5-Azacytidine-induced reactivation of a herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene

Mouse cells transformed with herpes simplex virus and containing the viral thymidine kinase (TK) gene in an inactive state were treated with 5-azacytidine. The result was the reexpression of the viral TK gene. Two days of exposure to 5-azacytidine followed by 2 days of expression time was sufficient for maximal induction of the TK+ phenotype. The induction of TK expression by 5-azacytidine was concentration-dependent, with maximal induction at 10 micromoles per liter. 5-Azacytidine also inhibited the decay of TK expression in TK+ transformants removed from selective conditions. Analysis of the methylation patterns of the viral TK gene with restriction endonucleases Hpa II and Msp I showed the active gene to be unmethylated, the inactive gene methylated, and the 5-azacytidine-induced gene unmethylated.     

鸡PERK的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

根据鸡的蛋白激酶R样内质网激酶(PERK)基因序列进行抗原肽分析,选择含大片段抗原表位区约1 500 bp的一段基因(15~1 515 bp)设计一对特异性引物后进行RT-PCR扩增,并构建pET-32a(+)-PERK重组质粒,将其转化至BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中.优化诱导表达条件,纯化重组蛋白后免疫兔并制备多克隆抗体.PCR鉴定、酶切鉴定和测序结果表明,pET-32a(+)-PERK重组质粒构建成功.SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定结果表明,重组蛋白在1.0 mmol·L-1IPTG、25℃下诱导9 h时的表达量最大.蛋白纯化结果表明,100 mmol·L-1咪唑洗脱液可较好地洗脱重组蛋白,获得较多的纯化蛋白.免疫结束后,抗体效价检测结果表明,制备的多克隆抗体效价达1∶32 000,可以与重组蛋白特异结合.     

Autoregulation of enzymes by pseudosubstrate prototopes: myosin light chain kinase

The myosin light chain kinase requires calmodulin for activation. Tryptic cleavage of the enzyme generates an inactive 64-kilodalton (kD) fragment that can be further cleaved to form a constitutively active, calmodulin-independent, 61-kD fragment. Microsequencing and amino acid analysis of purified peptides after proteolysis of the 61- and 64-kD fragments were used to determine the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal sequences of the 64-kD fragment. Cleavage within the calmodulin-binding region at Arg505 generates the catalytically inactive 64-kD fragment, which is incapable of binding calmodulin. Further digestion removes a carboxyl-terminal fragment, including the pseudosubstrate sequence Ser484-Lys-Asp-Arg-Met-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Met- Ala-Arg-Arg-Lys-Trp-Gln-Lys-Thr-Gly-His-Ala-Val-Arg505 and results in a calmodulin-independent 61-kD fragment. Both the 61- and 64-kD fragments have the same primary amino-terminal sequences. These results provide direct support for the concept that the pseudosubstrate structure binds the active site and that the role of calmodulin is to modulate this interaction. Pseudosubstrates may be utilized in analogous ways by other allosterically regulated enzymes.     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因的克隆及原核表达

据GenBank收录的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒血凝素（HA）基因序列设计并合成引物,以H9N2亚型禽流感病毒RNA为模板,用R1PCR方法扩增了预计约1700bp的HA基因,将此扩增产物克隆进pMD18-T载体,采用限制性酶切及序列测定鉴定阳性重组克隆子结果表明HA基因长为1683bp。基于HA信号肽在表达中的负作用,研究通过基因工程手段缺失HA蛋白位于起始的信号肽的编码户列,获得了缺失HA蛋白信号肽的HA基因,将其亚克隆到pGEX-KG中,与GST融合表达。SDS-PAGE显示：融合表达的蛋白分子量乡为90kDa。     

弓形虫RH株表面抗原SAG3去信号肽基因的蛋白原核表达及鉴定

根据GenBank中弓形虫表面抗原SAG3基因序列,以弓形虫总RNA反转录的cDNA为模板,扩增出SAG3去除信号肽基因并进行原核表达.将重组pET-28a(+ )-SAG3阳性表达质粒转入大肠杆菌BL(DE3)中,用IPTG进行诱导表达.通过SDS- PAGE和Western blotting对重组蛋白进行分析和鉴定.结果表明:成功扩增了不合信号肽的SAG3基因,构建的原核表达质粒在大肠杆菌中得到了高效表达,能够与鼠抗弓形虫阳性血清发生特异性反应,去信号肽的SAG蛋白具有反应原性.     

