43-63日龄黄羽肉鸡锌需要量的研究

 【目的】研究日粮锌添加水平对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化机能、免疫功能、组织锌沉积等的影响,探讨43—63日龄黄羽肉鸡的锌需要量。【方法】选用43日龄健康的快大型岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 080只,根据体重随机分成6组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。处理1(空白对照组)为基础日粮,锌水平为18 mg?kg-1,处理2、3、4、5、6分别在基础日粮上添加20、40、60、80、120 mg?kg-1锌。试验周期为21 d。【结果】在本试验条件下,日粮添加锌对鸡生长性能无显著影响(P＞0.05)。添加锌显著提高鸡血清GSH-Px、CuZnSOD、AKP活性(P＜0.05),显著增加血清GSH含量、血清及胫骨Zn含量、血清及肝脏MT含量(P＜0.05),其中添加60 mg?kg-1锌改善血清AKP活性和胫骨Zn含量效果最佳。日粮添加20—40 mg?kg-1锌显著提高鸡胸腺指数,添加20—80 mg?kg-1锌显著提高鸡法氏囊指数(P＜0.05),但日粮添加锌对63日龄鸡脾脏指数、肝脏CuZnSOD活性和胫骨灰分含量均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。【结论】仅考虑生长性能,玉米豆粕型日粮不需添加锌;以血清AKP活性、胫骨Zn含量为衡量指标,43—63日龄黄羽肉鸡日粮锌适宜水平为78 mg?kg-1。通过非线性回归模型估测日粮锌适宜水平分别为81、60 mg?kg-1。     

Regulation of bone phosphorus retention and bone development possibly by BMP and MAPK signaling pathways in broilers

The bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathways play an important role in regulation of bone formation and development,however,it remains unclear that the effect of dietary different levels of non-phytate phosphorus(NPP) on these signaling pathways and their correlations with bone phosphorus(P) retention and bone development in broilers.Therefore,this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary P supplementation on BMP and MAPK ...     

Effect of dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency on bone development and related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) deficiency on bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age based on our previous study, which indicated that dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development by regulating related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 504 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicates in a completely randomized design, and fed the normal control and Ca- or P-deficient diets from 1 to 21 days of age. At 22 days of age, the broilers were further fed the normal control diet (0.90% Ca+0.35% non-phytate P (NPP)), the P-deficient diet (0.90% Ca+0.18% NPP), the Ca-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.35% NPP) or the Ca and P-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.18% NPP), respectively. The results showed that dietary Ca or P deficiency decreased (P<0.05) tibia bone mineral density (BMD), bone breaking strength (BBS), ash content, tibia ash Ca content and serum P content on days 28 and 42, but increased (P<0.05) tibia alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of broilers on day 42 compared with the control group. Furthermore, the broilers fed the P-deficient diet had the lowest (P<0.05) tibia BMD, BBS, ash content, serum P content and the highest (P<0.05) serum Ca content on day 28 compared with those fed the Ca-deficient or Ca and P-deficient diets. The results from the present study indicated that the bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers were the most sensitive to dietary P deficiency, followed by dietary Ca deficiency or Ca and P-deficiency; dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development possibly by regulating serum Ca and P contents as well as tibia Ca content and ALP activity of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age.     

Effects of early energy and protein restriction on growth performance,clinical blood parameters,carcass yield,and tibia parameters of broilers

