Enhancement Effect of CpG DNA on the Somatostatin DNA Vaccine in Mice

To study the immune effect of CpGDNA on somatostatin （SS） DNA vaccine, the 20-day-old experimental mice were immunized with 20 lag SS eukaryotic expression plasmid pES/2SS with different adjuvants in equal dose, such as the synthetic CpG-ODN, the pE-CpG plasmid, E. coli DNA and the crude liposome. A booster was given two weeks later. The results showed that the body weight gain of female mice in the SS immunized group was higher than that of the control （P 〈0.05）. The levels of antibodies against SS, IgG2a/IgG1, spleen lymphocyte proliferation activity and the concentrations of GH and IGF-Ⅰ in the DNA vaccine groups combined with CpGDNA were significantly increased compared to that of the group immunized with DNA vaccine alone. All these suggested the recombinant SS expression plasmid can stimulate animals to produce antibodies against SS, and CpGDNA adjuvant can enhance the immune effect of DNA vaccine against SS and influence the concentration of GH and IGF-Ⅰ .     

不同类型H5亚型禽流感疫苗的免疫保护效力比较研究

为比较以我国首个H5亚型禽流感病毒分离株A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996(H5N1)\[GS/GD/96\]为基础构建的新型重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re\|1株）、禽流感重组鸡痘病毒载体活疫苗（H5亚型）、禽流感、新城疫重组二联活疫苗（rLH5\|1株）以及禽流感DNA疫苗（H5亚型,pH5\|GD）的免疫保护效力。分别将四种禽流感疫苗以2.8 μg HA/0.3 mL（肌肉注射）、103PFU/100 μL（刺种）、106EID50/100 μL（滴鼻、点眼）、15 μg/200 μL（肌肉注射）等不同剂量和方式免疫3周龄SPF鸡,首次免疫3周后再加强免疫一次,加强免疫2周后用106EID50的高致病力禽流感病毒（HPAIV） GS/GD/96鼻腔途径进行攻击,观察发病与死亡情况。分别于攻毒后第3 d、第5 d、第7 d采集喉头及泄殖腔拭子进行病毒分离、滴定检测排毒情况,同时检测免疫及攻毒后血清HI抗体的动态变化。所有疫苗均可对免疫鸡形成100%完全保护（不发病、不致死、不排毒）;在病毒攻击前,灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re\|1株）、禽流感重组鸡痘病毒载体活疫苗（H5亚型）、禽流感、新城疫重组二联活疫苗（rLH5\|1株）以及禽流感DNA疫苗（H5亚型,pH5\|GD）所诱导的HI抗体平均水平分别为875log2、6.5log2、5.13log2和7.88log2。新型的基因工程疫苗具有良好的免疫保护性,已经或将在H5亚型HPAIV的防治实践中起到有益的补充作用。     

鸡白细胞介素2口服免疫佐剂增强传染性法氏囊病病毒DNA疫苗免疫效果的研究

将含萧山鸡白细胞介素2基因的真核表达质粒pCI-IL-2的减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏茵ZJ111(ZJ111/pCI-IL-2)口服接种小鼠和雏鸡,并与传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)DNA疫苗联合免疫雏鸡观察其免疫效力.结果表明:利用减毒沙门氏菌作为栽体的鸡白细胞介素2口服免疫增强剂具有相对的安全性,重组ZJ111/pCI-IL-2茵能明显增强IBDV DNA疫苗对强毒株攻击保护率;增强IBDV DNA疫苗诱导的抗体的效价(P＜0.05);增强IBDV DNA疫苗所诱导的T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞的增殖反应(P＜0.05),上述结果初步表明以减毒沙门氏菌为载体的白细胞介素2免疫增强剂具有良好的安全性和免疫增强作用,为研制低成本、实用化的禽类口服免疫增强剂奠定了基础.     

A formalin-inactivated whole SIV vaccine confers protection in macaques

A vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) would be highly effective in stopping the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. A comprehensive evaluation of potential vaccine methodologies can be made by means of the simian model for AIDS, which takes advantage of the similarities in viral composition and disease potential between simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques and HIV infection in humans. Immunization with a formalin-inactivated whole SIV vaccine potentiated with either alum and the Syntex adjuvant threonyl muramyl dipeptide (MDP) or MDP alone resulted in the protection of eight of nine rhesus monkeys challenged with ten animal-infectious doses of pathogenic virus. These results demonstrate that a whole virus vaccine is highly effective in inducing immune responses that can protect against lentivirus infection and AIDS-like disease.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5和M蛋白共表达的自杀性DNA疫苗的构建及其免疫应答

