Analysis of Lamina Emergent Slider Mechanisms Based on Series Triple—LET

设计了一种基于串联式的Triple-LET新型柔性铰链,给出了该铰链的三维结构,并对其进行了弯曲等效刚度的理论分析,推导了该结构形式铰链的弯曲等效刚度计算公式并给出了修正系数。基于修正的弯曲等效刚度理论计算公式,对设计实例进行了分析计算,同时建立了该设计实例的有限元仿真模型,通过理论计算结果和仿真分析结果的比较,验证了该铰链设计的可行性。将该新型铰链应用于LEMs柔顺滑块机构的设计中,建立了该机构的基于修正弯曲等效刚度的伪刚体模型,并加工了该串联式Triple-LET铰链的滑块机构铍青铜实物模型,理论计算和实测结果基本一致,验证了理论模型的正确性和机构设计的可行性,同时也表明该滑块机构在工作状态具有较大变形,能保持较好的稳定性。     

Identification of Flow Pattern of Microchannel Nanofluid Gas—Liquid Two-phase Flow Based on K-means Clustering

为快速识别流型的类型,提出微细通道纳米流体气液两相流流型K-means聚类识别的方法,该方法采用高速摄像机获取微细通道内气液两相流的流型图像,利用灰度流型图像的直方图获得峰值并且该峰值作为K-means聚类的初始中心点,结合不变矩原理和欧氏距离进行相似度流型图像的识别。由查准率-查全率评估体系和5 500幅流型图像识别实验的执行耗时分析结果表明:采用K-means聚类对微细通道纳米流体气液两相流流型进行识别的整体识别率达到97.8%,其中弹状和泡状识别率为100%。该方法为微细通道纳米流体两相流的在线识别流型提供了一种新途径。     

Comparison of Different Calibration Methods on Angstrom—Presscott Model for Missing Data Interpolation

在长期连续观测中,总辐射(Rs)的观测数据通常有不同程度的缺失。基于日照时数的ngstrm-Presscott(AP)模型是一种广泛应用且精度较高的总辐射估算经验模型。选取A-P模型3种不同参数率定方法 (M1:每年率定,M2:分月率定,M3:多年率定),基于6个辐射站的辐射资料,对年平均Rs、年平均ET0、参数取值和插补精度进行了比较。t检验结果表明,3种方法下A-P模型在昌都站数据插补无明显差异,Rs年际变化大是造成该站Rs模拟不准的主要原因。在宜昌和南宁站,M1方法进行数据插补精度高于其他方法,M1方法 Rs缺失天数分别为40 d和70 d时,两站计算的参考作物蒸发蒸腾量(ET0)与实测Rs计算的ET0相比,t检验无明显差异。M2与M3相比精度稍高,但在昆明、赣州、杭州和南宁站冬季精度更高且6—8月份精度更低。与1990年以前相比,各站点A-P模型参数a在1990年以后有明显上升,工业污染导致气溶胶增加是原因之一。A-P模型在极端年份率定精度不高,在极端炎热气候年份,应用该模型用于灌溉预报时会低估作物耗水量,可能会给决策带来风险。该研究结果可用于A-P模型的风险评估和提高总辐射时间序列数据缺失情况下的插补精度。     

Evaluation Method of Agricultural Machinery Professional Chassis’ Cases Based on Multiple Attributes Decision

针对农机专业底盘参数属性多、参数类型差异大、属性不能无条件补偿等特点,传统实例推理中以属性加权评价为主的最近邻算法已不能满足实际需求。基于此,提出将级别高于关系的ELECTRE多属性决策方法应用到农机专业底盘的实例推理中,算法首先对农机底盘实例数据进行预处理,然后采用层次分析法确定属性权重,通过不断试验调整各属性不和谐性阈值后进行级别高于关系构造、挖掘,最终实现目标实例与数据库中实例的相似性评价,并以履带式稻麦收获机底盘实例进行验证。与经典的最近邻评价方法相比,算法除能返回总体相似度较高的模型之外,同时返回影响实例排序的关键参数,让用户拥有更多后续评价依据,总体效果较好。     

Identification of Red Bean Variety with Probabilistic GA—PNN Based on Hyperspectral Imaging

