Assessing the drivers of land use change in the Rumpi hills forest protected area,Cameroon

Protected areas serve two objectives, biodiversity conservation and securing of ecosystem services. But the recent expansion of human activities around Cameroon’s Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve in this Era of Sustainable Development Goals is a call for concern. This study assesses land use and land cover change around the reserve and their potential impact on its sustainability. A total of 250 household surveys were conducted across 13 villages in four selected sites around the reserve in addition to 11 focus group discussions. Landsat 7 ETM (2000) and Landsat 8 OLI (2014) images and topographic maps were utilized to quantify land use and land cover change.

During the 14-year period, dense forest dropped to 90.2% while settlements increased from 744.6 to 2148.8 hectares in 2014. Also, farmlands increased by 18.25% representing a change from 9400.4 to 11117.16 hectares. Over 98% and 85% of the respondents are engaged in the cultivation of food and cash crops and are dependent on the forests for timber and non-timber forests products. Land and tree-based interventions that improve soil fertility should be promoted among smallholder farmers to ensure the sustainability of protected areas in Cameroon.     

巴布亚新几内亚、菲律宾和斐济林业发展比较与分析

热带森林生态系统具有重要的生态系统服务功能和价值,然而人类社会发展正影响着其完整性和稳定性。以巴布亚新几内亚、菲律宾和斐济为代表的太平洋岛国拥有丰富的热带森林资源,但森林资源的过度采伐和土地资源的不合理利用正在导致热带森林面积急剧减少。文中介绍了巴布亚新几内亚、菲律宾和斐济这3个太平洋岛国的森林资源现状,着重分析和比较了这些国家的森林资源现状、林业管理体制、政策与机构,以及林业生产与贸易状况,以期为在“一带一路”倡议下我国开拓太平洋岛国地区国际市场提供重要信息支撑。     

Effects of selective logging on tree diversity and some soil characteristics in a tropical forest in southwest Ghana

We investigated the effects of selective logging disturbances on tree diversity and soil characteristics in the Bia Conservation Area in southwest Ghana.The study was conducted in unlogged,29-35 years post-logged and swamp forests using ten 25 m×25 m plots.In total,we identified 310 individual trees belonging to 87 species.Mean ShannonWeiner index was highest in the post-logged forest but there were no significant differences in tree density,dominance,or DBH size class distributions between these forests.Soil physical properties such as pH and bulk density up to 30 cm depth were similar in the two of forests In terms of soil nutrient status,available P,exchangeable K and total N contents were all similar in the unlogged and post-logged forests.Our findings suggest that the effects of logging on tree diversity are comparatively long-term,in contrast to its short-term effects on some top soil physical and chemical characteristics.     

Traditional agroforestry,parcel management,and social forestry development in a pioneer agricultural community: the case of Jala-jala,Rizal, Philippines

This paper overviews a variety of traditional agroforestry systems found in a small community of Filipino migrant farmers. Background information provides context, and then case studies of seven farmers are offered to illustrate the functions which their agroforestries fulfill in a situation of parcellization of farm-holdings into both level and sloping fields. The implications of the brief portraits presented for further research and development and for the acceptability of a social forestry program now going on in the community are suggested.     

珠海市城区集体林地管理与改革

从珠海市城区集体林地的所有权、使用权出发,分析城区林地管理现状,阐明城区林地存在的问题,确定城区集体林地转变为国有林地的方法和途径。     

The environmental characteristics of forest land and the techniques of reforestation in fired land in Daxing’an mountains

Analysis of nature environmental condition and evaluation of selection and integration of techniques have been carried out in Daxing’an mountains from 1987. The character of soil generation in this area is influenced by the frigid, coniferous forest vegetation, weather, glacier and late soil formation process. Synthesis techniques for high yield plantation include high seedling quality, suitable site preparation and effective protection measures for young trees.     

Mapping of the spatial distribution of carbon storage of the Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon (Benguet pine) forest in Sagada,Mt. Province,Philippines

The objective of this study is to map the spatial distribution of the aboveground biomass (AGB, tC/ha) storage of the Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon (Benguet pine) forest of Sagada, Mt. Province, Philippines by integrating Landsat image and the forest cover map. The data was obtained from 66 plots that were established in the different Benguet pine stands in Sagada. The AGB was estimated using the Digital Numbers (DN) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values (with filter and with no filter). The estimated aboveground biomass (AGB) density of the Benguet pine was determined to be 249.66 tonnes/ha corresponding to 112.35 tonnesC/ha.     

