Brucella species lacking the major outer membrane protein Omp25 are attenuated in mice and protect against Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis

To aid in the development of novel efficacious vaccines against brucellosis, Omp25 was examined as a potential candidate. To determine the role of Omp25 in virulence, mutants were created with Brucella abortus (BA25), Brucella melitensis (BM25), and Brucella ovis (BO25) which contain disruptions in the omp25 gene (Deltaomp25 mutants). Western immunoblot analysis and PCR verified that the Omp25 protein was not expressed and that the omp25 gene was disrupted in each strain. BALB/c mice infected with B. abortus BA25 or B. melitensis BM25 showed a significant decrease in mean CFU/spleen at 18 and 4 weeks post-infection, respectively, when compared to the virulent parental strain (P<0.05, n=5). Mice infected with B. ovis BO25 had significantly lower mean CFU/spleen counts from 1 to 8 weeks post-infection, at which point the mutant was cleared from the spleens (P<0.01, n=5). Murine vaccination with either BM25 or the current caprine vaccine B. melitensis strain Rev. 1 resulted in more than a 2log(10) reduction in bacterial load following challenge with virulent B. melitensis (P<0.01, n=5). Vaccination of mice with the B. ovis mutant resulted in clearance of the challenge strain and provided 2.5log(10) greater protection against virulent B. ovis than vaccine strain Rev. 1. Based on these data, the B. melitensis and B. ovis Deltaomp25 mutants are interesting vaccine candidates that are currently under study in our laboratory for their safety and efficacy in small ruminants.     

布鲁菌Ⅳ型分泌系统效应蛋白DK63-887基因缺失株的构建及鉴定

为了构建羊布鲁菌16M(简称16M)的DK63-887基因缺失株(16MΔDK63-887),探讨该基因与16M介导自噬的关系。利用同源重组和抗性替换的方法,以卡那基因替换DK63-887基因,获得突变株16MΔDK63-887。将亲本株16M、疫苗株M5-90、突变株16MΔDK63-887在相同条件下振荡培养,观察其生长趋势变化;将各菌株置于不同外界环境中,观察其生存率;将各菌株侵染小鼠巨噬细胞,比较它们在宿主细胞内的生存能力及RT-qPCR检测自噬相关基因的表达。成功获得了布鲁菌DK63-887基因缺失株且在20代内未发生回复性突变现象。与亲本株相比,16MΔDK63-887在体外培养生长趋势与亲本株相似,只是细菌的浓度存在一定差异;突变株在外界应激条件下生存能力低于亲本株;侵染4h后缺失株胞内细菌数量明显下降;RT-qPCR检测到突变株的ULKI、Beclin1表达量均显著降低(P0.01),结果表明,布鲁菌Ⅳ型分泌系统效应蛋白与16M介导的细胞自噬密切相关,为16M胞内寄生机制的研究奠定了基础。     

The putative penicillin-binding proteins 1 and 2 are important for viability, growth and cell morphology of Brucella melitensis

The penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are enzymes that regulate the assembly of the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall. The genome of Brucella melitensis strain 16M possesses seven pbp genes: three in pbp-1 family (designated as 1A, 1B, and 1C); one in pbp-2 family; and three in pbp-6 family (designated as 6A, 6B, and 6C). We investigated the importance of pbp-1 and pbp-2 genes to viability, cell morphology and infectivity of B. melitensis. A recombinant B. melitensis strain (designated 16MDeltapbp1C) was generated by disrupting the pbp-1C of strain 16M by allelic exchange. This strain produced nearly 20% smaller colonies on trypticase soy agar plates, and grew slower in trypticase soy broth compared to the strain 16M. Electron microscopy revealed that strain 16M exhibited native cocco-bacillus morphology, while 16MDeltapbp1C possessed a spherical morphology. Strain 16MDeltapbp1C did not differ from strain 16M in terms of recovery from infected mouse macrophage cell line J774.1, or recovery from spleens of infected BALB/c mice, suggesting that pbp-1C is dispensable for intracellular persistence of B. melitensis. Expression of mRNA of fixR, the gene downstream of pbp-1C was similar between the strains 16M and 16MDeltapbp1C suggesting that disruption of pbp-1C did not induce any polar effects. Multiple attempts to mutate pbp-1A, pbp-1B, or pbp-2 genes failed, most probably because these genes are indispensable for viability of B. melitensis. Our findings suggest that pbp-1C regulates in vitro growth and cell morphology, whereas pbp-1A, pbp-1B, and pbp-2 are essential for viability of B. melitensis.     