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary energy and protein dilution from age 8 to 14 d on growth performance,clinical blood parameters,carcass yield,and tibia parameters of broilers.Treatments were assigned in a completely randomized manner with factorial arrangement(4x4) including 4 levels of energy dilution and 4 levels of protein dilution.All birds were fed the same diet during the remaining period of time.The feeds were weighed every week,and the birds were weighed at 7,14,and 42 d.At 14 d,blood samples were taken for clinical chemistry measurements,and 4birds from each replicate were sacrificed to measure carcass yield and tibia parameters at 42 d.From 8 to 14 d,average daily feed intake(ADFI) of the 20%protein dilution group increased significantly compared with that of the 10%protein dilution group(P0.05).The feed conversion ratio(FCR) of the group with 30%protein dilution and 15%energy dilution creased the most among all treatment groups.From 15 to 42 d,the ADFI and FCR of the 20%protein dilution group were greater than those of the 0 and 10%protein dilution groups(P0.05),and the FCR of the 15%energy dilution group increased significantly(P0.05).At 42 d,body weight(BW) of the 15%energy dilution group was less than that of the other groups(P0.05).Significant interactions were observed in ADFI,FCR,and BW at 42 d of age between energy dilution and protein dilution(P0.05).At 14 d,serum total protein levels of birds in the 20 and 30%protein dilution groups decreased significantly compared to that of the 10%protein dilution group(P0.05).Blood urea nitrogen concentration of birds in the 20 and 30%protein dilution groups decreased significantly compared with those in 0 and 10%protein dilution groups(P0.05).Triacylglycerol concentration of birds in the 20%protein and 10%energy dilution groups decreased significantly compared with that of the 0 dilution group(P0.05).The carcass yields were unaffected by dilution of energy and protein(P0.05).The bone breaking strength of the 15%energy dilution group decreased significantly compared with that of the5%energy dilution group(P0.05).This study suggested that dietary protein and energy reduced 10%from 8 to 14 d of age can not affect the growth performance and other indexes in broilers.     

Nonphytate Phosphorus Requirement and Efficacy of a Genetically Engineered Yeast Phytase for Yellow Broilers at 22- to 42-d-Old Age

An experiment was conducted to investigate the requirement of nonphytate phosphorus (OP) and efficacy of a genetically engineered yeast phytase (PHY A) for Lingnan yellow broilers from 22- to 42-d-old age. A total of 1320 1 -d-old male chicks were randomly divided into 11 dietary treatment groups, which consisted of 4 replicate floor pens with 30 birds per pen.The control group (treatment 1) was fed with basal diet of nPP 0.08% without dicalcium phosphate or phytase supplementation. Dietary levels of nPP were 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, 0.40, 0.48, and 0.56%, respectively, for treatments 2 to 7,through addition of dicalcium phosphate (chemistry grade) to the basal diet. Diets of treatments 8 to 11 were supplemented with PHY A at 200, 400 and 600 U kg-t, a commercial phytase product (PHY B) at 400 U kg-1 level, respectively. The birds in 0.32-0.56% nPP groups gained more than those of the other groups (P<0.05). The nPP supplementation significantly improved feed intake (P<0.05). The feed gain ratio was significantly decreased by 0.40% nPP diet compared to the control birds (P<0.05). The level of 0.48% nPP was required for optimum tibia development. The additions of PHY A at 400 and 600 U kg-1 level and PHY B all significantly improved ADG (P<0.05), ADFI (P<0.05), and dry defatted tibia weight (P<0.05).Similarly, the percentage of tibia ash was increased by 600 U kg-1 PHY A supplementation (P<0.05). The requirement of nPP for maximal ADG and highest percentage tibia ash both was 0.40%. The phosphorus equivalency value of PHY A was estimated as 685 U kg-1 for male yellow broilers of 22- to 42-d-old age.     

日粮非植酸磷和基因工程酵母菌植酸酶水平对22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长和胫骨发育的影响

