尖孢镰刀菌Cu02对黄瓜的致病性及防治根结线虫的效果

通过在黄瓜品种9330上接种尖孢镰刀菌Cu02（Fusarium oxysporum）,分析Cu02对黄瓜的定殖及致病性。结果表明：Cu02在黄瓜植株内的定殖率达到100%,但是对黄瓜并不致病。通过在接种Cu02的黄瓜上接种南方根结线虫,研究Cu02对南方根结线虫的防治效果。结果表明：Cu02能减少根结线虫对黄瓜的侵染,黄瓜根结数减少38.0%,与对照差异显著。     

西瓜苦萎病菌镰刀菌酸对西瓜苗的致菌活性初探

提纯的西瓜葳萎病菌镰刀菌酸对供试的４个西瓜品种胚根生长均具有强烈的抑制作用,对瓜苗也有强烈的致萎作用。但不同品种的表现有所差异,４个西板品种对镰刀菌酸的抗性与它们对苦萎病的抗性一致。     

不同地区黄瓜霜霉病菌毒力的差异

为选择黄瓜抗性品种,对来自全国8个省市18个黄瓜霜霉病菌株的孢子囊长度和宽度进行研究,以期明确定黄瓜霜霉病在各地区间的差异。结果表明:18个黄瓜霜霉病菌株的孢子囊存在差异,来自同一城市的菌株间差异不显著,并从供试的10个黄瓜品种中筛选出7个对不同致病菌株反应型各异,抗病感病界限明显的品种,可初步作为黄瓜霜霉病菌生理小种分化的鉴别寄主,利用所筛选出的鉴别寄主将18个菌株分为12个致病性类型。     

不同熏蒸剂杀灭无土栽培基质中尖孢镰刀菌的效果评价

通过人工接种尖孢镰刀菌于无土栽培基质,采用稀释涂抹平板法测定基质中尖孢镰刀菌的数量变化,研究威百亩、棉隆、氰氨化钙、甲醛、1,3-二氯丙烯、二甲基二硫和甲基碘7种熏蒸剂不同浓度处理及作用时间对无土栽培基质中尖孢镰刀菌的作用效果。结果表明:7种熏蒸剂均可以显著降低基质中尖孢镰刀菌的数量。其中,120mg·L-142%威百亩和300mg·L-198%棉隆熏蒸5d对尖孢镰刀菌的灭杀率达100.00%;40%甲醛稀释50倍、800mg·L-1氰氨化钙、400mg·L-1二甲基二硫、150mg·L-11,3-二氯丙烯和300mg·L-1甲基碘熏蒸8d对尖孢镰刀菌的灭杀率分别达99.07%、98.71%、96.57%、94.86%和85.00%。由此得出,威百亩和棉隆对无土栽培基质中尖孢镰刀菌的灭杀效果最显著,且熏蒸时间短,其次为甲醛与氰氨化钙。     

海南岛甜瓜镰刀菌果腐病药剂防治研究

采用几种药剂对海南甜瓜木贼镰刀菌果腐病病原菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发及大田防治进行相关试验。试验结果表明,53.8%可杀得干悬浮剂2μg/mL、1.25μg/mL和25%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂2μg/mL、1μg/mL室内菌丝抑菌效果均达100%;70%达科宁（百菌清）可湿性粉剂、80%大生M-45（代森锰锌）可湿性粉剂及10%世高（苯醚甲环唑）水分散粒剂对孢子萌发的抑制率较好。结合大田试验,生产上可选用25%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂、53.8%可杀得干悬浮剂、70%达科宁可湿性粉剂和10%世高水分散粒剂在甜瓜果实膨大初期及成熟初期喷雾2次,可有效控制甜瓜镰刀菌果腐病的发生。     

西瓜枯萎病菌镰刀菌酸对西瓜苗的致萎活性初探

提纯的西瓜枯萎病菌镰刀菌酸对供试的4个西瓜品种胚根生长均具有强烈的抑制作用,对瓜苗也有强烈的致萎作用。但不同品种的表现有所差异,4个西瓜品种对镰刀菌酸的抗性与它们对枯萎病的抗性一致。     

不同抗性香蕉品种根系分泌差异酚酸对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制

通过高效液相色谱法（High Performance Liquid Chromatography，HPLC）测定香蕉枯萎病感病品种‘巴西蕉’和抗病品种‘南天黄’根系分泌物中10种酚酸物质的含量，并选取含量具有明显差异的酚酸物质验证其对尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型（Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. cubense，Foc）4号生理小种菌落生长的抑制效果。研究发现，接种Foc4诱导后，对羟基苯甲酸和肉桂酸仅在抗病品种‘南天黄’根系分泌物中检测到，邻苯二甲酸的含量在抗病品种中高于感病品种近2倍。在PDA培养基中邻苯二甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸和肉桂酸对Foc4菌落生长的抑制率随着含量的增加而显著增强。研究结果表明香蕉根系分泌物中酚酸物质与香蕉品种抗性之间存在密切的相关性。     

