随笔二题

办公室的故事办公室的故事充满玄机。无论是重复昨天的故事,还是演奏明天的乐章,都会耐人寻味。有些故事只有开端,没有结局。满口答应的事情,杳无音信再正常不过。而一蹴而就,一口拒绝的都是没有过程,只有结局的故事。办公室的话语是模式化的。能说和不     

母亲的白菜

除了在北京生活的十年,我的一生,都是在庄稼地里度过的。记忆深刻的是白菜,家门口就有一块白菜地。童年和少年时代,每天早上,我起床的第一件事,就是在白菜地里奔跑,把白菜上生的青虫捉来喂鸡。很长一段时间,我吃饭,菜都是白菜。炒白菜。煮白菜。拌白菜。我还拿白菜做泡菜。一点也不夸张地说,白菜养育了我。不可居无竹,不可食无白菜。一直是我的生存标准。     

身边QQ上那些有意思的个性签名

<正>★我很穷。我的佣人也很穷。我的园丁也很穷。我的司机也很穷。★我胖是胖,但是有锁骨!★本人已死,有事烧纸,小事招魂,大事挖坟。★上帝不会为难头脑简单的孩子。★别惹我,否则我会让你死得很有节奏感。     

界

大蛋子回来了。大蛋子是坐了七年牢后,刑满释放回来的。大蛋子回家第一件事儿就是把与邻居小霞家分界的杖子重新夹好。把歪歪斜斜且有些腐烂的木桩子换掉,很用心地在杖子两头拉上线儿,并按线儿在原来陈腐的旧木桩的位置埋上新木桩。木桩子埋得整齐!像哨兵一样,杖子就变成了一面墙。小霞的心里慌慌乱乱的。小霞母亲的心里也是慌慌乱乱的。两个人来到大蛋子夹好的新杖子前察看,心里都松了一口气。杖子是新夹的,界线是旧的。     

短信地带

正中国式过马路",就是"凑够一撮人就可以走了,和红绿灯无关"。【世界之最】最难搞定的,是老婆。最难脱手的,是情人。最难管住的,是嘴巴。最难减少的,是体重。最难提高的,是身高。最难增加的,是收入。最难统一的,是口径。最难实现的,是理想。最难改变的,是待遇。最难抑制的,是仇富。最难处理的,是关系。最难伺候的,是领导。     

据预测澳大利亚和新西兰家禽产量将持续增长

澳大利亚和新西兰是泛太平洋地区最大的两个国家。两国的家禽产量数一数二。当前,产业整合是大趋势,肉蛋消费量也在增加。然而,肉蛋产品的价格处于压力下。动物福利越来越受重视。     

捅马蜂窝(外一篇)

有几个年头,在我居住的童年的村庄我是很有名声的,大约在十三岁以前吧。但不是很好的名声,而是打架、斗殴、淘气的名声。时常有故事在村上传播。今天和东家女孩打了起来,明天和西家男孩打了起来。时常被王五、施三打了也是常有的事。脸上被人抓的痕迹不断。     

罕山雪(外二篇)

东望罕山,迷离的银冠虚空浮漾,静寂如老僧。那亘古的精灵是永昼的光照,酝酿千年雪意。少年的我常常沉醉远方的神秘。勒勒车从山脚出发,缓缓如长篇五古,满载一车亲情,叩响我家的柴门。鸟雀噪晴。铜壶,浊酒;新炊,黄粱。父亲与客人醉倒在热     

从社会层面化解农村老人赡养难

尊老爱幼是中华民族的传统美德，老有所养、老有所乐是构建和谐社会的重要组成部分。然而。当前农村老人老有所养的问题突出，现实生活中。子女拒绝赡养老人。导致老人露宿街头、无衣穿、无饭吃、有病无钱医的现象时有发生。以笔者所在的河南省唐河县为例，近年来。涉及农村老年人赡养纠纷的案件占基层法庭受理的各类案件数量的前三位。且呈逐年上升趋势。这类案件调解难度大，基层法官普遍认为比较棘手，必须引起我们的高度重视。     

