卤虫无节幼体的活体消毒试验

卤虫无节幼体是培育海水苗种食物链的重要一环,针对卤虫卵孵化中高温、高密度造成的无节幼体细菌微生物含量过高从而影响育苗成活率这一问题,进行了杀菌试验,结果表明:随着杀菌时间延长到60 min,使用二氧化氯和复合硖杀菌的卤虫无节幼体活力下降,使用紫外线的卤虫无节幼体活力正常;紫外线照射对卤虫无节幼体暂养水的细菌菌落杀灭效果...     

卤虫蛋白粉及其开发途径

卤虫(Artemia)在我国沿海盐田和内陆盐湖均有分布,是广温、广布,耐高盐生物。由于卤虫休眠卵的初孵无节幼体干重含蛋白约60％,含脂肪20％,卤虫成虫干重含蛋白质约57.6％,脂肪约18.11％,并含有各种必须氨基酸、高级不饱和脂肪酸,大量的微量元素和丰富的β-胡罗卜素、核黄素、血球蛋白及一些激素类物质。所以卤虫资源的合理开发利用在水产养殖业中占有重要地位。     

卤虫的营养

卤虫(Arem ia)是水产经济动物苗种生产中重要的活饵料之一,卤虫营养价值的高低直接影响到苗种生产的成败与效益。笔者拟就卤虫的营养价值研究作一综述,供学者参考。1卤虫粗蛋白及氨基酸的研究卤虫一直被水产界认为是高蛋白的生物饵料。不同发育阶段、不同产地和不同投喂条件下的卤虫,其体内的粗蛋白含量不同。随着卤虫的生长,粗蛋白的含量有逐步增加的趋势。国内文献报道卤虫卵粗蛋白含量为45.44%[1],卤虫去壳卵的粗蛋白含量为43.03%~57%[1-3],以新疆巴里坤盐湖卤虫卵粗蛋白含量最高(57%),卤虫初孵无节幼体粗蛋白含量为54.61%~59.92%[2],养…     

对盐池卤虫储量的估测

卤虫是生活在沿海盐区水体中的一种小型甲壳动物。它的幼体、成体含有丰富的蛋白质和脂肪,是鱼、虾、河蟹等幼体与成体的理想饵料。据报导,当前世界各国水产养殖,大约有百分之八十五以上的水产动物以卤虫作为其幼体的活饵料。     

卤虫

<正> 卤虫又叫鳃足虫或盐虫。属于节肢动物门,盐水丰年虫科。动物学上称为盐水丰年虫(Artemia salina Linnaeus)。卤虫分布亚、欧、美各大陆。我国北起辽宁,南至广东海南岛南部沿海均有它的踪迹;并以河北、辽宁、山东三省产量最大。国外以美国、加拿大、苏联和地中海沿岸产量     

新疆艾比湖卤虫

在遥远的祖国西北边陲有个咸水湖,叫艾比湖。这个以前并不起眼的湖,最近几年却成为财富的象征。每年一到８、９、１０三个月,一种充满诱惑力的虫子吸引了全国各地水产商人云集艾比湖畔,为争夺被称为“软黄金”的虫子而展开大战。据《新疆经济报》１９９９年４月报道：“孵化率达９０％以上的艾比湖卤虫卵每吨在国际上可卖６万美元,在国内可卖３０万元。”卤虫到底有何价值？艾比湖又有多少卤虫卵呢？卤虫是一种生活于高盐度水域中的小型甲壳动物,初孵ｌ－２天无节幼体具有大量的卵黄,含有丰富的蛋白质和脂肪,是鱼、虾、蟹等幼体良好…     

盐度对山西盐池卤虫群体的影响

盐度对山西盐池卤虫群体的影响贾沁贤,王贻义,卢敬让,周望舒,杨孟科（青岛海洋大学,２６６００３）（山西省水产科学研究所,太原０３０００６）关键词盐度,卤虫,孵化率,存活率ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＳＡＬＩＮＩＴＹＯＮＡＲＴＥＭＩＡＳＩＮＩＣＡＰＯＰＵＬＡＴＩ...     