植物致病镰刀菌的研究进展

从植物镰刀菌病原菌的检测鉴定和多样性,病原的侵染及其与寄主植物的互作,致病基因的分析与进化,毒素的形成和甘蔗镰刀菌病害的研究现状等几个方面加以综述,并为未来的研究提供重点和思路。     

镰刀菌属遗传多样性的ISSR分析

对运用分子生物学手段研究镰刀菌属的遗传多样性进展进行了综述,并对ISSR分子标记技术在镰刀菌属遗传多样性方面的应用前景作出了分析与展望。     

Effect of nutrient sources on cucumber production in different substrates

The research was conducted in two successive seasons to compare the effect of nutrient sources, organic manure and inorganic conventional nutrient solution, in cucumber production performed with different local substrates. In fall, the experiment was designed to test three factors, namely cultivar [(a) Armada, (b) Gordion], nutrient source [(a) inorganic nutrient solution, (b) solid organic manure] and substrate [(a) 3 + 1 perlite + clinoptilolite, (b) 1 + 1 perlite + clinoptilolite, (c) 3 + 1 tuff + clinoptilolite, (d) 1 + 1 tuff + clinoptilolite, v/v]. Results showed that organic manuring decrease the total yield by 22.4% in comparison to inorganic nutrient solution. In organic manure treatment, vigorous variety (Armada) gave higher yield than less vigorous variety (Gordion). In the spring season, the tested factors were decreased to two and tested as nutrient source [(a) inorganic nutrient solution, (b) solid organic manure, (c) organic nutrient solution] and substrate. Armada was the only cultivar. Compared to that of the inorganic nutrient solution, total yield was reduced by 10.9% in the organic nutrient solution system and 31.3% in solid organic manure treatment.     

植物根际促生菌防治黄瓜枯萎病的研究进展

黄瓜枯萎病是制约黄瓜生长发育及产量的重要生物胁迫因素.近年来,黄瓜生产过程中土地长期高度集约化、高复种指数以及不合理的施肥、灌溉等措施造成土壤微生物区系失衡,导致黄瓜枯萎病危害日趋严重.植物根际促生菌(PGPR)不仅能改善黄瓜根际微生物区系结构,促进黄瓜生长发育,还能通过自身作用或诱导黄瓜产生系统抗性以有效防治黄瓜枯萎...     

西瓜、黄瓜、甜瓜等瓜类枯萎病研究进展

对瓜类枯萎病及其发病规律、抗病机理、分子标记在抗病育种中的应用和抗源新材料创造等方面的研究进行了综述和评价,介绍了国内外瓜类抗枯萎病育种取得的最新进展,并对瓜类抗枯萎病育种进行了讨论和展望。     

不同营养液配方对阳台水培黄瓜的影响

以‘戴多星’黄瓜为试材,系统研究了7种不同营养液配方T1~T7对阳台水培黄瓜生长的影响,通过测定黄瓜的株高、茎粗、SPAD值、产量、可溶性固形物含量和维生素C等指标,初步筛选和评价出适合阳台水培黄瓜的最佳营养液配方。结果表明:使用T7营养液配方水培黄瓜可以显著提高叶面积,达到429.25 cm2;SPAD值增至47.08;结瓜数14个、单瓜质量65.08 g和单株产量889.34 g、维生素C含量145.68 mg·kg-1和可溶性固形物含量4.24%。与其他配方相比,T7增幅差异显著,可作为阳台上水培黄瓜的最佳营养液配方。     

纳米氧化亚铜对辣椒疫霉菌和根腐病菌的抑制作用

利用纳米材料的特性生产纳米级杀菌剂是近年来农药研发的新领域。为了解纳米氧化亚铜（Cu2O）对辣椒疫霉菌和辣椒根腐病菌的抑菌效果,配制了5个浓度的纳米Cu2O,分别为250、500、750、1 000、1 250 mg?kg-1,采用含药培养基法进行了毒力测定。结果表明：同一质量浓度的纳米Cu2O对辣椒疫霉菌的抑菌效果明显优于对辣椒根腐病菌的抑菌效果|质量浓度与抑制作用呈正相关,毒力回归方程的相关系数都在0.97以上|纳米Cu2O对辣椒疫霉菌和辣椒根腐病菌的EC50分别为135.4 mg?kg-1和706.2 mg?kg-1。纳米Cu2O对辣椒疫霉菌有明显的抑制作用。     

愈合期不同光照强度对黄瓜嫁接苗的影响

研究愈合期不同光照强度对黄瓜嫁接苗定植前质量的影响,旨在为黄瓜嫁接愈合光照的精确化调控提供参考依据.试验将嫁接愈合分为1～3d、4～6d、7～10d3个时段,分别给予6种不同光照强度梯度处理.结果表明,愈合期在45-90-135μmol·m-2·s-1的光照强度梯度下嫁接苗地上部与地下部形态生长显著提升,形态综合指标最...     

