信鸽新城疫病毒的分离、鉴定及F基因的进化分析

2014~2016年,湖北、安徽、山东、河北、四川、陕西、天津等地的数家信鸽公棚疑似暴发鸽新城疫,导致大部分信鸽死亡或运动功能障碍,经济损失巨大。通过对病料利用鸡胚病毒分离法进行病毒分离,并结合血凝试验和血凝抑制试验,初步确定病料中均含有新城疫病毒。进一步通过RT-PCR方法对病毒的F基因进行扩增并测序和序列分析,发现分离毒株裂解位点均具有强毒的序列特点。F基因遗传进化分析显示,分离株基因型均为VIb型。研究结果与目前报道的导致信鸽新城疫的病原主要为VIb型一致。本研究将信鸽新城疫的有效防控提供了参考。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒秦皇岛株的分离鉴定

将秦皇岛某养鸡场疑似为传染性法氏囊病的病死鸡进行剖检,为了对该疑似病例进行确诊,并进行流行病学研究,经对流免疫电泳,对采集的病料进行病毒的分离,阳性法氏囊病料进行病毒RNA的提取,采用套式RT-PCR对病毒的VP2高变区进行扩增,分析氨基酸序列。结果表明,该分离株为传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV),被检毒株与GenBank报道的标准超强毒株OKYM、UK661、DV86同源性高达100%,与V3、V2亲缘关系较近。动物回归试验可使健康鸡100%发病,病死率80%。表该分离株为鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒株。     

禽传染性支气管炎病毒的分离和鉴定(Ⅰ)

应用1日龄雏鸡气管环组织培养(TROC)对12个具有呼吸症状的发病鸡群和14份送检病料进行了禽传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)的检测,共检出11个TROC阳性群和8份TROC阳性送检病料。用鸡胚接种和血凝试验(HA)诊断为IBV感染鸡群8个,IBV感染送检病料3份,即总共11个IBV临床分离毒株。这些毒株于鸡胚传至3—4代后皆出现侏儒胚变化,接种7日龄易感鸡雏引起典型的呼吸困难症状。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的分离与鉴定

为对某鸡场发生的呼吸道疫病进行确诊,并对致病原进行分离和鉴定,本研究进行了发病鸡场临床诊断、病毒分离、分离毒株血凝试验、分离毒株RT-PCR检测以及序列分析等系列试验。试验结果显示,该病的临床特征疑似鸡传染性支气管炎病毒感染,临床病料样品接种鸡胚后可引起鸡胚死亡以及"侏儒胚"等典型症状,分离毒株无血凝性,分离毒株经传染性支气管炎病毒特异性引物检测为阳性,且序列分析显示RT-PCR扩增产物为鸡传染性支气管炎病毒特异性核苷酸序列,表明引起鸡场此次疫病的致病原为鸡传染性支气管炎病毒。     

3株H9亚型禽流感病毒的分离与鉴定

为了获得H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)流行毒株并掌握流行毒株的分子特征和致病性,采用病毒分离、血凝性试验、鸡胚半数感染量(EID50)测定、HA基因序列分析、致病性试验、交叉保护性试验等对3份临床疑似H9亚型AIV感染病料进行了研究.结果:3份临床病料样品可引起10日龄SPF鸡胚规律性死亡,3株分离毒株对1％鸡红细胞的凝...     

禽腺病毒的分离鉴定及LMH细胞适应毒的生物学特性研究

为了对采集自北京平谷某养殖场发病鸡中出现心包积液综合征症状的病料进行病毒分离和鉴定,将病料接种LMH细胞进行病毒分离,并在LMH上连续传代,取C5和C15代细胞毒分别接种3周龄SPF鸡进行致病性试验。根据分离病毒在LMH上的CPE特征、病毒血清中和试验、Hexon基因序列比对分析、SPF鸡致病性回归试验,表明从发病鸡病料中分离的一株病毒为血清4型禽腺病毒;病毒在LMH细胞盲传3代后,就能很好地适应细胞培养,出现禽腺病毒典型的CPE;培养至第10代,病毒在接种后72 h,病毒含量即可达到107.4TCID50/0.1m L的峰值滴度;接种细胞毒的SPF鸡出现4型禽腺病毒导致的典型临床症状和特异性剖检病理变化,两组接种鸡的死亡率分别为100%和70%。结果表明,研究分离到的4型禽腺病毒毒株对SPF鸡具有高致死率,但病毒经过细胞连续传代后对鸡的致死率降低。     

