内蒙古纤维亚麻生产、科研、开发的发展历史及对策

内蒙古栽培纤维亚麻始于20世纪60年代初，80年代末开始深入研究。经过科研人员的选择、培育，筛选出适合于本区种植的“黑亚六号”品种，育成了“内纤亚一号”新品种以及一系列优良品系服务于农业生产。但由于主客观原因，目前内蒙古自治区纤维亚麻原料生产停滞，供给严重短缺。因此，重点应从加大企业改革和政府支持力度、开发功能产品，开展亚麻增值技术的研究以及加强亚麻种质资源评价等方面采取切实可行措施，促进亚麻发展。     

亚麻纤维特点及其与产量、品质关系研究进展

本文概述了近年来亚麻纤维发育研究进展,着重介绍了亚麻纤维细胞发育、植物激素与纤维细胞壁关系以及环境、栽培因子对亚麻纤维发育、产质量影响研究等方面的内容.     

纤维亚麻诱变育种的回顾与展望

黑龙江省纤维亚麻诱变育种始于60年代初,先是开展钴60γ—射线、热中子和快中子进行种子照射,70年代开始辐射与杂交相结合育种,80年代用钴60γ—射线进行亚麻活体照射,先后获得一批优良突变系,育成黑亚四号、六号两个优良品种,并在辐射材料的选择、适宜引变剂量     

云南亚麻生产存在的问题及应对措施

本文从云南纤维亚麻生产环境气候的多样性、亚麻生态适应性以及产业化经营要求出发,分析云南亚麻种植、加工中存在的问题,提出云南低纬高原立体气候条件下做强做大亚麻特色产业的对策和建议.     

纤维亚麻新品种黑亚14号选育报告

黑亚14号是由黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所育成的纤维亚麻新品种,于2003年3月由黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定通过.区域试验和生产试验结果表明,该品种原茎、长麻、全麻及种子产量分别为6283.5,930.6,1416.5和758.5kg/hm2,分别比黑亚7号(对照)增产10.6%,19.6%,18.6%和11.9%.长麻率18.4%,比对照高1.8个百分点.纤维强度26.4kg,属于优质、高产纤维亚麻新品种.     

1997～1998年亚麻新品系86-963区域试验总结

根据亚麻生产的发展和市场经济的需要,选育早熟、丰产、抗逆性强、出麻率高、纤维品质好的亚麻新品种,是当前生产上急需解决的问题.为满足各亚麻原料厂对亚麻良种的需求,在各县亚麻原料厂及良种场进行亚麻新品系区域试验,进一步鉴定近年来我省亚麻新品系的丰产性、抗逆性及纤维品质,促进亚麻种植业、原料加工业和纺织工业的发展,以便为生产上推广良种提供理论依据.     

不同亚麻品种主要农艺性状与产量相关分析

试验对华亚2号、华亚3号、华亚4号、华亚5号、Amine(荷兰)和Vesta(荷兰)6个亚麻品种在2018—2021年内5个关键农艺性状和4个产量性状的变化趋势以及相关性进行分析。结果表明,6个亚麻品种蒴果数和种子产量的变异系数较大,稳定性相对较弱,其余农艺性状均表现出较好的变异性。其中华亚2号、华亚5号、Amine和Vesta干茎制成率的变异系数均小于3%,变异幅度小,稳定性较强。6个亚麻品种的种子产量、纤维产量、原茎产量和全麻率的变化趋势不同：华亚2号、Amine和Vesta亚麻品种种子产量均呈上升趋势;华亚2号、华亚4号、华亚5号和Amine的原茎产量呈上升趋势,其余两种呈略下降趋势;华亚3号纤维产量略下降,其余品种整体呈上升趋势;6个亚麻品种的全麻率变化趋势稳定。相关性分析结果显示,株高、工艺长是影响亚麻原茎产量和纤维产量的最主要因素,与原茎产量和纤维产量均呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),株高和工艺长是影响亚麻产量的重要性状,提高亚麻品种的株高和工艺长是提高纤维产量和原茎产量的有效途径。上述研究为亚麻育种规划、开发高产改良品种提供理论基础。     

亚麻纤维特点及其与产量、品质关系研究进展

本文概述了近年来亚麻纤维发育研究进展，着重介绍了亚麻纤维细胞发育、植物激素与纤维细胞壁关系以及环境、栽培因子对亚麻纤维发育、产质量影响研究等方面的内容。     

云南亚麻生产优势及特点

本文作者从我国东北老区亚麻生产的发展历程,根据亚麻生态适应性,结合云南"立体气候"特点和亚麻生产现状,详实阐述了云南发展亚麻生产的有利条件以及种植特点.     

国外亚麻种质资源的引进、研究和利用

筛选出遗传基础好、抗病性强、综合性状好、品质优良等从国外引进的亚麻优异种质资源12份.并在育种中广泛利用.育成10个具有高纤维、优质、抗逆性强等特点的优良品种.这些品种资源的引进与利用,丰富了我国亚麻的遗传基础,提高了育种水平,对推动亚麻生产快速发展起到了重要作用.     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.