大豆黄酮对荷斯坦牛围产期血液生化成分的影响

12头初产乳荷斯坦牛 ,自身对照。试验组于预产期前 10d添喂大豆黄酮 80mg/d·头 ,在添喂后的第 7d、产后第 3,10和 17d采取血样 ,测定血浆中葡萄糖、尿素氮、谷丙转氨酶 (GPT)和胆固醇的含量。结果表明 :①血糖水平在添喂大豆黄酮后第 7d、产后第 3,10和 17d均显著低于 (P <0 .0 1)对照期 (饲喂前 ) ;②血浆总胆固醇在产后第 3d比对照组低 18.2 4 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而在产后第 17d时较对照高 34.2 2 % (P <0 .0 1) ;③尿素氮含量在添喂后第7d较对照高 14 .0 1% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而在产后第 3,10d却比对照组低 14 .75 % (P <0 .0 5 )和 10 .10 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ;产后第17d略有回升 ;④GPT的活力于添喂大豆黄酮后第 7d较对照期高 71.31% (P <0 .0 1) ,在产后第 3d和 10d的GPT活力却显著低于 (P <0 .0 5 )对照期 ,分别为 14 .98%和 9.4 8% ,至第 17d却高于对照 8.74 %。以上结果提示 :大豆黄酮能影响乳牛围产期的糖、脂和蛋白质代谢 ,促进了营养物质的转化 ,加强了机体蛋白质的合成 ,以适应机体泌乳的生理变化     

大豆黄酮对荷斯坦牛乳中蛋白质和脂肪含量的影响

22头初胎荷斯坦牛,随机分成两组。试验组于预产期前10d添喂大豆黄酮(80mg/d·头),在产后3d、10d和17d采取反射乳样品,测定其中蛋白质和脂肪含量。结果显示:添加大豆黄酮后,初乳(第3天)中的蛋白质和脂肪含量较对照组分别升高30.11%(P<0.01)和18.94%(P<0.05);常乳中的蛋白质和脂肪含量比对照组略高(P>0.05)。提示:大豆黄酮对乳成分的影响主要是提高主要营养成分蛋白质和脂肪的含量,改善初乳的品质,以提供幼畜丰富的营养     

初胎奶牛围产期某些血液生化成分的特点

12头初胎荷斯坦乳牛,在预产期前10d、7d、产后3d、10d和17d采取血样,测定血浆中葡萄糖、尿素氮、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和胆固醇的含量。结果表明:①分娩前第3d和产后第3d、10d、17d的血糖含量分别比预产期前10天显著降低(P<0.01),分别降低26.05%、53.01%、39.87%和75.95%;②尿素氮含量分娩前第3d比预产前第10天降低46.08%(P<0.01),产后3d、10d提高13.43%%和3.85%,产后17天则低11.16%;③预产前3dGPT水平较预产前10d高30.99%(P<0.01),而产后第3d、第17dGPT水平分别较预产前10d低29.11%和25.2%(P<0.01);④血浆总胆固醇在分娩前第3d、产后的第3d和10d分别比预产期前10天低31.35%(P<0.01)、13.41%(P<0.01)和10.40%,而产后第17d的含量较预产前10天提高10.40%。以上结果提示:初胎乳牛围产期的糖、脂肪和蛋白质代谢均发生改变,以促进营养物质的转化和加强蛋白质的合成,适应机体泌乳的生理变化。     

大豆黄酮对奶牛血清抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

40头健康中国荷斯坦奶牛按胎次、产奶量、泌乳期相近的原则随机分成4组(n=10),试验组日粮中分别添加45、60、70mg/kg的大豆黄酮,对照组饲喂基础日粮。在试验前及试验后10、30、60d颈静脉采血,测定4组奶牛血清中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性,MDA含量、T淋巴细胞转化率和T细胞数,探讨大豆黄酮对奶牛血清抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比较,试验组GSH-Px、CAT和SOD活性显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);MDA含量明显低于饲喂大豆黄酮前(P<0.01);大豆黄酮60、70mg/kg添加组淋巴细胞转化率和T细胞数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

大豆黄酮对母鸡蛋品质及后代仔鸡肉品质的影响

本文旨在研究添喂大豆黄酮对母鸡蛋品质及后代仔鸡肉品质的影响.试验选取产蛋后期肉种鸡480只,随机分为2组,每组设8个重复.试验组在基础日粮中添喂10 mg/kg的大豆黄酮,第5周后收集种蛋,每组随机取30枚做蛋品质分析,剩余种蛋按正常程序孵化,出雏后饲养至63日龄,宰杀取肌肉做肉品质分析.结果表明母鸡饲喂大豆黄酮后,蛋壳厚度和蛋壳比重分别增加了0.03 mm(P ＜ 0.01)和0.45%(P ＜ 0.05);蛋白的Haugh单位增加了4(P ＜ 0.05);入孵蛋出雏率和受精蛋出雏率分别降低了11.5%和8.3%(P ＜ 0.05).添喂大豆黄酮对后代仔鸡生长无显著影响,但显著降低了雌仔鸡肌肉比重和肌肉的蒸煮损失率(P ＜ 0.05),显著降低雄仔鸡肌肉的滴水损失率(P ＜ 0.05);显著增加胸肌黄度(P ＜ 0.05);但对腿肌的快慢肌纤维比例、纤维密度以及快慢肌纤维的横截面积均无显著影响(P ＞ 0.05).以上结果提示10 mg/kg剂量的大豆黄酮应慎用于种蛋禽上,而在商品蛋禽上则具有良好的应用前景.     

