云霄县杨桃果园橘小实蝇的发生动态及防控

调查了云霄县杨桃园橘小实蝇种群的发生动态及不同防治试验方法,并探讨了其防控配套技术。结果表明,4种不同防治方法存在极显著差异,防控效果由高至低分别为:性诱防治+套袋>套袋>化学防治>性诱防治。实践表明,性诱防治+果实套袋能有效防控橘小实蝇发生为害,该配套技术值得推广。     

橘小实蝇生物学特性研究

通过对橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)在18℃、22℃、25℃、28℃、30℃下卵、幼虫、蛹的发育历期及室内条件下成虫羽化、取食、交配、产卵等生物学特性的研究，结果表明，橘小实蝇卵、幼虫、蛹的发育历期随温度的降低而延长，其发育最适温度为25～30℃。在25℃下，卵、幼虫、蛹的平均发育历期分别为1．5d、19．5d和12．5d；在28℃下，卵、幼虫、蛹的平均发育历期分别为1．3d、16d和9d。成虫具趋光性，羽化高峰为9：00～10：00，8：00～10：30和15：00～18：00为取食时间，多数成虫只交配1次，交尾高峰为19：30～22：30，产卵高峰为16：00～18：30，产卵开始后约20d达产卵高峰期，卵聚产。初孵幼虫具群聚性和负趋光性，幼虫成熟后具趋光性．跳跃能力极强。老熟幼虫经1～2d预蛹期后化蛹，湿度以60％-70％为宜。     

果实酸度对橘小实蝇羽化作用影响的初探

对番石榴(Pisidum guava L.)、杨桃(Annona squaamosa L.)、黄皮(Clausena lansium (Lour) Skeels)橘小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel))寄主果实成熟前后的pH进行测定,并对3种果实成熟过程中pH对橘小实蝇化蛹和羽化作用进行了探讨.结果表明3种寄主果实成熟过程中pH对橘小实蝇化蛹和羽化有一定影响:膨大期果实pH 5.0以上利于橘小实蝇的羽化,成熟期果实pH 3.0～4.2对橘小实蝇羽化无明显影响.     

橘小实蝇的地理分布模型

根据橘小实蝇的致死温度和有效积温,用Access设计气候资料和地理信息数据库,用MapX和Visual Basic设计程序,建立了橘小实蝇地理分布模型.用中国670个气象站点30a的气候资料运行该模型.结果表明,橘小实蝇可在中国25%的地区发生,分布北界为(30±2)N左右,1a发生3-12代.     

粤西山区橘小实蝇的发生与为害

2008年2月至2009年2月,在广东罗定市太平镇和罗镜镇利用性引诱剂对橘小实蝇进行了全年种群动态监测,调查结果显示橘小实蝇已在罗定大量发生、为害.该虫数量4-6月开始迅速上升,6-9月份是发生盛期:10月份虫口密度逐渐下降,12月到翌年2月份种群数量很低.     

橘小实蝇发生与综合防治研究进展

概述了橘小实蝇的发生与综合防治的研究进展,主要包括其生物及生态学特性、风险性和适生性评估、动态监测与防治指标以及综合防治方法。     

橘小实蝇白蛹品系的建立

橘小实蝇属双翅目实蝇科,果实蝇属,是一种世界性检疫害虫。橘小实蝇严重为害40多个科250多种水果和蔬菜,食性杂、传播快、危害大、防治困难,被世界各国列为水果“头号杀手”。20世纪90年代传入我国,在华南、西南等地猖獗危害,对果、蔬等重要经济作物构成严重威胁。目前国内防治     

橘小实蝇引诱物质研究进展

综述了橘小实蝇引诱剂物质和引诱机制的研究进展,指出当前对引诱物质的研究主要集中在蛋白和化学物质以及植物源物质上,对引诱机理的研究也表现在对化学物质和营养物质的需求方面,植物源引诱物质将成为未来橘小实蝇研究的重点。     

闽南杨桃园橘小实蝇绿色防控技术及其示范应用成效

概述了2011-2014年在云霄县下河乡下河村富达农民专业合作社无公害杨桃生产基地建立的绿色防控示范区的基本情况,介绍了以农业防治、物理防治、生物防治及科学用药为主的集成绿色防控技术,总结了其推广应用成效。     