提出一种基于高光谱图像技术的红豆品种鉴别方法。利用高光谱成像系统采集江苏、安徽、山东的3个品种共162个红豆样本高光谱图像数据,通过ENVI软件提取出红豆中感兴趣区域的平均光谱作为该样本原始光谱信息,利用SG多项式平滑对原始光谱数据进行去噪处理,由于高光谱数据信息量大,冗余性强,故需对高光谱数据进行降维,采用了连续投影算法进行特征波长选择,根据交叉验证均方根误差确定最佳特征光谱的个数为9,采用主成分分析法和独立分量分析算法进行特征波长提取,经过PCA处理,根据方差累计贡献率大于85%的标准选出7个特征波长,ICA分别提取了7、10、17个特征波长,通过测试集验证,选出17个最佳特征波长。最后分别将优选出的特征波长和提取出的最优主成分作为模型的输入。建立概率神经网络(PNN)模型测试后发现结果没有达到预期精度,引入遗传算法(GA)优化的PNN神经网络的阈值,并对隐含层节点进行最优选择。通过测试试验,所有的模型识别正确率均高于85%,其中SPA-GA-PNN模型的效果最佳,识别正确率达到了97.5%。     

Fine Segment Method of Cows’Body Parts in Depth Images Based on Machine Learning

奶牛目标各区域的精细分割和识别能够提供精确的奶牛形体细节信息,是奶牛体形评价、姿态检测、行为分析和理解的前提和基础。为实现深度图像中奶牛头、颈、躯干和四肢等身体区域的精确分割,提出一种基于深度图像特征和机器学习的奶牛目标各区域精细分割方法。该方法以每个像素点在不同采样半径下的带阈值LBP序列为深度特征值,设置分类约束条件,用决策树森林机器学习方法实现奶牛各区域的精细分类。对10头奶牛的288幅侧视深度图像进行试验,结果表明,当采样半径分段数为30,决策树训练至20层时,奶牛整体各像素点的平均识别率为95.15%,较传统深度图像特征值有更强的细节信息提取能力,可以用较少参数实现对复杂结构的精确识别。     

Numerical Investigation of Gas—Liquid Two-phase Flow in Centrifugal Pumps Based on Inhomogeneous Model

为研究离心泵气液混输状态下的内部流动特性,基于Eulerian-Eulerian非均相流模型以空气和水作为工作介质,在不同进口含气率工况下对离心泵内流场进行定常和非定常数值计算,相间阻力作用采用Schiller Nauman模型,得到叶轮内气相分布情况以及气液两相的速度流线图,探求气液两相在泵内的流动规律。计算结果表明:在叶片进口边压力面气相浓度较高处,会产生漩涡,说明叶轮流道内漩涡的产生与气体的聚集有很大的关系;增大进口含气率到10%时,叶轮流道内靠近吸力面处已经出现比较明显的相态分离现象,气相有沿着叶片吸力面向叶轮出口运动的趋势;气相在叶轮流道内会沿流道中部向前后盖板运动,随着含气率增大,靠近前后盖板侧的气相浓度逐渐增大,靠近叶轮出口边前盖板侧的气相浓度增加较后盖板更明显,最终气体可能会堵塞流道;在一个旋转周期内,叶轮出口压力呈周期性变化,进口含气率从1%增至10%,叶轮出口压力逐渐降低,监测点在不同含气率下压力脉动主频在叶片通过频率附近,进口含气率不超过10%时对监测点压力脉动的主频及次主频影响不大;通过对比试验结果和数值计算结果,证明所采用的计算模型和方法基本可靠。     

Prediction of Numerical Control Machine’s Motion Precision Based on Multivariate Chaotic Time Series

为了解决有限长度且含有噪声时的单元精度时间序列相空间重构中的信息丢失问题,提出了基于多元混沌时间序列的数控机床运动精度预测方法。首先,引入多元相空间技术,将多个精度特征量时间序列映射到高维相空间,建立多元精度状态空间。然后采用主成分分析法,对高维相空间实现降维,去除冗余。最后,构建一种小波神经网络模型,将重构信息输入到预测模型中训练,实现对数控机床运动精度的预测。实验表明,该方法能够很好地分析数控机床运动精度变化规律,比单元混沌时间序列方法有更好的预测效果,且适应性和实用性更强。     