Contribution of participatory forest management towards conservation and rehabilitation of dry Afromontane forests and its implications for carbon management in the tropical Southeastern Highlands of Ethiopia

Participatory forest management (PFM) has been applied as an approach to create a framework for collaborative forest management between local communities and government forestry agencies. This study was designed to assess the contribution of PFM approach in improving forest status in the Southeastern Highlands of Ethiopia. Landsat satellite imageries of four years were used to evaluate the trends and rate of deforestation before and after PFM interventions. Socio-economic data were collected from sample household surveys, key participants, focus group discussions, and field observations. The results showed that there was high rate of deforestation before PFM intervention as forestland has decreased by 19% (2531 ha) between 1990 and 2000. However, after the PFM intervention (2000–2016), the forest cover has increased by 247 ha (2.2%). During this period, net 1016 ha of shrub-lands were converted into forestland owing to significant forest regeneration. In addition, most sampled households (94% and 96% from lower and upper altitudes, respectively) perceived that PFM had significantly contributed to improve forest regeneration in their locality. This study revealed that PFM can serve as a stepping stone for carbon financing mechanisms to reduce greenhouses emission and enhance carbon sinks via forest resources.     

菲律宾棕榈藤资源和利用考察

2009年12月我们组成了菲律宾棕榈藤资源和利用考察团。在菲律宾环境与自然资源部生态系统研究开发局Aida C.Baja-lapis博士的组织下,参观了该局的棕榈藤展览室、标本室和试验站,走访了洛斯班诺斯的林产品研究开发所、大雅台的花店和班板牙的棕榈藤加工厂。本文具体介绍此次考察中与棕榈藤相关的内容,为了解和借鉴菲律宾棕榈藤资源和利用提供参考。     

Profiles of carbon stocks in forest, reforestation and agricultural land, Northern Thailand

A study was conducted to assess carbon stocks in various forms and land-use types and reliably estimate the impact of land use on C stocks in the Nam Yao sub-watershed (19°05'10"N, 100°37'02"E), Thailand. The carbon stocks of aboveground, soil organic and fine root within primary forest, reforestation and agricultural land were estimated through field data collection. Results revealed that the amount of total carbon stock of forests (357.62 ± 28.51 Mg·ha-1, simplified expression of Mg (carbon)·ha-1) was significantly greater (P＜ 0.05) than the reforestation (195.25 ±14.38 Mg·ha-1) and the agricultural land (103.10±18.24 Mg·ha-1). Soil organic carbon in the forests (196.24 ±22.81 Mg·ha-1) was also significantly greater (P＜ 0.05) than the reforestation (146.83± 7.22 Mg·ha-1) and the agricultural land (95.09 ± 14.18 Mg·ha-1). The differences in carbon stocks across land-use types are the primary consequence of variations in the vegetation biomass and the soil organic matter. Fine root carbon was a small fraction of carbon stocks in all land-use types. Most of the soil organic carbon and fine root carbon content was found in the upper 40-cm layer and decreased with soil depth. The aboveground carbon(soil organic carbon: fine root carbon ratios (ABGC: SOC: FRC), was 5:8:1, 2:8:1, and 3:50:1 for the forest, reforestation and agricultural land, respectively. These results indicate that a relatively large proportion of the C loss is due to forest conversion to agricultural land. However, the C can be effectively recaptured through reforestation where high levels of C are stored in biomass as carbon sinks, facilitating carbon dioxide mitigation.     

The characteristics of timber production in the administrative region No. 10, in Mindanao Island, Philippines: A case study

The characteristics of timber production in the public forest of a specific region in the Philippines are examined and the patterns on the linkages between logging, deforestation, and socio-economic development are established and illustrated. The logging industry is fully manned and financially capable and is a major contributor to the economy. However, the industry is now shrinking due to the declining forest resource of the region. The end results eventually lead to reduced productivity and contribution. The reduction of forest resources was traced to the excessive commercial logging and agricultural conversion of forest lands. Alternatives are suggested. The assistance provided by Mr. Jose D. Malvas, Jr., Director of the Forest Management Bureau, in the gathering of the data used in the study is deeply appreciated.     

