沙冬青提取物(JA1)对小鼠肝癌H22细胞体外增殖和皮下移植生长的抑制

采用噻唑蓝（MTT）还原法测定梯度浓度的沙冬青提取物（JA1）对体外培养小鼠肝癌细胞株H22增殖的影响;同时对皮下移植肿瘤H22小鼠灌服不同剂量的JA1以检测抑瘤率,进一步采用流式细胞术、光镜和透射电子显微镜技术,检测和观察JA1对小鼠移植性肿瘤H22的诱导凋亡作用。结果显示,JA1可显著抑制体外培养小鼠肝癌H22细胞的增殖,并且这种抑制存在浓度和时间关系。同时,JA1对小鼠皮下移植性肿瘤H22也有明显的抑制作用。流式细胞分析表明,JA1灌胃试验组瘤组织细胞DNA直方图上见有明显的凋亡峰;在光镜和电镜下,JA1灌胃试验组也见有明显的瘤细胞凋亡,表明JA1对体内、外H22细胞的增殖抑制是以诱导凋亡为基础的。     

玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠胸腺上皮细胞的毒性作用

采用台盼蓝计数、流式细胞仪分析等方法,离体研究玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠胸腺上皮细胞增殖与细胞周期的影响,结果发现:不同质量浓度(1～25 mg/L)玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠胸腺上皮细胞的增殖均具有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),并表现出与剂量和处理时间依赖性关系.高剂量(10～25 mg/L)ZEA使小鼠胸腺上皮细胞细胞周期显著阻滞于G2/M期(P<0.05),并存在剂量依赖性关系.这些结果表明,玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠胸腺上皮细胞有直接毒害作用.     

松乳菇菌丝多糖对小鼠免疫调节作用研究

为了探讨松乳菇菌丝多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响,试验将小鼠分为4组,试验组每日分别灌胃3种剂量的松乳菇菌丝多糖,对照组灌胃等量的生理盐水,连续灌胃14 d。于第15天,称取胸腺和脾脏的重量,测定小鼠的胸腺指数和脾脏指数;以碳廓清法测定小鼠单核-巨噬细胞的吞噬功能;采用MTT法检测脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力;采用鸡红细胞免疫小鼠法检测血清溶血素效价。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组胸腺指数和脾脏指数均明显升高,且中、高剂量组胸腺指数和脾脏指数差异极显著(P0.01);中、高剂量组能显著提高小鼠单核-巨噬细胞吞噬活性(P0.05);中剂量组能显著提高小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖能力(P0.05),高剂量组能极显著提高小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖能力(P0.01);3个剂量组均能进一步提高小鼠血清溶血素效价,且中、高剂量组能极显著提高(P0.01)。说明松乳菇菌丝多糖能增强小鼠的免疫功能。     

旋毛虫感染诱导的抗MCF-7肿瘤细胞作用

用不同剂量的旋毛虫感染BALB/c小鼠,并将试验组分为荷瘤11 d前接种旋毛虫组和荷瘤11 d后接种旋毛虫组,2组均于荷瘤20 d后解剖小鼠,测定小鼠体内肿瘤的体积、重量及抑瘤率,并检测T淋巴细胞亚群。试验结果表明旋毛虫对BALB/c小鼠体内的MCF-7肿瘤细胞的生长有一定的抑制作用,并且荷瘤11 d前接种旋毛虫组的抑瘤效果优于荷瘤11 d后接种旋毛虫组。     

17-β-雌二醇对小鼠胸腺上皮细胞增殖的影响

为探讨17-β-雌二醇对小鼠胸腺上皮细胞增殖的影响及其分子机制,将小鼠胸腺上皮细胞系(MTEC1)经不同浓度和不同时间的17-β-雌二醇处理后,采用CCK-8法、Edu掺入法检测细胞增殖活性的变化;流式细胞术检测细胞周期的变化;DAPI染色法检测细胞核形态的变化;Western blot技术检测细胞周期相关基因CDK1及CyclinB1蛋白表达的变化。结果显示,雌激素显著抑制MTEC1细胞的生长,并呈时间和剂量依赖性;雌激素处理组G2/M期细胞显著增多,出现G2/M期阻滞;细胞形态变化明显,出现形状变大、多核、核染色质凝聚等现象;CDK1及CyclinB1的蛋白表达水平显著下调。结果表明,17-β雌二醇可以抑制MTEC1细胞的增殖,其机制可能是通过下调细胞周期正调节因子CDK1及CyclinB1的表达,使细胞阻滞于G2/M期。     

