和牛母牛超数排卵及胚胎移植试验研究效果初报

[目的]研究和牛母牛超数排卵及胚胎移植效果。[方法]利用纯种和牛母牛作为供体,荷斯坦母牛及西杂母牛作为受体,通过供体牛的超数排卵、人工授精、采胚、胚胎冷冻及受体牛的同期发情和鲜胚移植,快速获得纯种和牛及和牛胚胎。[结果]对4头青年纯种和牛母牛进行超排,重复冲卵13头次,共采卵数122枚,其中75枚可用胚胎,可用胚率为61.5%,平均5.76枚/头次。对75头荷斯坦牛及西杂母牛同期发情,结果获得89.2%的同期发情率。67头受体牛移植了鲜胚,2个月后妊娠检查有35头怀孕,移植妊娠率为52.23%。[结论]可以利用超数排卵及胚胎移植增加和牛母牛利用效率。     

荷斯坦母牛超数排卵及胚胎移植试验初报

应用FSH对3头荷斯坦母牛进行超数排卵处理，在母牛发情后第7天，2头共冲出11枚卵子，其中受精卵2枚（1枚桑椹胚，另1枚退化）。将回收的胚胎移植给1头受体牛，2个月后直检怀孕。     

大幅度提高山区牧场母牛胚胎移植成功率的技术探讨

采用中国荷斯坦、西门塔尔和安格斯牛冷冻胚胎对48头山区牧场母牛实施胚胎移植。结果表明，移植妊娠率达到70．83％，胚胎移植的后代雄性比例明显多于雌性（P〈0．01），自然发情受体牛的移植成功率明显低于经CIDR处理的受体（P〈0．01）。     

提高母牛受胎率的措施

从哈尔槟市松花江奶牛场调查情况看 ,该场是国家中国荷斯坦奶牛种牛基地 ,现存栏母牛 2 0 0 0头 ,其中应配母牛 130 0头。几年来母牛总受胎率 95 %以上 ,平均情期受胎率一直保持在 5 6 %～ 5 7%。笔者认为该场母牛受胎率保持这么高的水平 ,主要是有一套严密的组织措施和一套完善的技术措施。在此主要介绍一下该场的技术措施 ,其主要技术措施有以下几条。1　发情鉴定和催情1.1　发情牛的鉴定由于该场地处亚寒带 ,舍饲期长 ,奶牛栓系饲养 ,为发情鉴定带来一定困难 ,为了杜绝漏情 ,该场配种员除了靠母牛在自由运动时 ,爬跨现象来判定发情外 ,同…     

娟姗牛与荷斯坦青年母牛超排效果比较

本试验对56头娟姗牛与179头荷斯坦青年母牛进行超排处理,分别获得可用胚胎227枚和1242枚;可用胚率分别为57.80%和70.65%,娟姗牛和荷斯坦牛超排黄体数无明显差异(P>0.05),但采胚数明显低于荷斯坦牛,娟姗牛的超排结果明显低于荷斯坦牛的结果(P<0.05),移植受体牛270头,怀孕157头。移植妊娠率分别达到52.54%和50.20%,同期娟姗牛胚胎与荷斯坦牛胚胎移植结果比较,无显著差异(P>0.05)。娟姗牛超排使用FSH剂量为9mg更为经济。青年荷斯坦牛和娟姗牛可用于胚胎生产,但青年娟姗牛的可用胚胎数低于荷斯坦牛。     

胚胎移植中供体母牛的配种受胎情况总结

采用超数排卵法生产体内胚胎是否会影响到供体牛以后的繁殖性能,一直是业内人士关心的问题。为此我们对经超数排卵处理的供体牛的继后发情、配种和受胎情况进行了总结,结果表明超数排卵不影响供体牛继后的繁殖性能。1供体牛来源2004年10月至2005年5月,广州市奶牛生物技术工程中心在广州市华美牛奶公司进行了奶牛的胚胎移植及胚胎生产工作。期间,共选择了优质高产的荷斯坦奶牛101头(成母牛13头,育成牛88头)作为供体,并对其中23头第一次反应良好的供体母牛进行了第二次超排。2供体母牛的处理过程2.1根据系谱资料选定供体母牛,对供体母牛阴道放…     

PMSG诱导荷斯坦青年母牛发情试验研究

[目的]为了诱导始配年龄的部分青年母牛发情,提高奶牛的繁殖效益.[方法]对20头荷斯坦青年奶牛应用孕马血清PMSG注射用绒促性腺素进行诱导发情处理.[结果]处理后1～9 d内出现发情的有18头,发情率为90%,未发情率为10%;5头对照牛发情率为10%,未发情率为90%(P<0.01).[结论]PMSG处理诱导青年母牛发情的效果显著、确实、可靠.     

青年荷斯坦母牛超排前卵巢状况对超排后排卵率的影响

共统计比较了652头青年荷斯坦供体母牛的超排记录。结果表明,超排后对FSH无反应的供体有12头,占全部超排供体的1.84%(12/652)。其中2头未表现发情,10头虽表现发情(1.53%),但并未排卵。排卵5枚以下的供体占32.21%(210/652);排卵6枚以上的供体占67.64%(441/652)。结论是在可选供体较多,或是使用性控冻精配种时,可首先选用一侧卵巢上有黄体,另一卵巢有活性的母牛作为供体。     

超排后不同发情时间对荷斯坦青年母牛回收卵数和有效胚胎率的影响

共分析比较了916头14～15月龄的荷斯坦青年母牛不同发情时间对超排效果和有效胚胎的影响.结果表明,上午发情的供体母牛,超排效果和有效胚胎明显高于下午发情的供体母牛（P＜0.01）.在供体超排后,以撤栓后大约24 h表现发情为多(81.11％),而下午发情的供体仅占18.89％.下午发情的多数供体是在撤栓34 h以后,...     

母牛诱导同期发期与自然发情胚胎移植效果比较

<正> 胚胎移植需要一定数量与供体同步发情的受体。本实验于1987年9—10月,在甘肃省张掖市小河乡、沙井乡和临泽县沙河乡进行,在短期内(16天)有计划的利用分散在农村的102头黄牛和杂种牛做受体,采用PGF_(2α)处理诱导母牛同期发情,并移植了黑白花鲜胚。现将同期发情情况、胚胎移植妊娠率报告如下:材料和方法一、试验牛注射PGF_(2α)的受体牛,有本地黄牛(蒙古牛)62头,黑白花×本地黄牛1代26头,西门塔尔×本地黄牛1代39头和犏牛2头.都是农民分散饲养,年龄3—8岁,膘情中等,分娩3个月以后,有正常发情周期的役用经产母牛或青年母牛.注射药物前经直肠检查卵巢有活动黄体。自然发情牛的条件相同.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。