盐度因子对卤虫生长的影响

目前卤虫自然资源破坏严重、濒临枯竭,对卤虫高密度人工养殖的要求也就应运而生。而卤虫的生长和存活均受到盐度因子的影响,王睿等发现卤虫的生长和存活受到盐度的影响,证实卤虫的高耐盐性,Browne等人探讨了盐度和温度对卤虫生存和繁殖的联合作用,但他们均没有报道卤虫生长和孵化的最适宜盐度。本文应集约化培养技术研究之需,通过研究,报道盐度对卤虫生长发育及其存活率的影响,为卤虫集约化培养中盐度因子的控制提供参考。一、材料和方法１．材料大盐湖卤虫及休眠卵。２．饵料盐藻（DunaliellA．sp）２０％,小球藻（Chlorellasp…     

三个产地卤虫生长、生殖特征的初步研究

在盐度为20‰和50‰的海水中,分别培养三产地（河北大清河盐场、青海尕海盐湖和美国大盐湖）的卤虫,对其生长和生殖特性进行比较。（1）生长情况：在盐度为20‰的海水中,以河北卤虫生长最快,青海卤虫生长最慢;在盐度为50‰的海水中,以青海卤虫生长最快,河北卤虫生长最慢。（2）生殖情况：在盐度为20‰的海水中,两性生殖卤虫（河北及美国大盐湖卤虫）较孤雌生殖卤虫（青海卤虫）成熟早,且繁殖次数多;而平均每个雌体的繁殖量等参数,两性生殖卤虫与孤雌生殖卤虫均无显著差异。在盐度为50‰的海水中,河北卤虫和美国卤虫在繁殖参数上无显著差异。     

光照、pH及盐度对褶皱臂尾轮虫培养效果的影响

研究了在不同光照周期,pH和盐度突变条件下褶皱臂尾轮虫的存活和增殖率.试验结果表明,光照对褶皱臂尾轮虫种群增殖的促进作用明显,持续光照条件下轮虫种群增殖率为持续黑暗状态的3.5倍;pH存活上限9.5,下限5.5;种群增殖最适pH为7.5～8.5;种群繁殖的最适盐度为30～35,存活的下限为15,上限为40.研究结果显示,光照对于褶皱臂尾轮虫的增殖是必要的;pH的不同对褶皱臂尾轮虫带卵量、孵化率和孵化时间均有影响.盐度突变盐差越大,褶皱臂尾轮虫的适应能力(适应所需时间和存活率)越弱.     

酵母的不同处理方法对其分散度和轮虫培养效果的影响

试验采用多种方式处理酵母,检测处理后的酵母的分散度。处理方式包括搅拌、活化、搅拌+活化。本试验选取30 min和120 min两种活化时间及20℃、30℃、40℃和50℃四个不同的温度梯度对酵母进行处理。结果表明:酵母细胞的分散度为活化后搅拌(直接加水搅拌(直接活化(搅拌后活化。选取酵母细胞密度为2.3×106个/mL,3.3×106个/mL,4.2×106个/mL,5.5×106个/mL,6.4×106个/mL的酵母溶液分别对轮虫进行投喂。结果表明:扩大酵母的分散度,可显著地增加轮虫的增殖率。     

关于开发无公害渔业的探讨

随着我国加入WTO,国际市场对出口水产品的质量提出了更高要求,安全卫生、绿色消费日益成为世界各国消费者追求的首选目标。为适应时代的要求,荣成市十分重视无公害渔业生产,先后在海水养殖、水产品加工等方面进行大胆尝试和不懈探索,使水产品逐步走向质量标准化、市场国际化和消费无公害的目标,成为山东省放心水产品基地县(市),从而为全市渔业经济的快速健康和可持续发展注入了活力,现就开发无公害渔业作粗浅的探讨。     

鲻鱼苗摄食习性的探讨

<正> 大力发展海水养殖业中,鲻鱼作为单养和混养的优良品种,受到了国内外的重视,主要存在的问题是还未解决人工育苗关。大量资料反映:鲻鱼在孵化后2～3天和7～10天间存活率有大幅度下降的现象,第二次死亡的原因至今尚未查明。为此,进一步     

Assessing the Status of Rotifer Mass Cultures

Rotifers are widely used as live larval feed in aquaculture. The stability of rotifer mass cultures, however, remains a critical unresolved problem. It would be useful to develop indicators that can assess the status of rotifer mass cultures and serve as an early warning of trouble. Indicators should be sensitive, easy to measure and have quick response time. Two indicators have been developed that fulfill these criteria: swimming activity and egg ratio (eggs per female). A swimming activity test is described based on the measurement of rotifer swimming over a grid. Results are obtained in minutes and are sensitive indicators of pH, un-ionized ammonia, starvation and temperature stress in the mass culture. For un-ionized ammonia, swimming activity is about nine times more sensitive than an LC₅₀ test, and maximum response occurs within ten minutes. Egg ratio is also a sensitive indicator of physiological stress, but there is a 18-24 h time lag between exposure to stress and a change in egg ratio. Egg ratios during log phase of population growth ranged from 0.5-1.2 and 0.13-0.5 during stationary phase. When egg ratio fell below approximately 0.13, rotifer populations declined. Monitoring of swimming activity and egg ratios should make it easier for aquaculturists to keep their rotifer cultures productive and stable.     