【目的】探讨猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）自杀性DNA疫苗的免疫效果。【方法】将ORF5和ORF6基因分别插入可以同时表达两个外源基因的表达载体pSCA2的26S启动子下游，获得ORF5和ORF6双基因共表达自杀性DNA疫苗pSFV-56。【结果】Western blot检测证实ORF5和ORF6基因获得正确表达，并且所表达的GP5和M蛋白可以形成异源二聚体。将pSFV-56免疫Balb/c小鼠，首免后4周可检测到特异性PRRSV中和抗体，首免后8周的中和抗体最高可达1﹕32，同时还可检测到较高的特异性细胞免疫应答。进一步将pSFV-56免疫断奶仔猪，二免后4周即可产生1:8～1:16的中和抗体，直到二免后6周仍维持这种高水平的中和抗体，而且也可检测到较高的特异性细胞免疫应答。【结论】上述研究结果表明pSFV-56具有良好的免疫原性和诱发免疫动物产生较高免疫应答的能力。     

CpG DNA对鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒DNA疫苗免疫效果的影响

 将分别构建的含有鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒（ＩＬＴＶ）王岗株ｇＢｇＣ和ｇＤ基因的重组真核表达质粒及ＣＰＧＤＮＡ佐剂分组肌肉注射 ＳＰＦ鸡，检测了免疫后的抗体水平，并观测了攻毒后的免疫保护效果。实验结果显示，ＣｐＧＤＮＡ佐剂和ＤＮＡ疫苗联合免疫后的抗体水平比单一使用ＤＮＡ疫苗的要高，而佐剂组的发病率、死亡率均低于非佐剂组，保护率则高于非佐剂组。这表明 ＣｐＧ ＤＮＡ佐剂增强了 ＩＬＴＶ ＤＮＡ疫苗的免疫效果。     

生长抑素基因疫苗对肉用鸡血浆生化指标和免疫器官指数的影响

研究以减毒沙门氏菌为载体的生长抑素基因疫苗对肉鸡的血浆生化指标和免疫器官指数的影响。将28日龄的150只肉鸡随机分为5个组,每组30只,A、B、C组口服生长抑素基因疫苗,剂量分别为8×109CFU/只、4×109CFU/只、1×109CFU/只,D组口服生理盐水,作为对照组,E组口服减毒沙门氏菌CS022,2周后加强免疫1次。结果表明:口服pcS/2SS基因疫苗后,C组(1×109CFU/只)肉鸡的白蛋白含量较D组明显增加(P<0.05),8周龄时和10周龄时尿素氮含量较D组明显降低(P<0.05)。pcS/2SS基因疫苗对血浆总蛋白、葡萄糖、游离脂肪酸的含量影响不明显。免疫器官指数方面,各组差异不显著(P>0.05),但1×109CFU/只剂量组较对照组(D组)有升高趋势。由以上结果可以看出,口服生长抑素基因疫苗可以提高肉鸡血浆白蛋白的含量,降低肉鸡血浆尿素氮含量,对血浆总蛋白、葡萄糖、游离脂肪酸的含量影响不明显,免疫器官指数有升高趋势,1×109CFU/只为较适宜剂量。     

Preserved CD4+ central memory T cells and survival in vaccinated SIV-challenged monkeys

Vaccine-induced cellular immunity controls virus replication in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected monkeys only transiently, leading to the question of whether such vaccines for AIDS will be effective. We immunized monkeys with plasmid DNA and replication-defective adenoviral vectors encoding SIV proteins and then challenged them with pathogenic SIV. Although these monkeys demonstrated a reduction in viremia restricted to the early phase of SIV infection, they showed a prolonged survival. This survival was associated with preserved central memory CD4+ T lymphocytes and could be predicted by the magnitude of the vaccine-induced cellular immune response. These immune correlates of vaccine efficacy should guide the evaluation of AIDS vaccines in humans.     

