维生素ADE注射液的无菌检查方法研究

依据《中国兽药典(一部)》2015年版"无菌检查法",通过培养基灵敏度检查、方法适用性试验和无菌检查等方法,对新兽药维生素ADE注射液进行了无菌检查方法研究。结果显示:采用薄膜过滤法,先用无菌IPM 100 mL冲洗,再用含0.1%吐温-80的0.1%蛋白胨灭菌溶液冲洗2次(每次100 mL),可消除样品中苯甲醇对各试验菌株的影响。无菌检查结果显示:样品和阴性对照未见菌生长,阳性对照菌生长良好。该方法可用于维生素ADE注射液的无菌检查,能够保证结果准确可靠。     

加米霉素注射液无菌检查方法的试验

本文建立了加米霉素注射液的无菌检查方法。采用薄膜过滤法,根据《中国兽药典》2015年版一部附录要求进行试验,以0.1%无菌蛋白胨的0.1%聚山梨酯80溶液冲洗,冲洗量为500 mL/膜,验证试验结果显示,各验证菌生长良好,各供试品管均未见细菌生长。本试验成功建立了可靠、准确、可用于加米霉素注射液的无菌检查法。     

阿莫西林、硫酸黏菌素混悬注射液无菌检查方法研究

目的建立阿莫西林、硫酸黏菌素混悬注射液的无菌检查方法。方法按《中国兽药典》2005年版一部附录进行试验。结果采用薄膜过滤法,每管培养基中加入不少于100万单位的青霉素酶,以1%聚山梨酯80的0.1%蛋白胨水溶液冲洗液,选择冲洗量为300mL,可消除样品对各菌株的抗菌活性。结论阿莫西林、硫酸黏菌素混悬注射液可用该方法进行无菌检查。     

盐酸莫西沙星氯化钠注射液无菌检查方法的建立

盐酸莫西沙星是广谱和具有抗菌活性的8-甲氧基氟喹诺酮类抗菌药。本实验对盐酸莫西沙星氯化钠注射液无菌检查方法进行验证。方法:采用0.1mol/L的硫酸锰溶液为中和剂,薄膜过滤法以400ml/筒缓冲液冲洗量检查,结果:盐酸莫西沙星氯化钠注射液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌的抑菌活性已完全消除。     

维生素C注射液无菌检查方法验证试验

按照《中国兽药典》二0—0年版一部附录中“无菌检查法”要求,采用薄膜过滤法和有关处理方法对兽用维生素C注射液的无菌检查方法进行了验证。试验结果表明．试验方法完全可以用于兽用维生素C注射液无菌检查。     

地佐辛注射液无菌检查方法的研究

[目的]探讨地佐辛注射液的无菌检查方法的可行性。[方法]按照《中国药典》2010年版的薄膜过滤法对地佐辛注射液进行无菌检查。[结果]供试管菌株生长良好。[结论]地佐辛注射液在该检测条件下无抑茵作用。     

注射用头孢曲松钠无菌检查方法验证试验

头孢曲松钠属第三代头孢菌素,具广谱抗菌作用.本实验对注射用头孢曲松钠无菌检查方法进行验证验证。方法:采用薄膜过滤法以500ml/筒缓冲液冲洗量检查,结果:头孢曲松钠对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌的抑菌活性已完全消除。     

诺氟沙星胶囊微生物限度检查方法

诺氟沙星为广谱抗菌药,对大肠杆菌作用较强,在用常规法、培养基稀释法及薄膜过滤法(用pH7.0氯化钠、蛋白胨缓冲液冲洗),二次薄膜过滤法对诺氟沙星胶囊进行微生物限度检查,结果均不能达到药典要求。因此本文选择用薄膜过滤法联用具有增溶作用的亲水性表面活性剂吐温80、pH7.0氯化钠、蛋白胨缓冲溶液做冲洗剂检查该药品的细菌和控制菌。     

泰地罗新原料药微生物限度检查验证

根据《中华人民共和国兽药典》2015年版一部附录1105非无菌产品微生物限度检查的要求,采用薄膜过滤法(每筒冲洗量300mL)进行需氧菌、霉菌和酵母菌总数检测,对泰地罗新原料药各试验菌进行回收试验测试及其检查方法验证。结果表明,胰酪大豆胨液体培养基适用于需氧菌检测,沙氏葡萄糖琼脂培养基适用于霉菌、酵母菌检测;验证试验中需氧菌、霉菌和酵母菌的回收比值均符合《中华人民共和国兽药典》2015年版规定。结论:可以采用薄膜过滤法对泰地罗新原料药进行微生物限度检查。     