轮虫营养强化研究进展

综述近年来国内外轮虫营养强化的研究概况，介绍了营养强化轮虫在水产育苗生产实践中的应用以及目前被广泛应用的轮虫营养强化剂和轮虫营养强化的方法和技术。     

Effect of Rotifer Enrichment on Sunshine Bass Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis Larvae Growth and Survival and Fatty Acid Composition

The effect of enriching rotifer prey with highly unsaturated fatty acids on sunshine bass Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis larval survival and growth from ages 4 to 12 d posthatch was determined. Comparisons were made among larvae fed (1) rotifers cultured with Nannochloropsis paste versus rotifers cultured with Nannochloropsis paste and enriched with Culture Selco 3000; (2) no rotifers versus rotifers cultured with Nannochloropsis paste and enriched with Culture Selco 3000; and (3) rotifers cultured with Nannochloropsis paste and enriched with Culture Selco 3000, rotifers cultured with Nannochloropsis and Pavlova pastes and enriched with Culture Selco 3000, and rotifers cultured with Nannochloropsis paste and enriched with Culture Selco 3000 and Super Selco. The only differences in survival were unfed larvae with practically no survival compared to 55.4% survival for larvae fed rotifers cultured with paste plus Culture Selco 3000. Larvae fed rotifers cultured with paste plus Culture Selco 3000 were longer and had greater condition than those fed rotifers cultured with paste. Additional enrichment with Pavlova sp. or Super Selco had no affect. A canonical analysis of fatty acid contents of diets, rotifers, and fry supported evidence from harvest results. Distances between centroids indicated distinct differences among diets, less distinction among the rotifers, and little difference among fry. Enrichment enhanced growth, but additional enrichment beyond that done during rotifer culture did not increase survival, growth, or condition.     

Effects of Rotifer and Artemia Fatty-Acid Enrichment on Survival, Growth and Pigmentation of Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus Larvae

Abstract— Enrichment of live food for marine fish larvae with highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) has been shown to improve survival, growth and stress resistance in many species and to decrease pigmentation abnormalities in flatfish. In order to aid the developing summer flounder industry, we conducted an experiment in which summer flounder larvae were fed diets differing in HUFA composition to determine whether enrichment with a commercially available product would increase survival and growth and reduce the incidence of abnormal pigmentation. We also examined whether growing unenriched rotifers on different species of algae would affect the survival, growth and pigmentation of the flounder larvae to which they were fed. Growth of summer flounder larvae was significantly better when they were fed HUFA-enriched Mtifers and Artemia rather than unenriched and, among the unenriched treatments, was significantly better when the larvae were fed rotifers raised on Isochrysis galbana rather than on Tetraselmis suecica . The percentage of larvae that failed to complete metamorphosis during the experiment was significantly higher in the unenriched treatments than in the enriched treatments. Neither survival nor percentage of individuals with pigmentation abnormalities were significantly different among the treatments.     

臂尾轮虫的饵料基础研究进展

自从Ｉｔｏ (196 0 ) [1] 发现褶皱臂尾轮虫 (Ｂｒａｃｈｉｏｎｕｓｐｌｉ ｃａｔｉｌｉｓ)是海水鱼类育苗的活饵料以来 ,它就作为鱼类和甲壳类的重要的开口饵料在生产中应用。目前已报道轮虫可作 6 0种海水鱼类和 18种甲壳动物育苗的活饵料[2 ] 。由于轮虫具有营养丰富、适口性强、繁殖速度快等特点[3 ] ,所以 ,开展轮虫批量化养殖是近年来广大水产养殖工作者普遍感兴趣的重要研究课题。影响轮虫生长繁殖的生态因子很多 ,但从批量生产来考虑 ,关键是轮虫的饵料供应。近年来 ,对轮虫的饵料组成、饵料密度和营养成分等进行了广泛的研究 ,为开…     

底拖网作业捕捞努力量标准化方法研究

本文从拖网网次渔获量的数学表达式入手,在假设捕捞效率与拖网作业宏观技术水平呈幂函数关系的情况下,推导出底拖网作业捕捞努力量和捕捞努力量指数的数学表达式。公式表明一个海域(或渔场)所投入(或所承受)的底拖网作业捕捞努力量不仅与单位渔船数量(决定渔具数量)和单位渔船主机功率有关,而且还与渔船类型(性能)、拖网网型、作业技术水平和作业时问有关。同时,作者还探讨了各有关参数的计算方法,可为底拖网作业的捕捞努力量标准化计算提供一条新的途径,而且在进行不同底拖网网型捕捞努力量标准化的同时,也完成了其年间的标准化。因此,该公式能较全面、较真实地反映底拖网作业的捕捞努力量面貌,有助于较合面地描述和理解捕捞努力量的基本概念。