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取40余种国内外农药,分别对柑桔害螨、蚜虫、蚧类和潜叶蛾等四大类主要害虫,采用多边测定、系统筛选的方法,选出尼索朗、螨死净、倍乐霸、托尔克、克螨特、卡死克、机油乳剂及叶蝉散等一批高效选择性或部分选择性药剂。大田试验结果表明,停用有机磷或有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类药剂,采用选择性药剂组合技术的实验区比常规区全年减少病虫防治费用14.91%—42.14%;同时,害虫天敌明显增加。据不完全统计,1988—1990年浙江桔区选择性药剂和部分选择性药剂的应用面积超过20余万公顷次;仅尼索朗一种药剂的使用面积就近11万公顷次,节约防治费用超过5000万元。研究结果阐明,在桔园内停止或控制使用对生态环境有严重破坏作用的有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类药剂是完全可行的,该项技术具有明显的经济、生态和社会效益。 相似文献
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自从40年代有机氯杀虫剂滴滴涕问世以来,它在防治卫生害虫、保障人类健康方面立I;了汗马功劳,多年来曾是卫生杀虫剂吨位最大的农药中评1。但由于滴滴涕的高残出,卫生害虫又对其产生抗药性,大多数国家已经禁用。为了寻求替代药剂,各国开展了大量研究,取得了重要成果目前用于防治卫生害虫的药剂有拟除虫菊酯类、昆虫生长谢节剂、引诱剂和驱进剂、有机磷类、氮么甲酸酯类和有机氯类等。五拟除虫菊酯类拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂,对害虫高效广谱、击倒快、*渠小;很快在防治卫生害虫上大显身手。目前已批准登记的用于防治卫生’或虫的主要品… 相似文献
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中国农科院植保所主持的全国农药田间药效试验网,最近在河南省新乡召开了拟除虫菊酯类药剂防治棉花害虫的药效试验交流会。这次会议是为了交流国内外拟除虫菊酯类药剂,对棉花害虫的药效试验和使用经验,评价其防治效果,以促进这类药剂的研制、生产和应用。 相似文献
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六个选择性杀螨剂对棉红蜘蛛成螨和卵的毒力 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来一些棉区开始使用拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂防虫。但它对植食性害螨杀伤较少,而对其天敌毒性很高,因此必然促进螨类的猖獗。 本文试验的6个非有机磷类型选择性杀螨剂,除三氯杀螨醇外,其它5个我国棉区还很少使用。1984年2至4月份,以室内饲养的棉红蜘蛛为试材,测定了这6个杀螨剂对成螨的毒力及其杀卵活性。对其中毒效突出的三环锡,还与常用杀螨剂三氯杀螨醇进行了温室中防治棉红蜘蛛的残效比较。 相似文献
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叶螨是我县果树的主要害虫,长期以来,由于用药品种单一,抗性突出,严重影响果品产量和品质。为了克服叶螨的抗性,保护生态环境,近年来我们引进了国外新型杀螨剂,进行防效对比试验: 试验设:50%溴螨酯乳油(瑞士)1000倍、5%尼索朗乳油(日本)2000倍、5%卡死克水剂(美国) 相似文献
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14种农药的非致死浓度对拟长毛钝绥螨繁殖和定居的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
在室内测试了14种农药对拟长钝缓螨的非致死浓度及其对定居和繁殖的影响。氯氰菊酯,粉锈宁,克螨特,三氯杀螨醇对拟长毛钝绥螨的繁殖,叶上定居及着卵量都有很大的影响。氧化乐果影响拟长毛钝绥螨的繁殖,对定居影响不大。天王星,高效灭百可,灭扫利,功夫不影响,镇量影响在植侏上定居和叶上着卵量。双甲脒,卡死克,阿波罗对拟长毛钝绥螨影响不显著。爱力螨克和尼索朗对拟长毛钝缓螨的繁殖,定居,着卵量均不良的影响。 相似文献
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螨克是新型的杀螨杀虫剂,防治柑桔叶螨效果显著,且可兼治其他害虫。1988年在广西植保总站的协助下,我们进行了防治柑桔红蜘蛛、锈蜘蛛、木虱、红蜡蚧的药效试验,取得了良好的防治效果,现将试验结果简述如下。 一、材料和方法 20%螨克乳油是联邦德国先灵有限公司产品;5%尼索朗乳油是日本曹达株式会社产品;25%单甲脒水剂是江西省东乡农药厂产品。 相似文献
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1997年7月至2000年6月在浙江黄岩进行了不同药剂防治方案对某些柑桔病虫害的防效及成本的比较试验。结果显示,与果农常规的以使用化学合成农药为主的防治方案相比,采用以使用机油乳剂和铜制剂为主的防治方案既能使柑桔病虫害得到有效的控制,又使果园生态得到改善、天敌群落密度及其对害虫的自然控制力得到恢复,进而使害虫得到可持续的控制。实施该防治方案的初期成本可能会稍高于常规防治方案,但持续实施后,天敌群落密度增加,对害虫的自然控制力提高,需要用药的次数减少,一年后其防治费用会降至常规防治方案之下。 相似文献
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ZHANG YU-AN 《EPPO Bulletin》1989,19(4):649-654
The fruit fly pests on Sichuan citrus include Tetradacus citri and T. tsuneonis (Diptera: Trypetidae), regarded as distinct species in China. Special attention has been paid to the former, which is a quarantine pest in China. It is distributed in 18 counties of Sichuan Province and has caused serious losses in citrus orchards. Its hosts are all the citrus fruits, especially orange and pomelo. T. tsuneonis is distributed in only two counties and attacks only tangerine, but it is a potential hazard to all citrus crops in the province. Both species have only one generation per year. The pupae overwinter in soil. Emergence of T. citri begins at the end of April. Before oviposition the adults need supplementary nutrients. Twenty days after emergence, copulation begins and 15 days later the adult begins ovipositing (peak period mid-June to early July). The peak period for hatching is in early September. After three instars, the larva becomes mature in mid-October. The peak period of pupation is from the end of October to mid-November. Emergence of T. tsuneonis is about 15 days later than T. citri. The larvae bore the flesh of citrus fruits, causing great loss to citrus growers every year. Surveys are regularly conducted to check the distribution of the pests in Sichuan Province. Quarantine regulations enacted in 1982 and 1984 regulate the movements of articles that could spread the pests, with specified safeguards. Before female oviposition, spraying with trichlorfon in sugar solution gives satisfactory results in controlling citrus flies in orchards. 相似文献
