升高３０％（Ｐ＜０．０５），母猪孕酮浓度升高７８％（Ｐ＜０．０１），雌二醇升高１４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；统计分析显示，性激素和Ｒａｃｔｏｐａｍｉｎｅ均能影响大约克猪的生长性能和胴体组成，但二者无协同作用     

蓝孔雀屠宰性能和肉质特性的研究

对1岁龄蓝孔雀屠宰性能和肉质特性进行了分析测定,结果表明:蓝孔雀平均活重、屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率、肝脏比率分别为3 535 g、86.44%、77.70%、74.05%、23.72%、20.12%、1.15%1、.33%,肌肉pH1、pH24值分别为6.25、5.52,失水率为19.93%,系水力为72.21%,熟肉率为69.38%,剪切力为3.32 kg.f,肌纤维平均直径为47.42μm.在屠宰性能方面,与樱桃谷鸭、三黄鸡相比,蓝孔雀具有较高的活重、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率,但屠宰率、半净膛率和腹脂率较两者低;在肉质特性方面,蓝孔雀具有较高的系水力、熟肉率和剪切力.