初胎牛围产期某些代谢激素的分泌特点

12头初胎荷斯坦牛,经颈静脉采取预产期前10天、3天和产后3天、10天、17天血样,测定血浆中TSH、T_3、T_4和胰岛素的含量。结果表明:从预产期前10天开始到产后第17天,①T_3的水平呈平稳稍升高的趋势;②T_4的水平以预产期前10天的为最高,随后均显著下降(P<0.01);③TSH在产后的第3天和17天均显著高于预产期前10天的水平(P<0.05);④预产期前10天胰岛素含量显著高于其它时间的水平(P<0.01)。以上结果提示:初胎荷斯坦牛围产期TSH、T_3、T_4和胰岛素的含量均发生改变,以促进营养物质的转化和加强蛋白质的合成,适应机体泌乳的生理变化。     

大豆黄酮对急性热应激条件下公鸡睾丸发育、精液品质和血清甲状腺激素水平的影响

选取18只32周龄岭南黄公鸡,随机分为3组,每组6只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ与Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加大豆黄酮3mg/kg和6mg/kg。试验期14d。在试验的第10天对公鸡施行急性热应激(39℃,2h;40℃,2h)处理,分别于热应激前1d,热应激后4h、2d采集血样测定甲状腺激素(T3、T4)水平。试验结束时,宰杀公鸡、称睾丸重量并观察其组织学结构。结果表明:日粮中添加3mg/kg的大豆黄酮能显著(P<0.05)增加睾丸曲细精管直径。大豆黄酮对急性热应激公鸡的精子活率、精液密度、各级生精细胞含量、睾丸增重、睾丸重/体重等无显著影响。日粮中添喂3mg/kg和6mg/kg的大豆黄酮可降低急性热应激后公鸡T3、T4水平,但无显著差异。     

亚硒酸钠维生素E对奶牛生产性能的影响

采用对比试验设计,中国荷斯坦牛试验组与对照组各为30头,试验组30头奶牛围产期(产前、产后15d)开始补喂亚硒酸钠维生素E粉。每天补喂2次,每次15g,产前补喂15d,产后补喂15d。结果表明,试验组奶牛胎衣不下率明显低于对照组;试验组奶牛产后第1次发情平均时间比对照组缩短6d,试验组奶牛产后空怀平均时间比对照组缩短7d;试验组确定妊娠29头比对照组确定妊娠27头多2头,并且情期受胎率和总受胎率试验组比对照组高14%和7%,差异显著(P<0.05);平均产奶量试验组比对照组高12.50%,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

头胎与经产奶牛围产期生产性能和血清生化指标的比较

为比较头胎奶牛与经产奶牛在围产阶段生产性能和血清生化指标的差异,本研究选取临床健康的头胎和经产奶牛各10头,在同等条件下饲喂全混合日粮,于预产期前7、4、2、1 d及产后0、1、2、4、7、14 d晨喂前尾静脉采血并分离血清,测定血糖、甘油三酯和血钙浓度,产后11~40 d记录产奶量,于产后第30天采集乳样,测定乳成分和体细胞数。结果显示,头胎奶牛与经产奶牛血清甘油三酯、乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖和乳干物质等指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）;经产牛产后日均产奶量和乳体细胞数均显著高于头胎牛（P<0.05）;在分娩前第4天和分娩后第2、4天时,头胎牛血糖浓度显著高于经产牛（P<0.05）,但在分娩时,头胎牛血糖浓度显著低于经产牛（P<0.05）;头胎牛在产前第1、2天、分娩当天及产后第2天的血钙水平显著高于经产牛（P<0.05）。     

衣滞康散对胎衣不下奶牛SOD、MDA、NO的影响及临床疗效研究

从氧自由基和一氧化氮自由基变化角度研究衣滞康散防治产后奶牛胎衣不下作用.试验分为3组:产后健康组20例,胎衣不下组20例,胎衣不下用药组20例.用药组按1g/kg体重投喂衣滞康散,给药方法为产后1、2、3d每日1剂,共计3剂.于产后1、2、4、7、10d按设计指标采血、化验分析.结果表明喂服衣滞康散可显著改善产后气虚血瘀证.显著升高1、2、4、7d血液SOD含量(p<0.01或p<0.05);显著降低2、4、7d血液MDA含量(P<0.01或P<0.05);显著降低1、2、4、7、10d血液一氧化氮含量(P<0.01或P<0.05),农滞康散可显著改善产后胎衣不下奶牛的氧自由基和一氧化氮自由基失衡状况.     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.