 【目的】研究确定22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡非植酸磷（NPP）的需要量及毕赤酵母基因工程菌植酸酶（PHY A）的磷当量值。【方法】选用22日龄岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 320只,随机分为11个处理,每处理4个重复,每重复30只鸡。处理1为基础日粮（NPP水平为0.08%）,不添加磷酸氢钙和植酸酶;处理2～7在基础日粮中分别添加不同水平化学纯磷酸氢钙,日粮NPP水平分别为0.16%、0.24%、0.32%、0.40%、0.48%、0.56%;处理8～11在基础日粮中分别添加200、400、600 U&#8226;kg-1PHY A、400 U&#8226;kg-1美国进口植酸酶产品（PHY B）。【结果】肉鸡日增重随日粮NPP水平升高而增加,0.32%～0.56%组平均日增重显著高于对照组和0.16%组（P＜0.05）,0.48%组日增重最大;添加磷组肉鸡采食量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;0.40%组料重比最低,显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;随日粮NPP水平升高肉鸡胫骨脱脂干骨重、干骨中磷含量和灰分中磷含量均显著升高,0.48%组达到最高,显著高于对照组、0.16%和0.24%组（P＜0.05）,添加磷组干骨中钙含量与灰分含量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。添加400、600 U&#8226;kg-1 PHY A和400 U&#8226;kg-1 PHY B显著提高了日增重、采食量和胫骨脱脂干骨重（P＜0.05）,添加2种植酸酶均显著提高了胫骨干骨中钙、磷含量与灰分中磷含量（P＜0.05）,添加600 U&#8226;kg-1 PHY A显著提高了干骨中灰分含量（P＜0.05）。【结论】22～42日龄满足黄羽肉鸡最佳生长和骨骼发育的NPP需要量为0.40%,PHY A的磷当量为685 U&#8226;kg-1。     

Effects of Fructooligosaccharides,compared with Direct—Fed Microbial Bacteria,and Zinc Bacitracin on Cecal Microbial Populations and Performance of Broilers

1　Introduction　　 Currently,the consumers made higher and higher demands on quality of food and beganto pay attention to methods and ways of animal production for ensuring food safety andhuman health Antibiotics have been used in animal feeding as growth promoters for longhistory.In recent years,this has increasingly become a focus of heated debate.Much attentionhas been received for their negative effects on animal and human being as well.On one hand,the positive influence of feeding growt…     

纳米氧化锌对肉鸡免疫性能及组织锌含量的影响

本试验研究了纳米氧化锌对肉鸡免疫性能及组织锌含量的影响。选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡192只,随机分为4组,每组设4个重复,每个重复12只鸡。在玉米-豆粕型日粮基础上添加纳米氧化锌0mg/kg(对照)、40mg/kg、80mg/kg、120mg/kg,全期分为0~21日龄、22~42日龄两个饲养阶段。按常规免疫鸡群新城疫(ND),每隔7d翼下静脉采血(8只/组)用HA-HI法测定ND的抗体滴度;并于21日龄和42日龄时各宰杀48只体重接近全群平均体重的试验鸡(3只/重复),取其胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊分别称重,同时采集肝脏、胫骨及血清样品,用于测定血清、肝脏、胫骨锌含量和血清碱性磷酸酶活性,取抗凝血(4只/组),MTT法测定淋巴细胞转化率。结果表明:添加40~80mg/kg水平纳米氧化锌,显著提高了肉鸡的免疫能力(P<0.05),提高了外周血T淋巴细胞转化率;添加40mg/kg纳米氧化锌可显著提高肉鸡肝脏和胫骨中锌含量和血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)。因此,纳米氧化锌在40~80mg/kg添加水平时能较显著的增强肉鸡的免疫能力,增加组织中锌含量。     

杂交肉鸭在实用饲粮条件下适宜钙磷水平的研究

选用天×建杂交鸭,随机分成12个组,喂给不同钙磷水平饲粮,对杂交肉鸭的适宜钙磷水平作了研究。结果表明:1)杂交肉鸭饲粮适宜钙磷水平,前期(0—3周龄)分别是钙0.63％,NPP0.35％;后期(4—7周龄)分别是钙0.63％,NPP0.29％;全期(0—7周龄)分别是钙0.59％,胫骨灰分及其钙磷含量随饲粮钙磷增加而增加。3)胫骨灰分与趾骨灰分含是呈极显著正相关(r=0.8117—0.9917,P<0.01)。两者均灵敏反映体内钙磷状况。4)饲粮CaO0.11％和NPP0.18％对血钙和血磷有显著性影响(P<0.05)。血磷比血钙反映灵敏,可较好地反映体内磷状况。     