马尼托巴养猪日报告

正上周,我们出席了在马尼托巴省布兰登举办的马尼托巴养猪日活动。1我们的观察●马尼托巴省的母猪存栏约为30万头。其中40%由公司所有,其余为独立生产者。●乐观。生产者看到更便宜的饲料和强劲的瘦肉猪期货。每个人都希望在未来的一年真正赚到一些钱。●猪流行性腹泻。到目前为止,马尼托巴省及加拿大并没有发生猪流行性腹泻。有很多人在讨论如何防止这一疾病。大多数人相信,卡车将有可能从美国携带来这一疾病。     

Evaluation of the Microbiological Status of Milk and Various Structures in Mammary Glands from Naturally Infected Dairy Cows

A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the gland cisterns and teat cisterns. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Studies on the Pathogenesis of Shimao Zheng (Fleece-eating) in Sheep and Goats

Research on the disease called shimao zheng, which had resulted in widespread fleece-eating and shedding by sheep and goats in the Haizi area of Akesa County of Gansu Province of China, was carried out by both laboratory studies and pathological observations. There was a marked deficiency of sulfur in the wool and tissues of the affected animals. The pathological changes were mainly loss of fleece, exposure of the skin, keratinization of the epidermal cells, narrowing and reduced numbers of the fleece follicles, and fewer sebaceous glands and sweat glands. Histologically, there was atrophy of the striated and cardiac muscles and of the epithelium of the convoluted tubules of the kidney, together with a glomerulonephritis. The disease was considered to be a local nutritional and metabolic disorder, probably mainly caused by sulfur deficiency.     

Effects of Mixed Grazing of First- and Second-year Calves on Trichostrongylid Infections in Lithuania

The objective of this study was to examine whether susceptible calves grazing together with second-year resistant heifers are less exposed to trichostrongylid infection than are calves grazing on their own. Two groups of animals representing each age category were turned out onto pasture on 24 May 1997 and grazed at comparable stocking rates. The grazing of calves and heifers together was compared to groups of each age category grazing separately. The results indicated that herbage larval counts were significantly reduced in the second part of the grazing season on the plot grazed by the mixed group compared to the plot grazed by the first-season calves only. The mixed grazing strategy protected the young calves and no clinical signs were observed in this group, while most of the calves that grazed alone exhibited clinical signs. The availability of herbage was reduced towards the end of the season, with subsequent competition for the grass forcing all the animals to graze the tufts around the faecal pats, where the quality of the grass is poor and the numbers of infective larvae are high. The effect of this was visible in the form of increased parasite burdens in the calves that were grazed together with the heifers, confirmed by increased blood serum pepsinogen concentrations and reduced daily weight gains in the second part of the grazing season. The lower numbers of infective larvae on the pasture were probably achieved through the heifers ingesting many of the larvae but subsequently depositing relatively few eggs, since they had acquired some degree of resistance against trichostrongylid infections during their first grazing season. Thus they did not suffer any parasitological ill-effects during mixed grazing with first-season calves.     

Biodiversity of Domestic Livestock in the Republic of Yemen

This paper describes the domestic livestock of the Republic of Yemen and aspires to complement earlier sources listing or partially describing `breeds'. It attempts to cover all species and provide indications of production parameters through a literature review and via field observations made by the author in 1999. Information is provided on livestock numbers and the economic importance of animal production. Most animals are kept in sedentary mixed crop–livestock production systems; transhumant systems have the next greatest number of stock; with nomadic systems being of least and declining importance. Yemen's livestock appear to comprise at least 11 breeds of sheep, 5 breeds of goat, 2 breeds of cattle, 4 breeds of camel, 2 breeds of donkey and 1 breed of horse. There are no data on breeds of poultry but domestic fowl (where clearly considerable diversity exists) and pigeons are kept. There is little formal information on the history and relationships of most breeds. Some appear to be of ancient local origin, whereas others show affinities with those of neighbouring and other countries. None of the identified types is considered endangered, so conservation would be premature. A more formal and detailed genetic characterization, to add to the largely morphological and traditional classification, may, however, reveal such a need.     