Evaluation Model of Irrigation Water Use Efficiency Based on Game Theory and GRA—TOPSIS

在构建区域灌溉用水效率综合评价指标体系的基础上,运用博弈论(Game theory,GT)思想将层次分析法(Analytic hierarchy process,AHP)所得主观权重与改进熵值法(Improved entropy value method,IEVM)所得客观权重进行综合集成以获取组合权值,并将灰色关联分析(Gray relation analysis,GRA)与逼近理想解排序(Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)相结合,以三江平原10个大型灌区为例进行验证,对区域灌溉用水效率作综合评价。采用Spearman等级相关系数检验灌溉水有效利用系数排序与GRA-TOPSIS法排序,得到的相关系数高达0.863,且GRA-TOPSIS法、GRA法、TOPSIS法对同一灌区综合排序的位次相差均不超过2,表明评价结果具有合理性和一致性;GRA-TOPSIS法所得综合值的极差为0.343,变异系数为0.267,均高于单独使用GRA法或TOPSIS法的极差与变异系数,更有利于对灌区灌溉用水效率进行辨识分区。此外,根据目标层与准则层排序差异度将灌区分为3类,辨识各灌区灌溉用水效率主控因子,对区域灌溉用水效率发展策略的制定具有参考价值。     

Influence of boundary plantation of poplar (Populus deltoides M.) on soil–water use and water use efficiency of wheat

Study was undertaken to assess the water use, moisture extraction and water use efficiency (WUE) of irrigated wheat, when grown in association with boundary plantation of poplar, at different distances (0–3, 3–6, 6–9, 9–12, 12–15 and >15 m (control)) from poplar (Populus deltoides M.) tree line. Presence of 3-year old poplar plantation at the boundary of wheat field caused 7.5% higher water use than control (plots having no effect of tree line) up to 3 m distance from tree line which further intensified up to 12.7% and extended up to 6 m distance with 4-year old plantation. Similarly, maximum moisture extraction, both laterally and vertically, observed near the tree line. Contrary to this, WUE of wheat was reduced by 4.6% between 0 and 3 m distance from tree line with 3-year old plantation, decline intensified further to 18.6% with 4-year old plantation. However, wheat was benefited by boundary plantation of trees between 3 and 9 m distance from the base of the tree line which resulted in increased WUE of the wheat crop up to 9%.     

Forward Kinematics Optimization of 3—RPS Parallel Manipulator Based on Global-best Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

提出了一种求解3—RPS并联机构正解优化的快速数值解算法,采用数值优化方式将正解转换为最小化问题。针对3—RPS并联机构位姿正解优化,采用数值法建立该并联运动平台正解方程,其实质为带约束的多目标非线性方程组。建立判定方程实现方程组单目标优化,采用引导人工蜂群算法进行最小值优化求解。该算法既利用了基本人工蜂群算法中邻近蜜蜂交换蜜源信息的方式,又采用全局最优蜜蜂引导所有蜜蜂往更优蜜源处移动,更快速地搜索到最优蜜源位置。通过求解3—RPS正解数值解优化仿真算例分析,对比改进蚁群算法和基本人工蜂群算法,结果表明引导人工蜂群算法是高精度高速求解并联运动平台正解优化的一种有效方法。     

Parameter Optimization of Black Tea Fermentation Machine Based on RSM and BP—AdaBoost—GA

为明确自行设计的滚筒式红茶发酵机性能参数,以无量纲化的综合评分为发酵品质评价指标,采用响应面法和基于改进型神经网络的遗传算法(BP-AdaBoost-GA)对影响发酵品质的3个因素(发酵温度、发酵时间、翻拌间隔)进行优化,并对2种方法的优化效果进行比较。结果表明,各因素对发酵品质的影响重要性顺序为:发酵温度、翻拌间隔、发酵时间;采用响应面法优化,当发酵温度、发酵时间、翻拌间隔分别为25℃、150 min、20 min时,综合评分预测值和实际值分别为0.863和0.856,相对误差为0.8%;而采用BP-AdaBoost-GA优化,当发酵温度、发酵时间、翻拌间隔分别为27℃、170 min、25 min时,预测值和实际值分别为0.871和0.868,相对误差为0.3%;BPAdaBoost预测模型的决定系数和相对分析误差分别为0.994和18.456,高于响应面法的0.988和9.577,且预测均方根误差较低,为0.017。在红茶发酵工艺的参数优化中,采用BP-AdaBoost-GA方法能比响应面法更好地拟合模型,以及在全局变量范围内推导最优发酵条件。     