对江苏林地规划问题的立法思考与建议

长期以来,江苏事实林地与规划林地数量之间存在较大的差距。作者提出应该从立法入手,转变思想,提高认识,理顺体制,切实履职,将江苏林地保护利用规划落到实处的建议。     

永顺县退耕还林试验示范区模式配置研究

在永顺县勺哈乡退耕还林试验示范区进行立地类型划分与评价的基础上，在各立地类型区根据各自不同的特点进行了模式和林种树种配置。示范区内共配置了保土经济林还林模式、土壤保持还林模式、块状混交还林模式、山顶防护型还林模式与封山育林模式等5个模式，在各模式中配置了柑桔、板栗等经济树种和杉木、木荷、青榨槭、桤木、马尾松等用材树种。     

湖南省林地保护利用现状及对策

通过对湖南省林地保护利用现状进行分析,探讨了存在的主要问题,从严格林地用途管制、实行林地分级保护、加强森林资源管理、积极补充林地、引导节约用地、优化结构、保障重点、科学经营、持续利用等方面提出了相应的对策。     

占用征用林地审核手续中有关问题与对策

对林地审核手续中的项目批准文件、前置审查的有关问题进行研究,提出了解决问题的具体办法.     

沅陵县林地保护利用规划探讨

林地是国家重要的自然资源和战略资源,是森林赖以生存发展的根基。编制和实施林地保护利用规划,对于发展现代林业、保障国土生态安全、建设生态文明和应对全球气候变化具有重要意义。本文以2009年沅陵县森林资源数据为基础,综合分析了沅陵县林地保护利用现状,提出了全县林地保护利用规划及规划实施保障措施。     

南京市六合区基于0.5m分辨率影像的林地落界及分析

林地落界是为了掌握林地的现有状况,为林地的保护利用规划提供重要的基础数据。高空间分辨率的遥感影像很大幅度地提高了室内林地落界的精度。该文是以高空间分辨率遥感影像为底图,在目视解译的方法上,结合二类调查基础数据,通过建立高清影像的判读解译标志,提取六合区林地,得到南京市六合区林地分布图,与基于中分辨率影像,采用面向对象的方法提取的林地分布图比较,并选取六合区龙袍镇为对象,分析比较了本次林地落界数据和二类调查数据的林地变化率和林地小班的差值变化。结果表明:0.5 m分辨率的影像能够达到将林地落实到田间地块的目的;六合区龙袍镇林地落界由林地到非林地变化率是15%,林地小班差值D的均值为0.24,说明利用高空间分辨率的遥感影像作为目视解译的底图,在林地地类识别和落界精度上都有较大的提高。     

我国未成林造林地成林情况调查监测的思考

基于我国开展的营造林综合核查和林地年度变更调查工作,探讨利用遥感技术、抽样技术、数据分析技术对未成林造林地成林情况进行调查监测的方法,掌握未成林造林地质量、成效状况、成林面积及森林面积增长潜力,为加强营造林管理、科学培育森林资源提供依据,为森林面积增长年度评估提供支撑。     

Balancing carbon dioxide: a case study of forest preservation,out-migration,and afforestation in the Pueblos Mancomunados of Oaxaca,Mexico

ABSTRACT

Carbon-based payments for ecosystem services solely consider afforestation and reforestation to assess sequestration. However, political ecology researchers demonstrate that tropical forests are complex socioecological systems where humans and institutions play an integral role in shaping landscapes. The current framing overlooks the net effect of traditional subsistence agriculturalists leaving behind low emission lifestyles, despite the likelihood of a significant increase in per capita emissions over time. In this case study, we use the history of forest use in the Pueblos Mancomunados—a commonwealth of indigenous communities in Oaxaca, Mexico—to explore sequestration through a socioecological systems lens. As negative emissions programs consider afforestation, we triangulated semistructured interviews, an unsupervised GIS classification of land cover, and a review of carbon dioxide emissions to consider out-migration, abandonment, and lifestyle change. We find that communities are struggling to maintain livelihoods as migration to urban centers and the United States continues. Meanwhile, spatial analysis revealed 800 ha of afforestation. Our analysis of out-migration scenarios and per capita emissions changes identified a tipping point in which no net-sequestration would occur from afforestation due to the changing lifestyles of the migrants and recommend improved local development to avoid this form of “leakage” when assessing global carbon stocks.