内蒙古白绒山羊蛋白激酶B/AKT基因的克隆及表达模式分析

 【目的】克隆内蒙古白绒山羊AKT基因cDNA并分析其基本表达模式。【方法】RT-PCR克隆AKT基因 cDNA。通过在线软件BLAST进行核酸序列分析,用SMART与Psite进行氨基酸序列分析。半定量RT-PCR检测AKT基因在绒山羊组织中的表达特异性。Western blotting检测绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞中AKT表达。【结果】克隆到的内蒙古白绒山羊AKT基因cDNA片段长 1 443 bp,包含了编码480个氨基酸残基的全长ORF,氨基酸序列与绵羊（NM_001161857.1）同源性为97%。SMART分析表明,ORF编码的蛋白包含了可与3-磷酸肌醇结合的PH结构域及具有丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶催化活性的S_TKc结构域。Psite分析表明,含有1个cAMP-/cGMP-依赖性蛋白激酶磷酸化位点、6个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点、10个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点、2个蛋白激酶ATP结合区信号和1个丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶活性区域。PSORT程序预测其定位于细胞质中。AKT基因mRNA丰度在睾丸、脑和肾中较高,在脾、肝、肺及乳腺组织中相对低。绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞中抑制mTOR活性,AKT表达量降低。【结论】内蒙古白绒山羊AKT基因cDNA全长ORF的核苷酸序列与绵羊的AKT基因具有很高的同源性,AKT基因在脾、睾丸、脑、肝、肺、乳腺及肾组织中均有表达,其AKT的表达受mTOR信号通路的调控。     

Assembly of a functional immunoglobulin Fv fragment in Escherichia coli

An expression system was developed that allows the production of a completely functional antigen-binding fragment of an antibody in Escherichia coli. The variable domains of the phosphorylcholine-binding antibody McPC603 were secreted together into the periplasmic space, where protein folding as well as heterodimer association occurred correctly. Thus, the assembly pathway for the Fv fragment in E. coli is similar to that of a whole antibody in the eukaryotic cell. The Fv fragment of McPC603 was purified to homogeneity with an antigen-affinity column in a single step. The correct processing of both signal sequences was confirmed by amino-terminal protein sequencing. The functionality of the recombinant Fv fragment was demonstrated by equilibrium dialysis. These experiments showed that the affinity constant of the Fv fragment is identical to that of the native antibody McPC603, that there is one binding site for phosphorylcholine in the Fv fragment, and that there is no inactive protein in the preparation. This expression system should facilitate future protein engineering experiments on antibodies.     

大肠杆菌k88ac菌毛蛋白亚基因的克隆、表达及亲和层析纯化

利用PCR技术,从E.coli C83902中扩增出不含信号肽序列的K88ac菌毛蛋白亚基基因片段,将其克隆到表达载体pQE-30中,构建了原核表达载体pQE30-K88ac,并转入E.coli XL1-Blue中。经IPTG诱导后,由T5启动子调控表达了氨基端带6个连续组氨酸残基的以包涵体形式存在的K88ac蛋白,在变性条件下对目的蛋白进行纯化,并获得了高纯度的融合蛋白。     

甘蓝型油菜BnClo1基因克隆、表达载体的构建及原核表达

【目的】克隆甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)油体钙蛋白(caleosin)基因BnClo1,并进行原核表达研究。【方法】在获得甘蓝型油菜BnClo1基因全长cDNA的基础上,根据BnClo1基因编码区设计1对特异引物,以甘蓝型油菜种子总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR获得了约750bp的cDNA片段,T/A克隆后进行序列测定。随后将该蛋白成熟肽cDNA片段克隆到原核表达载体pTYB12中,构建融合表达载体pTYB12-BnClo1,转化到Escherichia coli ER2566(DE3)中进行表达。【结果】测序结果显示,RT-PCR获得的cDNA全长768bp,包含完整的开放阅读框738bp,编码245个氨基酸残基,caleosin分子量为28.1kD。原核表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析表明,以20℃、4mmol·L-1IPTG诱导该基因表达效果最好,诱导产物为一个与理论值相符的83.1kD的融合蛋白intein-caleosin。【结论】克隆了油菜BnClo1基因,并在大肠杆菌中进行了优化表达。为进一步纯化和鉴定目的蛋白,及研究其功能奠定了试验基础。     