传染性法氏囊病病毒变异株二价弱毒疫苗的研究

选用传染性法氏囊病病毒变异株JD1、NB、HZ1弱毒株配制成JN（JD1+NB毒株组成）和JH（JD1+HZ1毒株组成）两种二价弱毒疫苗。分别在14日龄首免和28日龄二免SPF鸡,并于一免后14 d、21 d,二免后12 d分别用强毒株传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）BC6/85株攻击;同时观察疫苗的安全性。结果表明JN和JH疫苗均能诱导SPF免疫鸡产生优良的免疫应答反应,并能使免疫鸡对IBDV-BC6/85株的攻击产生100%的保护。JN和JH疫苗的最佳免疫剂量分别为6 000 TCID₅₀和10 000 TCID₅₀。     

山羊痘苗对羊口疮的交叉免疫试验

在天祝种羊场对羔羊、怀孕母羊共2,189只,用山羊痘苗进行了羊口疮(Orf)交叉免疫试验。通过观察发病率和攻毒试验来确定免疫效果。山羊痘苗一次免疫组羔羊可抵抗1个MID/0.05ml的Orf病毒攻击,三次免疫组羔羊可抵抗10个MID/0.05ml的病毒攻击。山羊痘苗免疫组羔羊发病率比同期平均发病率可降低50％。对临产前一个月的怀孕母羊用山羊痘苗免疫,可保护所产羔羊在哺乳期不发生本病。     

Molecular analyses of oral polio vaccine samples

It has been suggested that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and thus the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) it causes, was inadvertently introduced to humans by the use of an oral polio vaccine (OPV) during a vaccination campaign launched by the Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in the Belgian Congo in 1958 and 1959. The "OPV/AIDS hypothesis" suggests that the OPV used in this campaign was produced in chimpanzee kidney epithelial cell cultures rather than in monkey kidney cell cultures, as stated by H. Koprowski and co-workers, who produced the OPV. If chimpanzee cells were indeed used, this would lend support to the OPV/AIDS hypothesis, since chimpanzees harbor a simian immunodeficiency virus, widely accepted to be the origin of HIV-1. We analyzed several early OPV pools and found no evidence for the presence of chimpanzee DNA; by contrast, monkey DNA is present.     

非抗性筛选抑制素基因疫苗免疫对奶牛产后子宫复旧的影响

将24头产后7 d的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组,高、中、低剂量免疫组(记为T1、T2、T3)分别注射1010、109、108 CFU/mL无抗性基因的抑制素真核表达质粒基因疫苗(重组菌C500(pXAIS))各3 mL,对照组(CK)注射10%生理盐水3 mL。初次免疫28 d后进行加强免疫。用B超诊断仪检测产后奶牛子宫恢复情况。结果表明:加强免疫能提高抗抑制素抗体P/N值,各免疫组P/N值均高于对照组,其中T1和T2组均与对照组差异显著(P0.05),加强免疫7 d,后T1组抗体阳性率最高,达83.33%;抑制素基因疫苗免疫30 d内,前21 d子宫颈和子宫孕角恢复较快,后7 d恢复较慢,各免疫组奶牛产后子宫颈恢复时间短于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05);各免疫组产后子宫孕角恢复时间比对照组短,且T1组的恢复时间(28.75±1.92)d)与对照组((33.75±1.09)d)差异显著(P0.05)。以上结果表明,在本试验条件下,非抗性筛选的抑制素真核表达质粒基因疫苗免疫产后奶牛,加强免疫后能引起较好的免疫应答,且能促进奶牛产后子宫复旧。     

鸡新城疫—减蛋综合症—传染性支气管炎三联油佐剂灭活疫苗的研究及应用

用分离、鉴定、筛选出的病毒株 ,研制成鸡新城疫—减蛋综合症—传染性支气管炎三联油佐剂灭活疫苗。通过实验室免疫效力、安全性、免疫期、保存期和攻毒试验 ,该疫苗强毒攻击保护率为10 0 % ,免疫期 2 0 0d以上 ,保存期在 4 50d以上 ,经大范围应用 ,免疫效果良好。     

新型鸭呼肠孤病毒病浓缩灭活疫苗的制备及免疫原性分析

为研制高效的新型鸭呼肠孤病毒病(NDRV)灭活疫苗,分别采用病毒尿囊液和浓缩后病毒尿囊液为抗原,经甲醛灭活处理后与常规油佐剂制成灭活疫苗,并进行种鸭免疫后血清学检测、雏鸭免疫保护及安全试验。结果表明,浓缩疫苗安全性好,能明显提高疫苗的免疫效果,高峰期抗体效价的免疫持续期比常规疫苗长;浓缩疫苗免疫雏鸭后的免疫保护性达100%。以上研究表明,NDRV浓缩疫苗安全、高效,在雏鸭上具有良好的免疫保护效果,具有良好的市场前景。     