吉医胶囊(SAOG)对CTX 致免疫低下小鼠的免疫增强作用

为了研究吉医胶囊(SAOG)对环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamide,CTX)所致免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用,并阐述其作用机制。将ICR小鼠分为对照组、模型组、吉医胶囊低、中、高(0.4、0.8、1.6 mg/10 g·bw)剂量组,各组连续灌服21 d,对照组/模型组灌服生理盐水。模型组和SAOG各剂量组试验结束前连续5 d腹腔注射CTX(20 mg/kg·bw),对照组腹腔注射同体积的生理盐水。给药结束后,测定各组小鼠外周血白细胞数,胸腺和脾脏指数,并对胸腺和脾脏的组织形态学进行观察,使用碳粒廓清法评估巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,ELISA法检IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α水平,CCK-8法评价脾淋巴细胞增殖能力,采用流式细胞术检测外周血淋巴细胞数量变化。结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组小鼠脾脏和胸腺损伤明显,与模型组相比,SAOG各剂量组小鼠胸腺指数、巨噬细胞吞噬功能、TNF-α水平、淋巴细胞数量和增殖能力显著增加,脾脏和胸腺的病理损伤明显减轻。结果表明,吉医胶囊具有增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

不同剂量川芎多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

选取实验使用普通小白鼠,随机分成低、中、高剂量组以及对照组。对照组给予蒸馏水,其余各组均给予不同剂量的川芎多糖灌胃,检测小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数,计算吞噬百分率和吞噬指数,以观察川芎多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果显示,120 mg/(kg·BW)剂量组能同时提高小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数,即促进胸腺和脾脏的发育,使吞噬细胞的活性升高。研究结果表明,一定剂量的川芎多糖可以提高小鼠的免疫功能。     

云南松松塔提取物对H22肝癌小鼠的作用研究

观察云南松松塔乙醇提取物(PEA)、碱水提取醇沉物(PED)对H22肝癌小鼠的影响。将H22腹水瘤模型小鼠随机分组,灌胃给药,1次/d,治疗10 d。观察各小鼠一般状况及20 d内的死亡情况,计算生命延长率。建立H22实体瘤模型,分组及给药同前。给药第1天开始,隔天测量1次各小鼠肿瘤直径(mm),计算肿瘤体积;末次给药24 h后,取脾脏观察T细胞和B细胞刺激指数(SI)、NK细胞和CTL细胞杀伤活性;取瘤块,HE染色观察肿瘤细胞形态学变化。结果表明,PEA、PED各剂量组小鼠的生存质量较模型组提高,生命延长率最大分别为40.71%和51.33%;平均肿瘤体积较模型组显著减小,最大抑瘤率分别达50.06%和61.58%;T细胞和B细胞SI、NK细胞和CTL细胞杀伤活性较模型组显著升高。PEA、PED各剂量组正常肿瘤细胞减少,坏死面积增大,脂肪细胞增多。结果表明,PEA、PED可以提高H22肝癌小鼠的生存质量,延长生存期,抑制肿瘤生长,其机制与增强T细胞和B细胞转化能力,提高NK细胞和CTL细胞杀伤活性有关。     

鸡枞菌多糖抗环磷酰胺对小鼠免疫器官损伤的作用

通过观察鸡枞菌多糖(TAP)抗环磷酰胺对小鼠脾脏和胸腺组织损伤的影响,探讨TAP对免疫功能的调节作用。每天对小鼠腹腔注射不同剂量的TAP,连续7d,于给药第5天起同时每天注射环磷酰胺(CTX)制作免疫抑制模型,于第8天处死小鼠检测其脾脏和胸腺指数,并制作脾脏和胸腺组织切片,HE染色后观察组织结构变化。结果表明,TAP能显著提高免疫抑制小鼠的免疫器官指数,增加其脾脏和胸腺中淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞的数量,可保护其脾脏及胸腺组织结构的完整性,其中以高剂量TAP效果最好。TAP可减少CTX引起的小鼠脾脏和胸腺萎缩,提高免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能。     

鄂尔多斯高原碱湖钝顶螺旋藻多糖的免疫及抗肿瘤作用的研究

为了研究鄂尔多斯高原碱湖钝顶螺旋藻多糖的抗肿瘤作用和免疫作用,试验采用S180腹水瘤模型,观察鄂尔多斯高原碱湖钝顶螺旋藻多糖不同剂量组小鼠的生存时间、生存状况、肿瘤分布及瘤体外观,测定多糖对小鼠免疫器官指数的影响。结果表明:高、中、低3个剂量的钝顶螺旋藻多糖均能改善腹水瘤小鼠的生存状况,延长小鼠的生存时间,缩小肿瘤在体内的扩散范围;不同剂量组小鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数均高于荷瘤对照组,以中剂量组作用效果最为显著(P0.05),3个剂量组之间差异均不显著。说明鄂尔多斯高原碱湖钝顶螺旋藻多糖能够抑制肿瘤在小鼠体内的生长与扩散,改善肿瘤小鼠的生存质量,同时促进小鼠免疫器官的生长发育,从而增强免疫功能。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.