早期限饲开始日龄对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响

研究了早期限饲开始日龄对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响.采用单因子试验设计,选用1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡240只,随机分为4个处理,每处理设3个重复,每重复20只鸡,其中1个处理为对照组,其余为限饲组.限饲组在非限饲期及对照组肉仔鸡均为自由采食和饮水.3个限饲组的限饲开始日龄依次为6、9和12日,限饲强度为对照组前一天采食量的80%,限饲时间为7 d.研究结果表明:早期限饲可显著降低肉仔鸡21日龄体重(P＜0.05),但对42日龄体重无显著影响(P＞0.05);早期限饲对肉仔鸡全期的平均日采食量、日增重及饲料转化率无显著影响(P＞0.05),但早期限饲有降低肉仔鸡全期平均日采食量、日增重及饲料转化率的趋势;早期限饲町极显著降低肉仔鸡1～21日龄的平均日采食量(P＜0.01)及屁著降低日增重(P＜0.05),而6日龄开始限饲则显著降低了肉仔鸡1～21日龄的饲料转化率(P＜0.05);早期限饲对肉仔鸡22～42日龄的平均日采食量、日增重及饲料转化率无显著影响(P＞0.05).早期限饲开始日龄对肉仔鸡胴体性能指标无显著影响(P＞0.05),但6、9日龄开始限饲的试验组42日龄体重已经超过对照组,表明6、9日龄开始限饲的肉仔鸡在42日龄时达到完全补偿生长.以上结果表明,以9日龄开始限饲效果较好.     

日粮中添加溶血卵磷脂对肉仔鸡脂类代谢的影响

本试验研究了在日粮中添加0.1%(质量分数)溶血卵磷脂对肉仔鸡脂类代谢的影响.结果表明:溶血卵磷脂提高了肉仔鸡体重和胸肌含脂率(P<0.05),降低肝脏相对重量、肝脂率(P<0.05)和腹脂率(P=0.051);降低了血清TG含量(P<0.01),并有降低LDL-C含量及LDL-C与HDL-C含量的比值,提高血清FFA和HDL-C含量的趋势(P>0.05).肝脏apoB和FAS基因表达的检测结果显示,溶血卵磷脂极显著提高肝脏apoB基因的mRNA表达(P<0.01),FAS基因的mRNA表达没有变化(P>0.05).可见,溶血卵磷脂对肉仔鸡具有抗脂肪肝和体脂重分配作用,提高肉仔鸡对体内胆固醇的清除能力.     

静脉注射不同形态锰源对肉仔鸡生物学活性的影响

【目的】研究经静脉注射途径进入体内的不同形态锰在肉仔鸡体内代谢利用上的差异。【方法】将180只22日龄肉公鸡按体重随机分为5个处理组,分别翅静脉注射生理盐水,或在生理盐水中溶解硫酸锰及弱、中等和强络合强度有机锰源的注射液20 d。【结果】静脉注射后第10和20天,各注射锰源组鸡的跖骨灰锰含量、心肌锰含量、心肌细胞线粒体中MnSOD活性和MnSOD mRNA均显著（P＜0.03）高于注射生理盐水的对照组,但前3项指标未能恒定一致地反映出不同形态锰对肉仔鸡的生物学活性的差异。注射中等络合强度锰源组心肌细胞线粒体中MnSOD mRNA水平显著高于注射硫酸锰组（P＜0.01）和强络合强度锰源组（P＜0.09）,且注射弱络合强度锰源组心肌细胞线粒体中MnSOD mRNA水平显著高于注射硫酸锰组（P＜0.06）。【结论】注射锰在转录水平上显著影响心肌细胞线粒体中MnSOD的基因表达, 这一功能性基因表达指标比其酶活性等其它指标更敏感、更恒定地监测出肉仔鸡对不同锰间生物学利用性的差异。经静脉注射途径进入体内的中等和弱络合强度有机锰源对肉仔鸡的生物学活性显著高于无机锰,而强络合强度有机锰源不利于肉仔鸡体组织细胞对其中锰的利用。     

