果寡糖+甘露寡糖对仔猪生长性能的影响

在基础日粮中按不同配比同时添加2种不同寡聚糖,比较其对仔猪的生长性能、腹泻率的影响。结果表明:果寡糖+甘露寡糖能显著或极显著提高仔猪的日增重,明显降低仔猪的饲料转化率以及仔猪腹泻率。以添加0.3%果寡糖+0.15%甘露寡糖或0.45%果寡糖+0.10%甘露寡糖的效果最佳。     

甘露寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道微生物区系发育的影响

利用PCR-DGGE技术对肠道细菌16S rDNA的V6-V8可变区进行分析,研究肉仔鸡生长过程中肠道微生物区系的发育规律,并重点探讨日粮中添加甘露寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道茵群稳定性及多样性的影响.选择1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡192羽,随机分为2组,Ⅰ组为对照组(饲喂基础日粮),Ⅱ组为甘露寡糖(MOS)组(1～21 d:饲喂基础日粮+0.2%MOS;22～42 d:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%MOS),每组4个重复,每个重复24羽.结果表明:肉鸡肠道茵群以乳酸杆菌为主要优势茵群,并且随着日龄变化各消化道的优势菌群发生相应改变;盲肠内菌群的多样性在各日龄段的表现最为丰富,且越接近消化道远端,各日龄间菌群的相似性就越低;日粮中添加MOS增加了肠道中乳酸杆菌等有益菌的数量,并可抑制梭菌属等有害菌的生长,维持肠道健康;同时还发现空白组各日龄肌胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠中菌群相似性最高分别可达77%、68%、72%、49%和63%,MOS组相应的分别为76%、84%、72%、49%和63%,这说明日粮中添加MOS会对肉鸡肠道茵群产生影响,但日龄的变化仍是影响肠道微生物区系的主要因素.     

甘露寡糖替代抗生素对肉鸡生产性能的影响

[目的]寻找抗生素替代品,以减少抗生素所带来的危害。[方法]以1日龄艾维因肉鸡为研究对象,通过饲养试验,研究甘露寡糖替代抗生素对肉鸡成活率、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比等生产性能的影响。[结果]与对照组相比,甘露寡糖组中肉鸡成活率和平均日增重显著提高,且料重比显著降低。甘露寡糖组中肉鸡成活率和平均日增重比抗生素组分别提高1.03%和2.30%,而料重比则比抗生素组降低1.00%。甘露寡糖组中肉鸡平均日采食量比抗生素组和对照组分别提高1.37%和1.60%,但差异均不显著。[结论]在饲料中添加甘露寡糖能够替代抗生素药物,有提高肉鸡成活率和日增重、降低料重比的作用。     

β-甘露聚糖酶异源表达及甘露寡糖制备研究

以产β-甘露聚糖酶(MAN)的枯草芽孢杆菌HD145为目的菌株,PCR扩增MAN基因片段,克隆到p HBM905A载体并转化至毕赤酵母,重组子利用甲醇进行诱导。纯化的MAN酶解槐豆胶与瓜尔豆胶,质谱检测水解产物。SDS-PAGE结果表明,MAN基因实现了表达,摇瓶酶活性为3 200 U/m L,酶最适温度与pH分别为55℃与6.0,pH 4~7时稳定性较好,在40、50、60℃的半衰期分别为165、105、42 min,Zn~(2+)、Ag~+、Co~(2+)对酶活性存在一定的抑制。槐豆胶与瓜尔胶经MAN酶解后得到二糖至十糖的寡糖。     

甘露寡糖在肉鸡生产中的应用

甘露寡糖作为饲料添加剂可提高肉鸡免疫力,增强肉鸡体质,改善肉鸡生产性能。文章就甘露寡糖在肉鸡生产中的应用作以简述。     

甘露寡糖对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

[目的]探讨甘露寡糖对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响,为甘露寡糖相关产品的开发应用提供实验依据。[方法]通过环磷酰胺制造免疫功能低下小鼠模型,给予甘露寡糖11 d后观察小鼠体重、脾脏指数、胸腺指数、巨噬细胞吞噬功能、血清溶血素滴度和迟发型变态反应强度变化。[结果]甘露寡糖组体重、脾脏指数、胸腺指数、巨噬细胞吞噬率、吞噬指数、抗体积数和左右后足重量差均较模型组提高（P〈0.01）。[结论]适当剂量甘露寡糖可提高免疫低下小鼠免疫功能。     

果聚糖和甘露寡糖对幼貂生长性能的影响

为了探讨寡聚糖在毛皮动物饲料中替代抗生素的可能,随机选择体质量、性别、胎次相同的断乳幼貂80只,随机分为8组,每组10只。对照设为两组,一组饲喂基础日粮,另一组饲喂抗生素,抗生素组在基础日粮的基础上添加兽用土霉素,试验组在基础日粮上分别添加2.5、5.0和10 g/kg果聚糖和甘露寡糖。在2006-06-01-2006-07-20进行饲养试验和营养物质消化率的试验。结果表明,在饲料中添加2.5~5.0 g/kg的果聚糖和甘露寡糖能够提高水貂的采食量,提高各种营养物质的消化率和生长发育速度,效果显著(P0.05);从果聚糖和甘露寡糖提高水貂采食量、提高各种营养物质的消化率和水貂的生长发育速度方面看,果聚糖和甘露寡糖可以替代抗生素。     