稳定分泌抗羊种布鲁菌脂多糖单克隆抗体细胞株的筛选与应用

研制抗羊种布鲁菌脂多糖抗原的单克隆抗体,并应用其建立检测布病的双夹心ELISA方法。本研究采用热酚水法提纯羊种布鲁菌(16M菌株)的脂多糖抗原,并经SDS-PAGE鉴定。用脂多糖和灭活的羊种布鲁菌16M作为免疫抗原,交替免疫6～8周龄BALB/c雌鼠,第1次免疫用羊种布鲁菌标准菌16M全菌加等量弗氏完全佐剂;第2次免疫用脂多糖加等量弗氏不完全佐剂。将脂多糖作为包被抗原建立间接ELISA方法,筛选针对抗羊种布鲁菌(16M菌株)脂多糖的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株。筛选出3株能稳定分泌抗羊种布鲁菌脂多糖单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为5H3、6B8和3H7,细胞培养上清的ELISA效价在1∶1 000～1∶5 000,小鼠腹水单克隆抗体ELISA效价在1∶10 000～1∶160 000;抗体亚类鉴定表明:5H3、6B8属于IgM亚类,3H7属于IgG3亚类;特异性试验结果显示:3株杂交瘤细胞分泌的抗体不与大肠杆菌O157裂解抗原、鸡白痢沙门氏菌裂解抗原、鸭源鸡杆菌脂多糖抗原以及福氏志贺菌裂解抗原反应,仅与灭活的羊种布鲁菌(16M)发生反应。布鲁菌虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验检测结果显示,获得的单抗可与标准检测抗原形成明显的颗粒凝集物和伞状凝集物。利用所建立的单克隆抗体细胞株,建立了一种检测布鲁菌的双夹心间接ELISA方法,并进行了特异性和敏感性检测。对模拟样品和临床样品进行检测,准确性均很高。     

羊布鲁茵16MvjbR蛋白酵母双杂交诱饵表达载体的构建及其毒性和自激活效应检测

利用Sos招募系统（SRS）,通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增羊布鲁菌16MVjbR基因的编码序列,定向克隆到酵母表达载体pSos中,构建诱饵重组质粒pSos－VjbR,经测序正确后其将转入酵母菌cdc25H（α）感受态细胞,检测其表达产物对酵母细胞有无毒性作用及对报告基因有无自激活作用。结果表明,经序列测定证实重组诱饵质粒pSos－VjbR构建成功。重组质粒转化入酵母细胞后,经检测其表达产物对cdc25H（α）酵母细胞无毒性作用,对报告基因亦无自激活作用。这为利用SRS来研究与羊布鲁菌16MVjbR蛋白相互作用的蛋白奠定了基础。     

The 16MΔvjbR as an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate for differentiation between Brucella vaccination and infection

Brucellosis brings great economic burdens for developing countries. Live attenuated vaccines are the most efficient means for prevention and control of animal Brucellosis. However, the difficulties of differentiating of infection from vaccine immunization, which is essential for eradication programs, limit their applications. Therefore, the development of a vaccine that could differentiate infection from immunization will overcome the limitations and get extensive application. VjbR is a quorum sensing regulator involving in Brucella's intracellular survival. The vjbR∷Tn5 mutants have been proven effective against wild type strain challenge, implying its possibility of use in vaccine candidate development. To further evaluate this candidate gene, in the present study, the antigenicity of purified recombinant VjbR protein was analyzed. Antibodies to Brucella melitensis VjbR could be detected in sera from patients and animals with brucellosis but not in control ones, implying the potential use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. Then a vjbR mutant of B. melitensis 16M was constructed by replacing the vjbR with kanamycin gene. The mutant showed reduced survival in macrophage and mice. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with 16MΔvjbR conferred significant protective immunity against B. melitensis strain 16M challenges, being equivalent to which induced by the license vaccine Rev.1. The vjbR deletion mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon and interleukin-10. The most importance is that, the use of vjbR mutants as vaccines in association with diagnostic tests based on the VjbR antigen would allow the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 16MΔvjbR is an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate against B. melitensis and deserves further evaluation for vaccine development.     