沙棘叶粉对AA肉鸡生产性能和钙代谢的影响

为了检测沙棘叶粉作为一种饲料添加剂对爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡生产性能和钙代谢的作用效果,试验选择健康的1日龄AA肉仔鸡公雏240只.按体重相近的原则,随机分成4组:对照组(玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮)、基础饲粮+0.25%沙棘叶粉组、基础饲粮+0.5%沙棘叶粉组、基础饲粮+1%沙棘叶粉组.每组6个重复,每个重复10只.饲养试验共...     

复合蛋白酶和甘露寡糖对肉鸡消化道的影响及其互作效应研究

试验选用1日龄、平均体质量为(37.6±0.42)g的爱拨益加肉雏鸡112羽以研究蛋白酶和甘露寡糖对肉鸡消化道的影响及其互作效应。随机将试验鸡只分为4个组,每组4个重复,每个重复7羽鸡。试验分两个阶段,即前期(1～21 d)和后期(22～42 d)。试验组曰粮在玉米.豆粕日粮的基础上分别添加125 g/t的蛋白酶、1 000g/t的甘露寡糖及125 g/t的蛋白酶+1 000 g/t的甘露寡糖。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加125 g/t的蛋白酶对21日龄肉鸡腺胃和肌胃相对重有降低的趋势(P>0.05),但显著提高了42日龄肉鸡的腺胃相对重(P<0.05)和日增重(P<0.01),对小肠(十二指肠、空肠、回肠)相对重略有提高(P>0.05);日粮添加1 000 g/t的甘露寡糖对肉鸡腺胃和肌胃的相对重也有降低的趋势(P>0.05),而对21日龄和42日龄肉鸡小肠相对重也略有提高(P>0.05),从全期以及整个生长期(1～42日龄)来看日增重并无显著提高作用(P>0.05)。随着日龄的增加3个试验组日增重有增加的趋势(P>0.05)。日粮添加125 g/t的蛋白酶+1 000 g/t的甘露寡糖对21日龄和42日龄肉鸡腺胃、肌胃、日增重和小肠相对重均没有明显的互作效应。     

不同锰源对肉鸡胴体性能和肌肉品质的影响

 【目的】用336只1日龄AA肉公鸡进行试验，研究饲粮添加不同锰源对肉鸡胴体性能、肌肉品质、腹脂和肌肉中相关酶活性及肌肉中MnSOD mRNA水平的影响。【方法】采用3×3两因子安排的完全随机设计，将试鸡按体重随机分为7个处理组，分别饲喂不添加锰的玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮和在基础饲粮中以无机硫酸锰、氨基酸锰A（Mn AA A）和氨基酸锰B（Mn AA B）形式分别添加100和200mg•kg-1锰的试验饲粮，试验期为42 d。【结果】添加锰对肌肉pH、滴水损失、剪切力、肌间脂肪、L* 值、a* 值等均无显著影响 (P﹥0.10)；各添加锰组鸡腹脂率、腹脂脂蛋白脂酶（LPL）和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）活性及腿肌丙二醛（MDA）含量显著低于未添加锰的对照组 (P﹤0.10)，添加Mn AA A组和添加Mn AA B组腹脂LPL活性均显著低于添加MnSO4组（P﹤0.05）；各添加锰组腹脂激素敏感脂酶（HSL）活性、胸肌和腿肌细胞线粒体中MnSOD活性和MnSOD mRNA水平均显著高于未添加锰的对照组（P﹤0.02）， 添加Mn AA A组腿肌细胞线粒体中MnSOD mRNA水平显著高于添加无机硫酸锰组（P﹤0.02）。【结论】中等络合强度有机锰（Mn AA A）比无机硫酸锰更能有效降低肉鸡腹脂LPL活性及增强腿肌细胞线粒体中MnSOD的基因表达,并进而改善了肉鸡胴体性能和肌肉品质。     