A mutation in the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase that disrupts regulation

A mutant catalytic subunit of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase has been isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is no longer subject to regulation yet retains its catalytic activity. Biochemical analysis of the mutant subunit indicates a 100-fold decreased affinity for the regulatory subunit. The mutant catalytic subunit exhibits approximately a threefold increase in Michaelis constant for adenosine triphosphate and peptide cosubstrates, and is essentially unchanged in its catalytic rate. The nucleotide sequence of the mutant gene contains a single nucleotide change resulting in a threonine-to-alanine substitution at amino acid 241. This residue is conserved in other serine-threonine protein kinases. These results identify this threonine as an important contact between catalytic and regulatory subunits but only a minor contact in substrate recognition.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒ORF5基因的克隆与原核表达

采用RT-PCR方法扩增了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒临床分离株(HBKM2)的ORF5全基因,并进行了测序分析,根据0RF5的结构特点,进一步扩增了截去N端信号肽序列的ORF5(nsORF5),并将其克隆到pGEX-KG原核表达载体,构建了重组质粒pKG-ns5,经酶切和测序鉴定后,转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行IPTG诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析表明,克隆的nsORF5基因与谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)基因获得了高效融合表达,表达的融合蛋白GST-nsGP5分子量约为43kD,并具有反应活性,这为进一步研究PRRSV GP5蛋白的功能及新型疫苗、血清学诊断方法的研制奠定了基础.     

柑橘果实成熟特异基因CsPMEI/InvI的克隆与序列分析

果实成熟特异基因对于调控果实成熟及其品质形成具有重要的作用。在前期获得柑橘Citrus果实成熟特异基因片段的基础上,以纽荷尔脐橙Citrus sinensis Newhall成熟果实为试材,应用RT-PCR和RACE技术,分离获得果实成熟特异基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为CsPMEI/InvI,GenBank登录号:KC198084;生物信息学分析表明:该基因全长945 bp,包含618 bp完整的开放阅读框,编码205个氨基酸,其编码的蛋白质分子式为C977H1568N296O282S10,相对分子量为22.29 kDa,理论等电点为9.84,属于InvI/PMEI（转化酶抑制子/果胶甲酯酶抑制子）家族成员,含有该家族严格保守的Cys残基,存在1个cAMP和cGMP-蛋白激酶磷酸化位点、3个蛋白激酶C 磷酸化位点、2个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点和3个N-酰基化位点,其二级结构主要以-螺旋为主。CsPMEI/InvI基因的分离为进一步研究柑橘果实的成熟机制提供了基础。图7表1参28     

Enterocin A在大肠杆菌中的表达及活性检测

将含有编码成熟Enterocin A的基因片段BAE2克隆到pET-28 a( )大肠杆菌表达系统中,在IPTG诱导下,工程菌表达了可溶性的融合多肽His tag-enterocin A,以金属鳌和层析对其进行纯化。利用琼脂扩散试验检测表达产物及纯化产物的抑菌活性。结果表明:His tag-enterocin A具有抗李斯特氏菌活性,但对所选用的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌不表现抑制作用,显示与Enterocin A相似的抑菌活性。     

小鼠性腺特异表达基因(GSE)的克隆及初步研究

从小鼠的睾丸中克隆了GSE(gonad-specific expression gene)基因,并对该基因进行序列分析和Southern、Northern杂交分析.核苷酸序列分析表明,GSE基因的ORF长度为745 bp,编码247个氨基酸,预测蛋白质分子量为27.6 kDa;Southern杂交证明GSE可能是单拷贝的基因;Northern杂交显示,GSE基因在小鼠体细胞组织(心脏、肝脏、肾脏、大脑、骨骼肌和脾脏)中没有检测到其表达,在睾丸中表达量很高,在卵巢中表达量较低.从推断出的氨基酸序列表明,GSE蛋白在细胞中可能是一个不带有信号肽的可溶性蛋白.     