Comparison between immune responses and resistance induced in BALB/c mice vaccinated with RB51 and Rev. 1 vaccines and challenged with Brucella melitensis bv. 3

BALB/c mice were immunized with live rough Brucella abortus RB51 or smooth Brucella melitensis Rev. 1 vaccines and challenged with a B. melitensis field strain. Protection was assessed by a variety of serological tests and recovery of vaccinal and challenge strains by culture. Mice vaccinated with RB51 gave negative results in the conventional serological tests prior to challenge, namely; standard tube agglutination test (SAT), Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPAT), and mercaptoethanol test (MET). Sero-conversion took place to a whole-cell bacterial buffered RB51 antigen after vaccination and persisted for 7 weeks post-vaccination. Mice challenged with B. melitensis were assessed for bacterial load and immune response for 12 weeks after challenge. Protection units were showed that Rev. 1 vaccine was superior to RB51 vaccine in protection of mice against B. melitensis. However, RB51 vaccine has the advantage that it would not elicit antibodies to standard serological tests based on the LPS O antigen. RB51 vaccine could therefore be used for control of B. melitensis infection and avoid confusion in the use of standard sero-diagnostic tests.     

IS711和omp2作为布氏杆菌种属及种株间分子鉴别诊断标记的研究

布氏杆菌为世界性具重要公共卫生意义的人兽共患疫病原，分6个种。建立种间及种株间安全敏感、经济有效的快速鉴别诊断方法对布病防制及分子流行病学研究具有重要意义。布氏杆菌IS711和omp2基因具有种属特异性，可用于布氏杆菌的PCR分子诊断。其中IS711为转座因子，在不同种布菌种存在插入位置的多态性，外膜蛋白OMP2编码基因则存在反向重复序列及种株间的多态性。为此，分别采用复式-PCR、PCR和限制性酶切片段长多态性（RFLP）分析，对分属于B．mclitcnsis、B．suis和B．abortus的不同种布氏杆菌的不同种株，M5、M16、S2、S6和S19进行分子鉴别诊断。结果显示，根据IS711基因特定PCR扩增片段长多态性，可进行布氏杆菌种间的快速鉴别；而omp2编码基因PCR扩增片段PsrⅠ、KpnⅠ、NcoⅠ和Eco47 Ⅲ等4种限制酶片段长多态性，则可成为布氏杆菌菌株间特异的分子鉴别诊断标记，甚至疫苗株M5和野毒株M16之间的分子诊断标记。     

OtpR regulated the growth, cell morphology of B. melitensis and tolerance to β-lactam agents

The intracellular pathogen, Brucella melitensis, possesses an operon with two components: otpR (BMEI0066), which encodes a response regulator, and BMEI0067, which encodes a putative cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit. Previous studies have shown that a polar mutation in the BMEI0066 gene significantly decreased virulence and stress tolerance in Brucella. In this study, we constructed non-polar mutant with deletion of otpR, as well as its complementary strain to further investigate the function of otpR. The ΔotpR mutant produced smaller colonies on TSA plates, and grew slower in tryptic soy broth compared to 16M or the otpR-complemented strain CotpR. Electron microscopy revealed that ΔotpR displayed an unusual, irregular deformation of the cell surface in contrast to the native coccobacillus shape of 16M. These results showed that OtpR played a key role in the maintenance of cell shape. To determine the effect of the otpR mutant on antibiotic susceptibility, compared the parent strain, the mutant was two- to eight-fold more susceptible to all the β-lactam antibiotics tested. Furthermore, comparative real-time qPCR of genes that related to penicillin binding proteins of cell wall synthesis and cell division showed that the otpR mutation resulted in reduced expression of pbp1C, pbp6B, pbp6C and ftsQ. Taken together, these data revealed that the OtpR activity is necessary for growth, and cell morphology and tolerance to β-lactam agents of B. melitensis.     