Effects of dietary graded levels of cinnamon essential oil and its combination with bamboo leaf flavonoid on immune function,antioxidative ability and intestinal microbiota of broilers

Cinnamon essential oil(CEO) and its combination with bamboo leaf flavonoid(BLF) have been shown to exhibit an additive antibacterial effect in vitro, but their functions in broilers were not clear. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary graded levels of CEO and its combination with BLF on the growth performance, immune responses, antioxidative ability, and intestinal morphology and microbiota of broilers fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet. A total of 576 1-d-old Arbor Acres commercial male broilers were randomly allotted to 9 treatments with 8 replicates of 8 birds each in a completely randomized design. Birds were fed on a basal corn-soybean meal diet(control, without plant extracts and antibiotics), or the basal diet supplemented with 50 mg of aureomycin kg~(-1), 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg of CEO kg~(-1), a combination of 100 mg of CEO and 16.7 mg of BLF kg~(-1), or a combination of 200 mg of CEO kg~(-1) and 33.3 mg of BLF kg~(-1) for 42 d. Dietary treatment affected(P0.05) the serum immune globulin M(IgM) contents on d 42, liver malondialdehyde(MDA) contents on d 21, duodenal crypt depth on d 42, relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the cecal contents on d 21, and relative abundances of Escherichia coli and Bifidobacterium in the cecal contents on d 42, but had no effect(P0.16) on all other measured indices. The addition of 400 mg of CEO kg~(-1) or a combination of 200 mg CEO kg~(-1) and 33.3 mg BLF kg~(-1) increased(P0.02) serum IgM contents on d 42. Dietary supplementation with 100 or 200 mg CEO kg~(-1), or 50 mg aureomycin kg~(-1) decreased(P0.003) liver MDA contents on d 21. In addition, the supplement of 100 mg CEO kg~(-1) increased(P0.002) the Lactobacillus relative abundance in caecum on d 21 and Bifidobacterium relative abundance in caecum on d 42, and decreased(P0.0001) E. coli relative abundance in caecum on d 42. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with CEO, an alternative to aureomycin, improved the immune status, antioxidantative ability and cecal microbiota of broilers, and dietary supplementation with the combinations of CEO and BLF did not exhibit further effects. Dietary supplementation with 100 mg CEO kg~(-1) is beneficial for broilers fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet.     

单色光间歇性刺激胚蛋对肉仔鸡胸肉生长及肉品质的影响

【目的】采用LED（light emitting diodes）灯作为光源,探讨孵化期间歇性单色光刺激对肉仔鸡出雏后生产性能、胸肉化学成分及肉品质的影响。【方法】1 480枚爱拔益加（AA）鸡商品代受精蛋（蛋重65-70 g,平均重68 g）被随机分配到绿光组（560 nm,490枚）、蓝光组（480 nm,490枚）和黑暗组（对照组,500枚）3种不同处理的孵化器中,采用间歇光照（15 min开灯,15 min关灯）,光照强度为15 lx。肉仔鸡出壳后,从每个处理组各选取120只公雏分配到3个处理中,每个处理6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。自由采食和饮水,统一采用30 lx日光灯补光,光照时间23L﹕1D。【结果】各处理组种蛋孵化率、肉仔鸡初生重及平均采食量均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。与黑暗组和蓝光组相比,胚胎期绿光刺激可显著增加肉仔鸡21和42 d体重（P＜0.05）。42 d时,绿光组肉仔鸡的胸肌重和胸肌率均最高,分别较黑暗组提高了38.3 g和0.67%,较蓝光组提高了44.6 g和0.78%。整个生长期绿光组饲料转化率为1.81,显著优于黑暗组（1.88）和蓝光组（1.92,P＜0.05）。各组肉仔鸡42 d胸肌化学成分无显著差异（P＜0.05）。蓝光组胸肌24 h肉色b*值显著高于黑暗组和绿光组（P=0.05）,而绿光处理组胸肌滴水损失（P=0.10）和蒸煮损失（P=0.07）均较黑暗组和蓝光组有升高的趋势。【结论】孵化期15 lx间歇绿光刺激可促进肉仔鸡肌肉生长,提高胸肌产量并改善饲料转化率,对胸肌化学成分无显著影响（P＞0.05）,但绿光组肉仔鸡胸肌系水力有降低的趋势。     