莲雾果实挥发物对橘小实蝇的引诱作用

【目的】研究莲雾Syzyzgium samarangense果实挥发物对橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis的引诱作用.【方法】利用Y型嗅觉仪测试橘小实蝇对5个莲雾品种(黑珍珠、印度红、大叶、泰国红钻石、巴掌)的成熟果及黑珍珠果的5个不同发育阶段挥发物的行为反应,并通过室内接虫研究该虫对5个莲雾品种的产卵选择性;利用固相微萃取法(SPME)和气质联用(GC-MS)技术对5个莲雾品种成熟果的挥发物成分进行分析;依据黑珍珠不同发育阶段挥发物成分的变化,并结合5个莲雾品种挥发物成分,测试9种合成的单体化合物对橘小实蝇的引诱效果.【结果和结论】5个莲雾品种及黑珍珠果不同发育阶段的挥发物对雄虫无引诱作用(P0.05);不同品种对雌虫具有不同的引诱作用,其相对引诱率为黑珍珠(40.75%)印度红(39.40%)大叶(34.76%)泰国红钻石(23.02%)巴掌(15.54%);黑珍珠果不同发育阶段的挥发物质对雌虫的引诱作用随着果实成熟逐渐增强;橘小实蝇的产卵选择性结果[黑珍珠(517.0头)大叶(433.0头)印度红(357.0头)泰国红钻石(305.7头)巴掌(200.0头)]与嗅觉反应结果基本一致.各品种的挥发物主要成分及相对含量分别是黑珍珠(12种,80.27%);印度红(6种,23.56%);大叶(6种,69.90%);泰国红钻石(11种,96.97%);巴掌(9种,95.1%),表明品种间挥发物成分差异很大.乙酸异丁酯、癸醛、β-石竹烯、莰酮4种化合物对橘小实蝇雌虫有明显的引诱作用,γ-萜品烯、α-法尼烯和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯3种化合物仅对性成熟的雌虫有明显的引诱作用;这些化合物中乙酸异丁酯、γ-萜品烯和莰酮对雄虫亦有引诱作用.同一种化合物,对性成熟橘小实蝇的引诱作用强于对性未成熟的引诱作用,对雌虫的引诱作用远大于对雄虫的引诱作用,尤其是对性成熟雌虫的引诱作用最强.     

橘小实蝇转主寄生的种群动态

以橘小实蝇入侵果蔬混栽橘园为研究对象,通过调查橘小实蝇对不同蔬菜寄主及柑橘品种之间的为害差异,结合蔬菜生育期和柑橘果实成熟期,明确了橘小实蝇转主寄生的种群动态,在柑橘果实转色期之前,橘小实蝇在蔬菜区继代繁殖;在柑橘果实转色后,橘小实蝇转主入侵到柑橘为害。橘小实蝇可因各蔬菜寄主成熟与否选择性为害;橘小实蝇对温州蜜柑为害严重,本地早和四三九品种为害较轻,哈姆林及刘本橙在本地不为害。同时给出了果蔬混栽园内橘小实蝇自柑橘瓜果期至采收期期间的种群动态。     

桔小实蝇寄主选择性的研究与应用

综述了桔小实蝇成虫对寄主果实选择及应用的研究概况。桔小实蝇成虫对寄主果实的选择表现为对果实不同部位的选择、同种寄主不同成熟度果实的选择、同一寄主不同品种的选择、不同寄主果实的选择四个方面。桔小实蝇成虫对寄主果实的选择主要受果实挥发性物质(包括自然释放和虫害诱导释放)、果实的品质性状、颜色、取食经历及记忆行为和昆虫内共生菌等因素的影响。     

橘小实蝇在江西省的潜在分布区预测

利用橘小实蝇的分布点数据和环境因子数据,通过GARP生态位模型预测了橘小实蝇在江西省的潜在分布区域。结果表明,橘小实蝇在江西省的适生面积占全省面积的2/3以上。在24~26°N赣南盆地的大部分区域,年平均气温在19～20℃,是橘小实蝇的高适生区;在26~27°N的赣州北部的部分地区以及吉安西南部、抚州、鹰潭、上饶东南部的少部分地区,年平均气温在18～19℃,是橘小实蝇的中适生区;在26~30°N的滨湖、赣江中下游、抚河、袁水区域和赣西南山区,年平均气温在17～18℃,是橘小实蝇的低适生区;赣东北、赣西北和长江沿岸地区,年平均气温为16～17℃,是橘小实蝇的非适生区。     

不同诱捕处理对桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇的诱集作用

利用引诱剂喷涂于瓶外与瓶内分别装水0、50、100、200 mL 5种不同诱捕处理方法,在番石榴园内对桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇进行诱集对比。结果发现,在用量1 g的条件下,好粘与稳得引诱剂对桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇均具有诱集效果,两种引诱剂对桔小实蝇的诱集效果前者大于后者,而对瓜实蝇的诱集效果则相反。不同诱捕处理的诱捕效果具有较大的差异性,在不同诱捕处理中,好粘对两种实蝇的诱集效果随加水量的增加而增强,当加水200 mL时达最大值;稳得对两种实蝇的诱集效果随着瓶内水量的增加,表现出先增强后随水量的增加诱集效果逐渐减弱,当加水50 mL时达最大值;但两种引诱剂喷涂在瓶内的不同诱捕处理对两种实蝇的诱集效果均明显好于喷涂瓶外。     