21种杀菌剂对6种蔬菜病原菌的离体抑制效果

为减少农药使用量,选用高效且广谱的杀菌剂,采用菌丝生长速率法和最低抑制浓度法测定21种杀菌剂对6种蔬菜病原菌的抑制效果.结果表明,当质量浓度为10μg·mL-1时,苯醚甲环唑·吡唑醚菌酯和申嗪霉素对立枯丝核菌、尖孢镰刀菌苦瓜专化型和瓜果腐霉的抑制率超过50％;吡唑萘菌胺和乙蒜素·代森锰锌对立枯丝核菌的抑制率大于95％....     

不同光强和光质对黄瓜嫁接愈合及生长的影响

为寻求黄瓜嫁接愈合及生长的最佳光强梯度和光质组合,试验选择2R:8B、5R:5B和8R:2B等3种光质与3种光强梯度进行3×3的正交试验,进行不同光强梯度和光质组合对黄瓜嫁接愈合及生长影响的试验研究.结果表明:在相同光强梯度下,随着红光比例的增加,砧穗的接合力、木质部输导力、全株干质量、地下形态指标、根系活力和叶绿素含...     

Quantifying the effects of nitrogen on fruit growth and yield of cucumber crop in greenhouses

Nitrogen supply can improve crop growth and yield. An over-use of nitrogen fertilizer in greenhouse crop productions, however, causes many environmental problems. The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of nitrogen on fruit growth and yield so as to facilitate the optimization of nitrogen management for cucumber (Cucumis sativus) crop in greenhouses. Four experiments with different levels of nitrogen treatments, substrates and planting dates on cucumber (cv. Deltastar) were conducted in greenhouses located at Shanghai during 2005 and 2007. Using data of one experiment, seasonal time courses of leaf nitrogen content (N_L), leaf area per plant (LA), and the number of fruits growing per plant (n_FG), as well as time course of the length of individual fruit growing on the plant (L_F(i)) under different levels of nitrogen supply conditions were, respectively, determined as functions of a photo-thermal index (PTI). The impact of N_L on LA was determined by curve fitting to the experimental data. The source/sink ratio (LA/n_FG), an indicative of the source size per fruit, was then derived from the seasonal time courses of LA and n_FG. The impact of N_L on L_F(i) was indirectly quantified by the relationship between source/sink ratio (LA/n_FG) and the elongation rate of individual fruit (R_FL(i)). Both the harvest date and fresh weight (W_F(i)) of individual fruit growing at different node, and number of harvested fruits (n_FH) were then calculated as functions of the fruit length. These quantitative relationships were assembled to form a model for predicting the effects of nitrogen on fruit growth and yield (fruit fresh weight per plant). Independent data from other experiments were used to validate the model. Our model gives satisfactory predictions of cucumber fruit growth and yield under different levels of nitrogen supply and growing season conditions. The coefficient of determination (r²) and the relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) between the predicted and measured values are, respectively, 0.92 and 0.22 (r², rRMSE) for leaf area per plant, 0.90 and 0.24 for the number of fruits growing on the plant, 0.91 and 0.22, 0.90 and 0.23, and 0.92 and 0.21, respectively, for the length, harvest date and fresh weight of individual fruit growing on the plant, 0.94 and 0.20 for yield. The model may be used for the optimization of nitrogen management for cucumber production in greenhouses. Further model calibration and test would be needed when applying this model to a wider range of conditions.     

2,4-表油菜素内酯对烟粉虱-黄瓜互作的影响

以Q型烟粉虱为材料,测定了不同浓度2,4-表油菜素内酯(2,4-Epibrassinolide,EBR)在烟粉虱-黄瓜互作中对烟粉虱和寄主植物发育的影响。结果表明,烟粉虱取食导致黄瓜中可溶性糖含量显著增加,防御性物质酚类含量显著降低。喷施0.1 mg·L^-1 EBR后,烟粉虱取食过的黄瓜中可溶性糖含量显著降低,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(Phenylalanine ammonia lyases,PAL)活性显著提升,酚类物质含量增加。与不喷施EBR的CK2相比,喷施0.1 mg·L^-1 EBR后二龄烟粉虱存活率显著降低;喷施1.0 mg·L^-1 EBR后14 d若虫体长和体宽分别比CK2减小7.3%和10.0%,有显著抑制作用。综上所述,在本试验条件下EBR处理有利于黄瓜生长,同时可以缓解烟粉虱取食对植株造成的生理影响并抑制烟粉虱生长发育。