The effect of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether as a vehicle for topical delivery of ivermectin

The effect of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME; Transcutol) on the permeation of ivermectin, a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent, through bovine skin was evaluated byin vitro permeation experiments followed by serial sectioning of the skin to assess the amount of ivermectin retained in the skin. Ivermectin permeation through bovine skin was enhanced by DGME and this enhancement was DGME-concentration-dependent. Permeation of ivermectin was effectively enhanced in vehicles with low proportions of DGME, but the magnitude of permeation enhancement decreased as the proportion of DGME increased. The permeation was accompanied by the formation of cutaneous depots of ivermectin. Furthermore, the data indicated that the flux and the cutaneous accumulation of ivermectin were sensitive to the concentration gradient of DGME across the skin. This suggested that ivermectin was permeating with DGME, in which it is very soluble. Hence, the enhancing mechanism involves solubilization of the ivermectin by DGME and the transport of DGME itself across the skin. Based on these results, DGME appears to be a potential vehicle for topical delivery of ivermectin by transport through the skin and through formation of cutaneous depots of ivermectin.Abbreviations DGME diethylene glycol monoethyl ether     

粗料型日粮条件下口服福尔马林对小尾寒羊成母羊消化代谢的影响

本试验选取6只装置永久性十二指肠和回肠瘘管、体重约55 kg的成年小尾寒羊母羊,按0（对照期）或0.9 mL/kg日粮（试验期）喂给福尔马林（各期n=6）,收集十二指肠和回肠食糜,并进行消化代谢试验,以研究在粗料型日粮条件下口服福尔马林对绵羊消化代谢的影响。结果表明,口服福尔马林使绵羊的自由采食量增加13.0%（P<0.01）;前胃有机物（OM）和纤维素（Cel）的消化量分别增加21.9%（P<0.01）和29.7%（P<0.01）;到达小肠的OM、粗蛋白质（CP）、微生物蛋白、过瘤胃蛋白、总氨基酸（TAA）和赖氨酸（Lys）量分别增加5.2%（P<0.01）、21.5%（P<0.01）、13.2%（P<0.05）、29.4%（P<0.05）、18.0%（P<0.05）和21.8%（P<0.05）;小肠消化吸收的OM、CP、TAA和Lys量分别增加52.1%（P<0.01）、34.7%（P<0.01）、34.5%（P<0.05）和32.8%（P>0.05）;日粮DM、OM、CP和Cel的（表观）消化率分别提高9.2%（P<0.05）、9.2%（P<0.05）、4.6%（P<0.05）和5.8%（P<0.05）;氮、钙和磷保留量分别增加了28.3%（P<0.01）、30.8%（P<0.01）和9.5%（P<0.05）。因此,在粗料型日粮条件下绵羊口服福尔马林可以提高瘤胃消化能力、提高采食量、增加小肠营养物质特别是氨基酸的消化吸收量、显著改善机体的营养状况。     

Risk factors and prognostic variables for survival of foals with radiographic evidence of pulmonary disease

The medical records of 163 neonatal foals that had thoracic radiographs taken within 48 hours of admission to a referral hospital were reviewed. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify risk factors for the development of thoracic radiographic changes and (2) to identify prognostic indicators for survival in foals with radiographic evidence of pulmonary disease. Failure of transfer of passive immunity (IgG concentration < or = 400 mg/dL) was the only risk factor for radiographic evidence of respiratory disease identified by multivariate analysis. Hypoxemic patients (PaO2 < or = 60 mm Hg) were 4.9 times more likely to reveal radiographic abnormalities in a subset of foals for which arterial blood gas results were available. Foals with a serum creatinine concentration > 1.7 mg/dL upon presentation, dyspnea, and a history of dystocia were significantly more likely to die based on the multivariate statistical outcome analysis. An anion gap > or = 20 mEq/dL was strongly associated with nonsurvival in a subset of foals with arterial blood gas results. These hematologic and biochemical variables can be readily obtained during the initial evaluation of sick foals. The presence of a high anion gap appeared to have the greatest clinical impact and may be a useful prognostic indicator in foals with radiographic evidence of respiratory disease. In contrast, the majority of physical examination variables, including evaluation of tachypnea, abnormal respiratory sounds, fever, weakness, and milk reflux from the nares, which are usually obtained during the general respiratory evaluation of foals, were unrelated to outcome.