甘露寡糖对鲤鱼生长性能和免疫功能的影响

［目的］为甘露寡糖在水产养殖中的应用提供理论依据。［方法］以甘露寡糖为饲料添加剂进行鲤鱼的对比饲喂试验,通过测定和比较对照组和试验组鲤鱼的生长性能和免疫功能指标,探讨甘露寡糖对鲤鱼生长及免疫功能的影响。［结果］对照组鲤鱼的饲料系数、相对增重率、白细胞吞噬率、吞噬指数、脾脏指数和血清溶血素活力分别为2.46、21.06%、26.00%±2.59%、1.65±0.15、0.33±0.02和（47.40±3.29） U,与之相比试验组鲤鱼的饲料系数、相对增重率、白细胞吞噬率、吞噬指数、脾脏指数和血清溶血素活力均显著提高,分别为1.52、34.03%、32.47%±3.72%、1.76±0.17、0.36±0.02和（51.53±3.31） U。试验组和对照组鲤鱼的血清杀菌百分率分别为27.85%±6.00%和22.46%±4.88%,差异显著。［结论］甘露寡糖可以提高鲤鱼的生长性能和非特异性免疫功能。     

甘露寡糖替代抗生素对蛋雏鸡肠道菌群的影响

为寻找抗生素替代品,减少抗生素所带来的危害。试验以7日龄海兰褐蛋雏鸡为研究对象,通过饲养试验和肠道菌群培养,研究甘露寡糖替代抗生素对蛋雏鸡肠道菌群数量的影响。结果表明,甘露寡糖组与对照组和抗生素组相比,蛋雏鸡盲肠和回肠内容物的双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量显著增加(P0.05),与对照组相比,肠道中的大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05)。     

甘露寡糖在水产动物生产中的应用

甘露寡糖作为饲料添加剂可提高水产动物免疫力,调节肠道微生态区系平衡和改善水产动物生产性能。文章就甘露寡糖在水产动物生产中的应用作一简述。     

姜黄素对肉鸡部分内脏器官和肠道生长发育的影响

目的：研究在基础日粮中添加不同剂量的姜黄素对肉鸡部分内脏器官和肠道生长发育的影响。方法：选择体重况相近的1日龄AA肉鸡240只随机分成4处理组（A、B、C、D）,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复组20只鸡。A为对照组饲喂基础日粮,B、C、D分别在基础日粮中添加姜黄素150mg/kg、200mg/kg、250mg/kg。结果：在21日龄时,以添加200mg/kg作用最为显著,与对照组相比,肌胃的平均质量提高26.3%（P＜0.05）,十二指肠的平均质量提高18.8%（P＜0.05）,空肠的平均质量提高26.3%（P＜0.05）,与对照组相比回肠、十二指肠的平均质量呈提高趋势,当剂量达到250mg/kg时起相反作用。空肠的平均长度也明显提高,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）,而回肠的平均长度对照组都低于试验组;在42日龄时,姜黄素对部分内脏器官和肠道的平均质量起下降作用,影响无规律性,而对十二指肠、空肠、回肠的平均长度也起降低的作用,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）。结论：姜黄素作为添加剂在肉鸡生长的前期可以有效促进肉鸡消化器官的生长发育。     

活性干酵母对鹌鹑小肠发育、肠道菌群及血清中胆固醇质量浓度的影响

研究日粮中添加活性干酵母对鹌鹑小肠发育,肠道菌群及血清中胆固醇质量浓度的影响。选用1日龄鹌鹑180羽,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每重复15羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.6、1、2 g/kg的活性干酵母。结果显示,活性干酵母对鹌鹑小肠发育影响不大(P>0.05),随活性干酵母添加量的增加,小肠中大肠杆菌数显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸菌数量显著增加(P<0.05)。日粮中添加1和2 g/kg活性干酵母可显著降低血清中胆固醇质量浓度(P<0.05)。由此得出,饲料中添加活性干酵母可减少鹌鹑肠道内大肠杆菌数量,增加乳酸菌数量,同时可降低血清胆固醇质量浓度。     

黄霉素对小鼠免疫器官的影响

把小鼠随机分为3组,对照组不作处理,试验A和B组分别在小鼠饲料中按20和80 mg/kg的剂量添加黄霉素,试验期30 d,探讨黄霉素对小鼠免疫器官的作用。试验结束后测定小鼠胸腺指数、脾指数,观察胸腺、脾的组织结构,结果表明,两试验组与对照组相比均无明显的差异,因此认为黄霉素对小鼠免疫器官没有影响。     