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Six mealybug species have been reported as citrus pests in the Mediterranean Basin: the citrus mealybugPlanococcus citri (Risso), the citriculus mealybugPseudococcus cryptus Hempel, the longtailed mealybugPseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti), the citrophilus mealybugPseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell), the obscure mealybugPseudococcus viburni (Signoret) and the spherical mealybugNipaecoccus viridis (Newstead). Some of these species,e.g. N. viridis, have recently been introduced into the region and are still spreading. Mealybugs are usually occasional or minor pests of
citrus, but some species can reach key pest status. Mealybug management strategies in citrus have been based mostly on classical
biological control and, to a lesser extent, on augmentative releases. However, chemical control is widely used, mainly because
of the poor adaptation of the principal natural enemies to the climatic conditions of the Mediterranean. The application of
pheromones is still restricted to monitoring the citrus mealybug, whose sex pheromone is commercially available. Mass trapping
and mating disruption should be considered for possible use in IPM programs as an alternative method to supplementary chemical
treatments. Enhancement of biological control through management of ant populations is another promising tactic for control
of mealybugs. Strategies for managing mealybug pests of citrus, and possible levels of integration of different tactics according
to the pest status, are discussed.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Oct. 3, 2004. 相似文献
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2005-2007年,在南丰蜜桔上建立了以人工释放捕食螨控制柑桔害螨为核心,辅以配套的农业、物理和药剂防治措施的桔园虫害控制技术体系。试验证明该技术对防治以柑桔害螨为主的柑桔虫害效果显著。6月中旬以后,生防区红蜘蛛平均虫口密度仅为0.15头/叶,其他主要害虫如粉虱、蚧虫和蚜虫等的发生量均显著少于化防区和对照区。随着该技术的示范和推广,已逐渐展现出巨大的经济效益,每亩可节本增效600元以上,累计增加经济效益达900万元以上。同时提高了桔农素质,提升了生产水平;减少施用有毒农药60%以上,改善了生态环境,进而创造了良好的社会效益和生态效益,为加快推动南丰蜜桔无公害标准化生产进程,保障南丰蜜桔产业的可持续发展提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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XRP-473是灭幼脉类杀虫剂,试验结果表明,对柑桔潜叶蛾和柑桔木虱有较好的防治效果,对一些柑桔害虫的天敌较安全。用70ppmXRD-473防治潜叶蛾1-2龄幼虫,校正死亡率为78.7%和93.6%,作为对比的杀灭菊酯为22.%。用50ppm防治柑木虱初龄若虫校正死亡率91.15%,但对上述两种害虫的老龄幼、若虫效果稍差。用50ppm对脯食性天敌草蛉、蜘蛛、瓢虫捕螨田间施药试验,10天后几种天敌数 相似文献
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D. Rosen 《EPPO Bulletin》1974,4(3):363-366
Following the spectacular biological control of the Florida ted scale, an effective program of integrated control was developed on citrus in Israel. In recent years, a gradual increase of various pests has brought about a marked increase in the amounts of non-selective pesticides applied on citrus, which has in turn triggered still heavier pest resurgences. Intensive efforts are now being made to break that vicious cycle and restore the upset natural balance in the citrus eco-system. A vigorous biological control program has been embarked upon. The prospects for successful integrated control are very good, especially if more realistic tolerances for insect damage on citrus fruit are adopted. 相似文献