氟化物对鸡骨骼强度的影响

实验采用172只星杂288品系的雌性雏鸡,随机分成四组。从4周龄开始至24周龄。各组分别自由饮用含氟0.16、100、200、300ppm的水。在12、16、20、24周龄,从各组中随机抽取10只左右进行测定。结果表明:饮水中高剂量的砜化物(200、300ppm)能使鸡胫骨、股骨、肱骨的弯曲最大负荷及弯曲强度显著降低,并导致骨皮质层略为增厚及骨灰分中F、Mg、Zn含量和血清中F含量显著升高;但未引起骨灰分中Ca、P含量及血清中Ca、P、Mg的含量发生显著变化。     

饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白水平对黄羽肉鸡生产性能 和肉品质的影响

【目的】研究43-63日龄阶段饲粮代谢能（ME）和粗蛋白质（CP）水平对快大型黄羽肉鸡生产性能和肉品质的影响及其生化机制。【方法】试验采用两因子完全随机设计（ME：11.93和12.98 MJ•kg-1）×3（CP：14.6%、15.8%和17.0%）,选用43日龄快大型岭南黄羽肉鸡公鸡840只,以体重一致原则分为6个处理,每个处理4重复,每个重复35只鸡,试验期21 d。各处理组饲粮赖氨酸和蛋氨酸水平与CP水平的比例保持一致,其它营养水平各处理组均一致。试验期间试验鸡地面平养,自由采食颗粒料和自由饮水。【结果】①与饲粮11.93 MJ•kg-1 ME组比较,12.98 MJ•kg-1组试验鸡平均日增重、胸肌pH和肉色a*值、腿肌中乳酸含量、血浆中游离脂肪酸含量显著提高（P＜0.05）,料重比、肉色b*值、血浆脂蛋白脂酶活性显著降低（P＜0.05）。②饲粮CP17%组料重比显著低于15.8%（P＜0.05）和14.6%组（P＜0.05）,半净膛率显著高于14.6%组（P＜0.05）,血浆甘油三酯含量显著低于14.6%组（P＜0.05）,胸肌谷氨酸含量显著低于15.8%（P＜0.05）。饲粮CP水平为17%组胸肌b*值显著高于15.8%和14.6%组（P＜0.05）。③饲粮ME和CP水平对试验鸡胸肌中谷氨酸含量、腿肌纤维直径与密度、血浆中游离脂肪酸含量有显著交互作用（P＜0.05）。【结论】若以生长性能和胴体品质为评定指标,43—63日龄快大型岭南黄羽肉鸡饲粮适宜的ME 和CP水平分别为12.98 MJ•kg-1和17%,此时的饲粮蛋能比为13.10 g•MJ-1;综合考虑肉品质指标评定,饲粮适宜的ME 和CP水平分别为12.98 MJ•kg-1和15.8%,此时的饲粮蛋能比为12.17 g•MJ-1。     

Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Layers Fed Diet Supplemented with Microbial Phytase and Cellulase

1　Introduction　　The majority of the P in cereal grains and oilseed meals is organically bound as phytic acid orphytate.Phytate has potential to form insoluble complexes with protein and minerals such as P and Ca ,Cu ,Fe ,Mn ,Zn 〔1,2〕,which can negatively affect availabilities and digestibilities of minerals,protein or aminoacids〔3 ,4〕.Furthermore,phytate is also able to bind endogenous proteases such as trypsin and chymotrypsinin the gastrointestinal tract〔5〕,and these complexes ma…