超强马立克氏病病毒的鉴定及病毒Meq基因序列的比较

对1例感染超强马立克氏病病毒的病例进行确诊,对感染病毒的Meq基因进行比较分析。采用病理解剖、PCR检测、病毒分离、动物试验和Meq基因序列分析,对感染病毒进行研究。病理解剖结果为病死鸡的肝脏、脾脏、腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠表现为肿瘤病变。PCR检测结果为病死鸡的组织病料感染马立克氏病病毒。病毒分离和动物试验结果证明该感染病毒是1株马立克氏病超强毒株,该病毒可以引起免疫过CVI988疫苗的鸡发病。Meq基因序列分析表明该病毒与7株马立克氏病病毒参考毒株的同源性为98.8%~99.6%,该病毒在Meq的第115、119和176位氨基酸突变同国内流行株,该检测病毒在Meq的第217位氨基酸突变同超超强马立克氏病毒株。结果表明,通过病理解剖、PCR检测、基因序列分析、病毒分离和动物试验,确诊病鸡感染超强马立克氏病病毒。     

雏鸭病毒性肝炎的分离与初步鉴定

取北京郊区某鸭场的病鸭肝脏制备病料,通过9~11日龄SPF鸡胚尿囊腔接种,结果显示所分离的毒株能使鸡胚发育迟缓、胚爪发育畸形、肝脏变绿。分离病毒回2日龄健康雏鸭进行动物试验,能使雏鸭在2~3 d内100％发生死亡,其发病症状及剖检病理变化与自然发病的小鸭一致。分离毒株对氯仿不敏感。病毒接种于鸭胚成纤维细胞后没观察到明显的CPE。血清中和试验表明分离病毒能被I型DHV标准血清所中和,证明分离的野毒株血清型为I型DHV,且毒力很强。     

鸡新城疫病毒分离鉴定及鸡胚免疫的方法研究

为了研究本地NDV毒力情况以及建立鸡胚免疫的方法,通过在山西地区采集病料,对病料通过PCR鉴定后应用SPF鸡胚繁殖,而后对其毒力相关的F基因进行扩增和序列分析。对其进行生物学毒力测定,并进行了动物回归试验。测定病毒效价,并将其稀释至不同的效价水平,接种于SPF鸡胚,进行鸡胚免疫方法的研究。结果,成功分离到1株NDV。其与Clone30、La Sota等株的同源性较高,与VG/GA、Clone30和La Sota等毒株位于同一个分支,亲缘关系最近,属于Ⅱ型弱毒株病毒。生物学毒力测定结果 MDT、IVPI、ICPI分别为92.5、0.2、0,确定分离株为弱毒株。动物回归试验表明分离病毒具有致病性。鸡胚免疫方法研究结果表明接种的最佳病毒效价为22,无鸡胚死亡且孵出的雏鸡可检测到较高的抗体水平。说明可以用新城疫分离毒株来进行鸡胚免疫,有针对性的防控养殖场发生新城疫。     

鸡痘病毒河南株的分离与鉴定

从发病鸡病变组织采集病料,通过鸡胚接种和细胞培养分离病毒,经电镜观察、包涵体检查和理化特性检查证明分离病毒为鸡痘病毒,用分离毒株研制出鸡痘油乳剂灭活苗,配合鸡痘鹌鹑化弱毒苗使用,用于鸡痘的预防,经临床应用效果良好。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.