猪口蹄疫病毒DNA疫苗与常规灭活苗的比较

以含有FMDV VPI基因和VPI基因主要抗原位点141—160及200—213位的氨基酸的真核表达质粒pcDNA-VPI和pcDNA-F与常规O型FMD灭活疫苗分别免疫6—8周龄的BALB／c小鼠和豚鼠,同时设生理盐水为阴性对照,以肌肉注射,间隔2周3次免疫的方式进行．通过脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖（MTT）、T淋巴细胞亚群、中和抗体、抗病毒能力的检测和病理组织学观察等方面比较DNA疫苗与常规灭活苗的免疫效果．结果发现pcDNA-VPI和pcDNA-F能够诱导细胞免疫和体液免疫反应,pcDNA-F可使小鼠和豚鼠产生一定程度的抗FMDV感染的保护性免疫,但与常规灭活苗比较还存在差异．     

GM-CSF与猪瘟病毒E2基因共表达载体的构建及其诱导的免疫应答

为探讨粒细胞—巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)对猪瘟病毒E2基因核酸疫苗小鼠免疫应答诱导的影响,将CSFVE2基因和GM-CSF片段插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.0内构建pcE2,pcE2-GF及pcGF核酸疫苗.动物试验时,50只雌性供试小鼠随机分为5组,即pcE2,pcE2-GF,pcDNA3.0,pcGF,生理盐水组,每组10只.0,2,4周于小鼠左后肢胫前肌进行肌注免疫,质粒量为每只每次50μg.每次免疫前和末次免疫后2周尾静脉采血收集血清,ELISA检测血清内特异性IgG水平.末次免疫后1周每组随机选3只无菌取脾,MTT法检测淋巴细胞增殖情况.结果表明,与对照组比较,pcE2和pcE2-GF第3次免疫2周后,免疫小鼠IgG抗体水平逐渐增高,淋巴细胞的转化率也明显增高,且pcE2-GF免疫组的IgG抗体水平和淋巴细胞的转化率高于pcE2免疫组.可见,细胞因子GM-CSF可有效提高猪瘟病毒E2基因核酸疫苗的免疫应答.     

ND-EDS-76异源二联油苗田间试验研究

鸭源ＮＤＶ－Ｄ１０毒株与ＥＤＳ－７６ＧＣ２每株混合接种同一鸭胚，培养９６ ｈ收集尿囊液，制成ＮＤ－ＥＤＳ－７６异源二联油乳剂灭活疫苗，然后与普通二联油乳剂灭活疫苗接种同一鸡群，在 １０，２０，３０，１８０，３６０ ｄ分别检测抗体滴度并进行比较，结果差异不显著。在免疫后 ３０，１８０，３６０ ｄ随机取鸡各 ６０只为 １组，用 ＮＤＶ－Ｆ４８Ｅ９和 ＥＤＳ－７６ＧＣ２强毒株进行攻毒保护试验并进行比较，结果表明两种疫苗在 ３０，１８０ ｄ免疫保护率均为 １００％，３６０ ｄ对ＮＤ和ＥＤＳ－７６的免疫保护率分别为９２％和８７％以上．对临床２００万只开产前１２０日龄左右蛋鸡群免疫接种ＮＤ－ＥＤＳ－７６异源二联油乳剂灭活疫苗，可有效地保护整个产蛋期对ＮＤ和ＥＤＳ－７６强毒的攻击。     

Preventing AIDS but not HIV-1 infection with a DNA vaccine

Although there has been some success in treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with triple drug therapy (highly active antiretroviral therapy or HAART), the best hope for combating AIDS (the disease caused by HIV) could be a combination of drug therapy and vaccination, according to Shen and Siliciano in their Perspective. A new study in rhesus monkeys treated with a DNA vaccine (Barouch et al.) demonstrates that a powerful vaccine-induced CD8(+) cytolytic T cell response reduces the amount of virus in the blood to very low levels preventing the drastic decrease in CD4(+) T helper cells and subsequent immunodeficiency. As the Perspective authors explain, vaccinating HIV patients that are receiving HAART may enable HIV levels to be permanently brought under control such that the drug treatment can eventually be stopped.     

表达猪2型圆环病毒ORF2蛋白的重组伪狂犬病毒的生物学特性研究

为了探讨重组伪狂犬病毒TK-/gG-/ORF2 作为疫苗候选株的潜在价值,对该病毒的增殖特性、遗传稳定性、安全性、免疫原性及保护力进行了研究.结果表明:重组病毒的增殖滴度与亲本株相当,遗传稳定性良好,以100倍的免疫剂量接种小鼠时对小鼠是安全的;重组病毒在免疫小鼠后可诱导小鼠产生针对PRV和PCV2的特异性免疫应答,并且对致死剂量(100LD50)PRV Ea株强毒的攻击具有100%的免疫保护效果.