1989年度水利部科学技术进步奖获奖成果题目汇编(续)

<正> (四)四等奖1.WDT—G型PID微机电液调速器 (吴应文、涂健和王永骥等)2.KD型大流量系列孔口滴头的研制 (张祖新、岳荣贵和王万欣等)3.巧溪水库灌区节水灌溉综合技术应用研究 (刘泰湖、王志浩和王盛庆等)     

Comparative Analysis of Comprehensive Water Quality Identification Index Method Based on Different Weighting Method北大核心CSCD

【Objective】In order to analyze the water quality distribution characteristics of each water quality monitoring section of Qingshui River in Ningxia, provide a basis for water quality assessment, based on three water quality section monitoring data on Qingshui River in Ningxia from 2014 to 2016. 【Method】Using the method of Principal Component Analysis to select the evaluate data and choose representative water quality indicators to issue Comprehensive Water Quality Identification Index evaluation and combined with 3 weighting methods to do further comparative analysis.【Result】The comprehensive water quality identification index show that the Ershilipu section water quality evaluation results for class II water and remained stable. The Sanying section evaluation results meet the class III water in 2014 and 2015 years, the evaluation results meet class IV water in 2016, It shows that the water quality of this section has a trend of decrease. The Quanyanshan section evaluation results for the class II water and reduced year by year, the water quality has become the trend of further good. 【Conclusion】The three section water quality evaluation using different weighting methods reached the water function zoning requirements, there were some defects in the Standard Multiple Method and the Entropy Weight Method, and the Variation Coefficient Method was more suitable than the other two weighting methods. © 2019 Office of Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.     

1989年(第20卷)1至4期总目次

期数轮式拖拉机座位悬架系统动态参数的优化设计··················……马伟赵性黄礼彬利用模态技术及多自由度振动模型分析上海一50变速箱的动态响应······……葛屯宫镇轮胎动刚度特性的初步探讨·,······4································……彭超英喻谷源余群双风道贯流风机的试验研究·······“···~···……王成芝刘简周天培陶南施德芝径向进气风机流场的试验研究·······································……师清…     

Use of a covariance variogram to investigate influence of subsurface drainage on spatial variability of soil–water properties

Knowledge of the spatial variability of soil–water properties is of primary importance for management of agricultural lands. This study was conducted to examine which spatial structure measure, the semi-variogram or the covariance variogram, is appropriate for inference of the spatial structure and performing interpolation of soil–water properties from sample data sets. Using the appropriate spatial structure measure, the spatial variability of these properties (saturated hydraulic conductivity, water table depth, groundwater salinity, and soil salinity and sodicity) as affected by subsurface drainage is also evaluated. The soil–water properties were sampled before and after the installation of subsurface drainage on a regular square grid of 500 m at 61 locations within 1470 ha in the Nile Delta of Egypt. The results showed that the covariance variogram reveals the character of spatial structure and that it is more appropriate for interpolation than the semi-variogram. Subsurface drainage has highly affected the spatial variability of soil–water properties. On average, the spatial correlation range increased by approximately 29%, whereas the ratio of structural heterogeneity to the total variation (relative structured heterogeneity) was doubled 4 years after drainage installation. Moreover, the nugget effect increased and was present for all soil–water properties with noticeably high values. Uneven spatial distributions were also observed. Further study of long-term spatial variation of soil–water properties as affected by subsurface drainage is suggested.     

《排灌机械》1989年总目次(1—4期)

一渭﹃J 1.“J月.门丁日泥”........ 水泵技术 期水泵苏特坐标曲线非单一性的探讨·...·...························,·········……龚时宏1推导外混式自吸泵自吸性能的计算公式····································……陈茂庆1离心泵抽送固液混合物时的能量损失··················……〔西德〕K·Holxenbergl涡壳面积比原理讨论···············一妇······························1··~··…