尼罗罗非鱼Hepcidin抗菌肽在大肠杆菌中的融合表达及其抗菌活性

Hepcidin是一类分子量较小、富含半胱氨酸的阳离子抗菌肽,TH1-5则是从莫桑比克罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)中分离到的3种hepcidin cDNA序列中的1种;虽然化学合成的TH1-5的成熟肽显示了对若干细菌的抑菌活性,但通过重组DNA表达的此肽是否也具生物学活性则是未知的。本文参考莫桑比克罗非鱼hepcidin TH1-5的核苷酸序列,以尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)的肝脏为基因克隆的材料,对其类似于hepcidin TH1-5的成熟肽(mTH)进行了重组DNA表达。在构建的重组表达质粒"pET-32a-mTH"中,mTH基因与携带有6×His-tag标签和肠激酶识别位点的trxA基因融合,25℃下,经1mmol/L IPTG诱导培养8h后,在E.coli BL21(DE3)中成功表达了"trxA-mTH"融合蛋白。经固化金属离子亲和层析(IMAC)纯化后的融合蛋白并不显示抑菌活性,但经肠激酶消化处理后,释放出的重组mTH显示了对革兰氏阳性的单增李斯特菌和金黄色葡萄球菌以及革兰氏阴性的大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌活性。     

淡紫拟青霉丝氨酸蛋白酶基因克隆表达及抗血清的制备

[目的]探索利用大肠杆菌进行丝氨酸蛋白酶PL基因的克隆与表达及抗血清制备的方法。[方法]根据报道的PL蛋白基因序列设计1对引物,通过RT-PCR扩增获得PL基因片段,对重组载体进行构建、鉴定和序列分析,用表达的特异蛋白条带制备抗原,免疫家兔制备抗血清。[结果]通过RT-PCR扩增得到长约850 bp的PL基因片段,将其克隆到原核表达载体pET-22b(+)中,获得的重组子pET-22b-PL转化E.coliBL21(DE3),经最终浓度为1 mmol/L IPTG诱导37℃培养4 h,获得约31 kDa大小的重组蛋白。SDS-PAGE电泳分析表明,该蛋白表达量占菌体总蛋白的60%,说明该蛋白得到了高效表达。用表达的特异蛋白条带制备的免疫家兔制备抗血清,经ELISA测定效价为1/10 000。[结论]通过基因重组可获得PL基因在大肠杆菌中的高效表达蛋白,且该蛋白具有较高的免疫活性。     

Protein kinase C contains a pseudosubstrate prototope in its regulatory domain

The regulatory domain of protein kinase C contains an amino acid sequence between residues 19 and 36 that resembles a substrate phosphorylation site in its distribution of basic residue recognition determinants. The corresponding synthetic peptide (Arg19-Phe-Ala-Arg-Lys-Gly-Ala25-Leu-Arg-Gln-Lys-Asn-Val-His -Glu-Val-Lys-Asn36) acts as a potent substrate antagonist with an inhibitory constant of 147 +/- 9 nM. It is a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C and inhibits both autophosphorylation and protein substrate phosphorylation. Substitution of Ala25 with serine transforms the pseudosubstrate into a potent substrate. These results demonstrate that the conserved region of the regulatory domain (residues 19 to 36) of protein kinase C has the secondary structural features of a pseudosubstrate and may be responsible for maintaining the enzyme in the inactive form in the absence of allosteric activators such as phospholipids.     

小麦-黑麦1BL/1RS易位系99/2439中蛋白激酶基因的克隆

[目的]克隆和分析小麦受体蛋白激酶基因片段。[方法]对经白粉菌诱导24 h的小麦-黑麦1BL/1RS易位系99/2439叶片中cDNA进行5′-RACE,获得小麦受体蛋白激酶基因的部分片段,并分析其蛋白质序列同源性。[结果]通过RACE获得了长度为1 708bp的小麦受体蛋白激酶基因片段。该片段的氨基酸序列(S1125)与基因Lrk19在641个氨基酸跨度内有86%相同,91%相似。S1125与小麦抗锈病基因Lrk10在636个氨基酸跨度内有84%相同,88%相似。S1125可能为丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶。[结论]所克隆的小麦蛋白激酶基因片段与Lrk19基因和小麦抗锈病基因Lrk10具有较高的同源性。