粗糙型布鲁菌M111菌壳的制备

将含有裂解酶基因重组温控裂解质粒pBBR1MCS：：PR-PL-E电转化至粗糙型布鲁菌M111中，构建重组布鲁菌M111（pBBRlMCS：：PR-PL-E）。重组菌株在28℃培养，42℃诱导表达裂解酶E，从而制备布鲁菌菌壳。绘制布鲁菌生长曲线及裂解曲线，计算裂解率并用透射电镜观察布鲁菌菌壳的形态。结果显示，成功制备了布鲁菌菌壳，温控裂解质粒pBBRIMCS：：PR-PL-E对布鲁菌的裂解率为100％。透射电镜观察可见细菌内容物部分流出，细菌表面出现不同程度的皱缩，细胞形态发生变化。结果表明，本试验成功制备了粗糙型布鲁菌菌壳，初步研究了其基本特性，为下-步开展布鲁菌菌壳疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

牛、羊布鲁菌多重PCR方法的建立与应用

根据布鲁菌属特异性基因BCSP31和布鲁菌种间特异性标志IS711插入序列,设计合成了3对引物,以牛种布鲁菌544A、104M和羊种布鲁菌16M基因组DNA为模板,通过优化反应条件,建立了可同时检测布鲁菌属、牛种布鲁菌和羊种布鲁菌的多重PCR方法。牛种布鲁菌可扩增出301和114 bp 2条带,羊种布鲁菌可扩增出301和253 bp 2条带,该方法对牛种布鲁菌544A和羊种布鲁菌16M混合DNA模板的最小检出量为100 pg,对大肠杆菌O157∶H7、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌等15种参照菌的核酸扩增结果均为阴性。应用该方法对吉林省某牛场的106份粪便进行检测,虎红平板凝集试验作对照,结果PCR检测9份为阳性,且全为牛种布鲁菌阳性,对应的虎红平板凝集试验也为阳性。结果表明,建立的多重PCR方法具有良好的敏感性和特异性,为布鲁菌病的鉴别诊断提供了一种分子检测工具。     

Enhanced efficacy of recombinant Brucella abortus RB51 vaccines against B. melitensis infection in mice

Brucella abortus strain RB51 is an attenuated rough strain, currently being used as the official live vaccine for bovine brucellosis in the USA and several other countries. In strain RB51, the wboA gene, encoding a glycosyltransferase required for the O-side chain synthesis, is disrupted by an IS711 element. Recently, we have demonstrated that strain RB51WboA, RB51 complemented with a functional wboA gene, remains rough but expresses low quantities of O-side chain in the cytoplasm. Mice vaccinated with strain RB51WboA develop greatly enhanced resistance against challenge with B. abortus virulent strain 2308. We have also demonstrated that overexpression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) in strain RB51 (RB51SOD) significantly increases its vaccine efficacy against strain 2308 challenge. In this study, we constructed a new recombinant strain, RB51SOD/WboA, that over expresses SOD with simultaneous expression of O-side chain in the cytoplasm. We tested the vaccine potential of strains RB51SOD, RB51WboA, RB51SOD/WboA against challenge with virulent Brucella melitensis 16M and B. abortus 2308 in mice. In comparison with strain RB51, strain RB51SOD induced better protection against strain 2308, but not strain 16M, challenge. Similar to strain RB51WboA, vaccination with strain RB51SOD/WboA resulted in complete protection of the mice from infection with strain 2308. When challenged with strain 16M, mice vaccinated with either strain RB51WboA or strain RB51SOD/WboA were significantly better protected than those vaccinated with strain RB51 or RB51SOD. These results suggest that strains RB51WboA and RB51SOD/WboA are good vaccine candidates for inducing enhanced protection against B. melitensis infection.     

Evaluation of a rough mutant of Brucella melitensis in pregnant goats

Brucella melitensis strain VTRM1, a rough derivative of B melitensis strain 16M, is able to colonise the lymph nodes of goats, does not induce abortion in pregnant goats when used at doses leading to abortions with virulent strain 16M, and does not induce anti-O chain antibodies. However, strain VTRM1 as a single dose vaccine induces only partial protection against both infection and abortion following challenge.     