二化螟越冬幼虫内部器官研究

选择越冬二化螟幼虫进行生理解剖,着重研究它的内部器官的位置和构造,观测消化系统、中枢神经系统、呼吸系统、脂肪体及生殖系统的基本构造和功能。     

Effect of Copper Toxicity on Lymphoid Organs in Ducklings

210 one-day-old Tianfu meat ducklings ware divided into three groups,and fed on diets as follows: (1) control (Cu 12.16 mg kg-1),(2) copper toxic Ⅰ (Cu 850 mg kg-1) and (3)copper toxic Ⅱ( Cu 1 050 mg kg-1) for studies on effects of copper toxicity on lymphoid organs in duckling with the methods of experimental pathology and flow cytometry (FCM).The weight and growth index of the thymus,spleen and bursa of Fabricius were markedly reduced (P＜ 0.05 or P＜ 0.01) in both copper toxic group Ⅰ and Cu toxic group Ⅱ when compared with control group.The G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle of the thymus,spleen and bursa of Fabricius was much higher,and S,G2+M phases lower in Cu toxic groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ than in the control group.There were lymphocyte degeneration and depletion of lymphoid organs,and the reticular cells of spleen and bursa of Fabricius proliferated and the reticular cells of thymus were also degenerate and necrotic in Cu toxic groups.The results demonstrated that Cu toxicity seriously impaired the progression of lymphocytes from the G0/G1 phase to S phase,inhibited the development of lymphoid organs and caused marked pathological injury in lymphoid organs.The results also showed that the effect of Cu toxicity on the primary lymphoid organs occurred stronger than on the secondary lymphoid organs.The effect of Cu toxicity was the greatest on the bursa of Fabricius,followed hy the thymus,and then the spleen.Potential mechanisms underlying aforementioned observation were also discussed.key words: Copper toxicity,Lesion,Cell cycle,Lymphoid organ,Duckling     

Effect of Zinc Toxicity on Lymphoid Organs in Chickens

The experiment was conducted with the objective of studies on effects of zinc toxicity on lymphoid organs by the methods of experimental pathology and flow cytometry (FCM). 200one-day-old Avian broilers were divided into four groups randomly, and fed on diets as follows: controls (Zn 100mg kg-1)and zinc toxic (Zn 1 500mg kg-1, zinc toxic group Ⅰ; Zn 2 000 mg kg-1, zinc toxic group Ⅱ; Zn 2 500 mg kg-1, zinc toxic group Ⅲ) for seven weeks. The weight and growth index of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were reduced in both zinc toxic group Ⅱ and zinc toxic group Ⅲ when compared with those of control group. The G0/G1 phase of the cell cycles of the lymphoid organs was higher, and S, G2+M phases lower in zinc toxic groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in control group. Lymphocytes were depleted and degenerate in the lymphoid organs. The reticular cells of the bursa of Fabricius proliferated and the reticular cells of the thymus were also degenerate and necrotic,particularly in zinc toxic groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The results demonstrated that more than 1 500 mg kg-1 impaired the progression of lymphocytes from the G0/G1 phase to S phase obviously, inhibited the development of lymphoid organs and caused marked pathological changes in the lymphoid organs. Potential mechanisms underlying these observations are also discussed.     

Effect of Copper Toxicity on Lymphoid Organs in Broilers

The experiment was conducted to examine the effect of copper toxicity on lymphoid organs by experimental pathology and flow cytometry (FCM). 180 one-day-old Avian broilers were divided into three groups, and fed diets as follows: 1) Control(Cu 11.97 mg kg-1 diet), 2) Cu- toxic group Ⅰ (Cu 650 mg kg-1) and 3) Cu- toxic group Ⅱ (Cu 850 mg kg-1) for six weeks.Compared with the control, the growth index of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were markedly reduced (P＜0.05or P＜0.01), the G0/G1 phase of cell cycles of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius was higher (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), while the S phase and proliferating index were lower (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)in both Cu-toxic group Ⅰ and Cu-toxic group Ⅱ. The results demonstrated that Cu toxicity seriously impaired the progression of lymphocytes from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase, inhibited the growth and development of lymphoid organs.     

连香树营养器官的解剖学研究

研究表明，连香树叶为异面叶，气孔仅分布于下表皮，栅栏组织发达，茎的次生木质部为散孔材，导管端壁倾斜，具梯状复穿孔，木薄壁细胞甚少，表明连香树在进化中是较原始的树种、老根的次生皮层和射线薄壁细胞都分布有较多的颗粒物质。     

细叶石斛营养器官的解剖学研究

细叶石斛的叶为等面叶,气孔四列型,仅分布于下表皮。茎中外韧有限维管束4 0条,散生于基本组织中。根被由8～9层细胞组成,细胞壁网状加厚,辐射维管束十原型,无髓;外皮层、内皮层和中柱鞘均为1层细胞,都具有薄壁的通道细胞