桔小实蝇的产卵选择性

以番石榴、酸石榴、甜石榴和西红柿四种果实引诱雌虫产卵结果可知,桔小实蝇最喜欢在番石榴上产卵(132. 3±7. 31 /♀),次之是酸石榴(58. 0±6. 24 /♀ )和甜石榴 ( 42. 3±3. 84 /♀ ),而西红柿最差 ( 4. 3±1. 20 /♀)。雌虫产卵易受果实伤口引诱,雌虫喜欢在机械损伤造成的伤口上产卵。雌虫喜欢选择在成熟果实上产卵,果实越成熟产卵的数量越多。     

桔小实蝇幼虫呼吸代谢研究

[目的]明确桔小实蝇幼虫的呼吸代谢特征。[方法]以重要的水果害虫桔小实蝇幼虫为对象,研究其呼吸代谢特征。[结果]桔小实蝇整个幼虫期总耗氧量达21.61 mL,耗氧量随着幼虫的生长发育而增加。各日龄幼虫的呼吸代谢存在显著差异,而这种差异与它们的生活特性有直接相关性。[结论]研究结果为进一步了解桔小实蝇为害规律和制定检疫处理技术提供了参考。     

桔小实蝇雄成虫的空间分布格局

用多种聚集度指标分析了桔小实蝇Bactrocera(Bactrocera)dorsalis(Hendel)雄成虫在番石榴和杨桃园的空间分布格局．结果表明,该虫雄成虫分布基本成分为个体群,雄虫个体间相互排斥,其密度高低影响空间分布,密度高时呈随机分布,密度低时主要是随机分布,部分为聚集分布．     

Influence of Host Shift on Genetic Differentiation of the Oriental Fruit Fly,Bactrocera dorsalis

Invasion of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, into new niches containing different food sources (a process referred to as host shift), may cause population genetic differentiation and sympatric speciation. To attempt to infer that experimentally, test populations were established by transferring a subset of the original populations, which had been grown on banana for many generations, onto navel orange, and then subculturing the navel orange population and banana population for at least 20 generations. Four pairs of SSR primers with high polymorphism on laboratory strains were used to detect population genetic differentiation. All six tested populations (the 5th, 10th and 15th generations of B. dorsalis fed on banana and navel orange, respectively) were found to have low genetic diversity. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of the navel orange populations was found to decline after being crossed for several generations. Populations initially were deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, however, equilibrium was achieved with increasing numbers of generations in both of the host populations. Limited gene flows were found among the six populations. The Nei's standard genetic distances between the two host populations of the same generation were initially low, but increased with generation number. Genetic distances between banana and navel orange populations of the same generation were lower than genetic distances between different generations grown on the same host plant. Analysis of molecular distance (AMOVA) results based on generation groups and host groups demonstrated that genetic variation among generations was greater than that between the two host populations. The results indicated that population genetic differentiation occurred after the host shift, albeit at low level. Biogeography and taxonomy of the B. dorsalis complex revealed that speciation of B. dorsalis might be tightly associated with host shift or host specialization of B. dorsalis following dispersal.     

Inlfuence of Host Shift on Genetic Differentiation of the Oriental Fruit Fly,Bactrocera dorsalis

Invasion of the oriental fruit lfy, Bactrocera dorsalis, into new niches containing different food sources （a process referred to as host shift）, may cause population genetic differentiation and sympatric speciation. To attempt to infer that experimentally, test populations were established by transferring a subset of the original populations, which had been grown on banana for many generations, onto navel orange, and then subculturing the navel orange population and banana population for at least 20 generations. Four pairs of SSR primers with high polymorphism on laboratory strains were used to detect population genetic differentiation. All six tested populations （the 5th, 10th and 15th generations of B. dorsalis fed on banana and navel orange, respectively） were found to have low genetic diversity. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of the navel orange populations was found to decline after being crossed for several generations. Populations initially were deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, however, equilibrium was achieved with increasing numbers of generations in both of the host populations. Limited gene lfows were found among the six populations. The Nei’s standard genetic distances between the two host populations of the same generation were initially low, but increased with generation number. Genetic distances between banana and navel orange populations of the same generation were lower than genetic distances between different generations grown on the same host plant. Analysis of molecular distance （AMOVA） results based on generation groups and host groups demonstrated that genetic variation among generations was greater than that between the two host populations. The results indicated that population genetic differentiation occurred after the host shift, albeit at low level. Biogeography and taxonomy of the B. dorsalis complex revealed that speciation of B. dorsalis might be tightly associated with host shift or host specialization of B. dorsalis following dispersal.