Monoclonal antibodies to Brucella surface antigens associated with the smooth lipopolysaccharide complex

Hybridomas producing antibodies to determinants associated with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Brucella abortus and B melitensis were obtained by polyethylene glycol fusion of the SP2/0 myeloma cell line with B lymphocytes harvested from a Sprague-Dawley-derived rat previously immunized with whole B abortus strain 1119 organisms. Two clones, BRU38 and BRU28 , were selected for their ability to react with whole B abortus organisms and purified smooth-LPS ( f5p ). The BRU38 monoclonal antibodies were absorbed with live, rough strain 45/20 and smooth strains of B abortus and B melitensis organisms, whereas only smooth strains absorbed the antibody activity from BRU28 . Complete inhibition of the monoclonal's activity could be achieved with crude smooth-LPS, a purified f5p fraction, and a water-soluble acid degraded polysaccharide. Absorption of BRU38 and BRU28 with rough Brucella LPS, polysaccharide-B antigen, keto- deoxyoctanoic acid, or with several sugars and fatty acids known to be components of the Brucella LPS complex had no effect on the monoclonals. The data indicate that antigenic determinants are associated with the smooth LPS complex, probably with the O-side chain, and are expressed patchwise and in different quantities on several strains of B abortus and B melitensis. The B abortus rough strain 45/20 contains surface determinants which lead to the agglutination of smooth strain 1119 organisms. The potential use of monoclonals in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnostic purposes is discussed.     

布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗粘膜免疫及检测方法的研究

为研究布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗粘膜免疫及其检测方法,本实验采用粘膜点眼途径对健康母羊接种布鲁氏杆菌猪2号疫苗(S2)、牛19号疫苗(A19)和羊强毒株(M16),筛选布鲁氏杆菌病鉴别检测方法。将12月龄～14月龄母羊60只随机分为3组,以常规疫苗推荐剂量进行半量粘膜点眼接种。采集血液、淋巴、脏器进行布鲁氏菌病血清学检测和细菌学分离以及PCR检测。结果表明:布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗抗体水平持续6个月,其中血清学的试管凝集试验、半胱氨酸凝集试验与补体结合试验的阳性符合率达到100%。细菌分离期为6个月,乳腺、乳腺淋巴、髂淋巴分离率较高;而强毒株M16的抗体水平和细菌分离持续12个月以上。结果显示以常规血清学和细菌学检测方法在点眼免疫布鲁氏菌S2、A19苗6个月后可以进行野毒感染和疫苗免疫畜的鉴别诊断。     

Pathogenicity and protective activity in pregnant goats of a Brucella melitensis Deltaomp25 deletion mutant

The Brucella melitensis mutant BM 25, which lacks the major 25 kDa outer membrane protein Omp25, has previously been found to be attenuated in the murine brucellosis model. In the present study, the capacity of the Deltaomp25 mutant to colonise and cause abortions in the caprine host was evaluated. The vaccine potential of BM 25 was also investigated in goats. Inoculation of nine pregnant goats in late gestation with the B. melitensis mutant resulted in 0/9 abortions, while the virulent parental strain, B. melitensis 16M, induced 6/6 dams to abort (P<0.001, n=6). BM 25 also colonised fewer adults (P<0.05, n=6) and kids (P<0.01, n=6) than strain 16M. The Deltaomp25 mutant was found capable of transient in vivo colonisation of non-pregnant goats for two weeks post-infection. Owing to the ability of BM 25 to colonise both non-pregnant and pregnant adults without inducing abortions, a vaccine efficacy study was performed. Vaccination of goats prior to breeding with either BM 25 or the current caprine vaccine B. melitensis strain Rev. 1 resulted in 100 per cent protection against abortion following challenge in late gestation with virulent strain 16M (P<0.05, n=7). However, unlike strain Rev. 1, BM 25 does not appear to cause abortions in late gestation based on this study with a small number of animals. The B. melitensis Deltaomp25 mutant, BM 25, may be a safe and efficacious alternative to strain Rev. 1 when dealing with goat herds of mixed age and pregnancy status.     

Cloning and characterization of a Moraxella bovis cytotoxin gene

OBJECTIVE: To identify the Moraxella bovis cytotoxin gene. PROCEDURE: Hemolytic and nonhemolytic strains of M. bovis were compared by use of western blotting to identify proteins unique to hemolytic strains. Oligonucleotide primers, designed on the basis of amino acid sequences of 2 tryptic peptides derived from 1 such protein and conserved regions of the C and B genes from members of the repeats in the structural toxin (RTX) family of bacterial toxins, were used to amplify cytotoxin-specific genes from M. bovis genomic DNA. Recombinant proteins were expressed, and antisera against these proteins were produced in rabbits. RESULTS: Several proteins ranging in molecular mass from 55 to 75 kd were unique to the hemolytic strain. An open reading frame encoding a 927-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 98.8 kd was amplified from M. bovis genomic DNA. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded by this open reading frame was homologous to RTX toxins. Antisera against the recombinant carboxy terminus encoded by this open reading frame neutralized hemolytic and cytolytic activities of native M. bovis cytotoxin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A gene was identified in M bovis that encodes a protein with sequence homology to other RTX toxins. Results of cytotoxin neutralization assays support the hypothesis that M. bovis cytotoxin is encoded by this gene and belongs in the RTX family of bacterial exoproteins. Identification of this gene and expression of recombinant cytotoxin could facilitate the development of improved vaccines against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.     

Bacteriologic and histologic features in mice after intranasal inoculation of Brucella melitensis

OBJECTIVE: To characterize effects of intranasal inoculation of virulent Brucella melitensis strain 16M in mice. ANIMALS: Female Balb/c mice, 6 to 8 weeks old. PROCEDURE: Studies were designed to elucidate gross morphologic lesions, bacterial burden in target organs, and histologic changes in tissues following experimental intranasal inoculation of mice with B melitensis 16M, which could be used to characterize a model for testing vaccine efficacy. RESULTS: Measurable splenomegaly was evident at 3 and 7 weeks after inoculation. A demonstrable increase in splenic colony-forming units (CFU) from infected mice increased over time with increasing dose when comparing inocula of 10(3), 10(4), and 10(5) CFU. Recovery of brucellae from the lungs was possible early in infection with 10(1), 10(3), and 10(5) CFU, but only the group inoculated with 10(5) CFU consistently yielded quantifiable bacteria. At a dose of 10 CFU, few organisms were located in the spleen. Bacteria were recovered up to 140 days after inoculation in mice given 10(3) CFU. At an inoculum of 10(5) CFU, bacterial counts were highest early in infection. Histologic examination of tissues revealed an increase in white pulp and marginal zone in the spleen and lymphohistiocytic hepatitis. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Changes in the spleen and liver increased with increases in dose and with increased time following intranasal inoculation with B melitensis 16M. Surprisingly, histologic changes were not observed in the lungs of inoculated mice.     

布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白16基因的克隆及原核表达

为了成功克隆外膜蛋白16(outer membrane proteins 16, Omp16)基因并对其进行原核表达,试验根据GenBank中羊布鲁氏菌M5-90株外膜蛋白Omp16基因序列(登录号:JF918760.1)设计1对引物,从布鲁氏菌基因组中扩增出大小约为507 bp的目的基因片段,凝胶回收纯化目的片段,连接入pMD20-T质粒,转化E.coli DH5α并测序,测序正确后再亚克隆入pET-28a(+)表达载体,构建重组质粒pET-Omp16,转化入E.coli BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导其表达,最后用Western blotting分析方法鉴定诱导得到的蛋白。结果表明,成功构建了pET-Omp16原核表达载体,并在E.coli BL21中表达了Omp16基因,诱导得到的蛋白经鉴定与目的蛋白大小一致,证明成功表达了目的基因。     

The first detection of brucella canis in cattle in the Republic of Korea

Twenty mammary lymph node samples were collected from cattle on a farm in the Republic of Korea. These cattle were serologically negative for Brucella by tube agglutination test (≤ 1:50) and serum agglutination test (≤ 1:50). Out of 20 lymph node samples, two samples were positive for Brucella growth on Brucella agar as well as blood agar. Tests for urease, hydrogen sulphide and reactions against monospecific sera A and M indicated that these two isolates (No. 15 and 16) belong to the genus Brucella. Genus specific, AMOS (abortus, melitensis, ovis, suis) and Bruce-ladder multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays confirmed the Brucella isolates as either a B. abortus or a B. canis strain. This is the first report of the occurrence of a B. canis infection in cattle in Korea. More survey data are needed to determine whether B. canis is a significant aetiology in the cases of cattle brucellosis in Korea.