盐酸头孢噻呋乳房注入剂无菌检查方法的建立

为建立盐酸头孢噻呋乳房注入剂的无菌检查方法,本试验按照《中华人民共和国兽药典》2015年版一部附录1101无菌检查法中方法适用性试验的有关要求,对取样量、稀释液种类、冲洗方式、加酶量等进行了考察。取供试品置于无菌分液漏斗中,加300 mL无菌十四烷酸异丙酯,摇匀,再加200 mL含1%聚山梨酯80的0.1%无菌蛋白胨溶液,充分振摇,静置,取水层,按照薄膜过滤法处理,用pH 7.0无菌氯化钠－蛋白胨缓冲液为冲洗液,每张滤膜每次冲洗量为100 mL,冲洗4次,每管培养基中加入600万单位的青霉素酶溶液。结果显示,方法适用性试验中,供试品6种阳性菌试验组与阳性菌对照组相比均生长良好,供试品组、阴性对照组均无菌生长,说明供试品的检验量在该检验条件下已消除其抑菌作用。盐酸头孢噻呋具有较强的抑菌活性,本试验采用薄膜过滤法,建立了合理的无菌检查方法,能有效去除盐酸头孢噻呋乳房注入剂中的抑菌成分,使检验结果更准确、可靠,可作为该制剂的常规无菌检查方法。     

盐酸头孢噻呋无菌检查方法的建立

为建立盐酸头孢噻呋无菌原料的无菌检查方法，本试验按照方法适用性试验的有关要求，对前处理、冲洗总量等进行了考察。取供试品500mg，加10mL2.6%无菌碳酸钠溶液使溶解，再转移至490mL0.85%无菌氯化钠溶液中，作为供试液按照薄膜过滤法处理，用pH7.0无菌氯化钠-蛋白胨缓冲液为冲洗液，每张滤膜每次冲洗量为100mL，冲洗5次。结果显示，方法适用性试验中，供试品6种阳性菌试验组与阳性菌对照组相比均生长良好，供试品组、阴性对照组均无菌生长，说明供试品在该条件下已消除其抑菌作用，方法合理，结果准确、可靠，可作常规无菌检查法。     

复方阿莫西林乳房注入剂无菌检查方法的确立

建立了复方阿莫西林乳房注入剂的无菌检查方法。根据《中国兽药典》2010年版一部附录要求,通过比较薄膜过滤法和直接加入法对本品的适用性,最终选用直接加入法作为无菌检查方法,即以每1 mg阿莫西林中加入9000单位的青霉素酶来消除供试品的抑菌活性,并通过无菌方法验证,证明该方法适用于对复方阿莫西林乳房注入剂进行无菌检查。     

伊维菌素微乳无菌检查方法学的研究

本试验旨在对伊维菌素微乳制剂进行无菌检查方法学验证和无菌检查试验,确认本试验所用的方法适用于该制剂的无菌检查。按《中国兽药典》2005版一部(附录118)所载"无菌检查法"项下进行试验,通过对阳性对照菌、不同量冲洗液等条件的选择,采用薄膜过滤法对10瓶供试品(每种试验菌的样品量)进行检测,建立了无菌检查方法。经方法验证,用400mL 0.1%蛋白胨水溶液冲洗后,含供试品容器中的7个阳性菌试验组与阳性菌对照组相比均生长良好,说明供试品的该检验量在该检验条件下无抑菌作用或其抑菌作用可以忽略不计,可以用该方法进行供试品的无菌检查。对3批供试品进行无菌检查,阳性对照菌均在24h内生长良好,阴性对照均澄清,无菌生长,3批供试品均澄清,无菌生长,无菌检查试验结果符合规定。     

Study on Sterility Test Method of Ivermectin Microemulsion

The assay was aimed to study the sterility test and validation test of ivermectin microemulsion preparation and establish a sterility test method for ivermectin microemulsion preparation.The test method was carried out according to the method in volumeⅠ, Chinese Veterinary Pharmacopoeia Edition 2005.By choosing positive control bacteria and defining washing volumes in sterility test, the membrane-filter method was used to test the quantity of 10 bottles of test samples, and the sterility test was established.The result of method validation test showed that the test and all of positive control bacteria and microorganism growth after each filter being washed with 400 mL 0.1% peptone solution.It illustrated that the samples had no antimicrobial activity under the sample quantity and test condition.This method was available for sterility test of ivermectin microemulsion preparation.Using this method to test three lots test samples, the results showed that the positive control bacteria grew well within 24 h.The negative control bacteria and three lots test samples were sterile.It indicated that sterility test results met the requirements.     

复方阿莫西林乳房注入剂无菌检查方法的优化

将阿莫西林乳房注入剂无菌检查方法由直接接种法优化为薄膜过滤法。采用肉豆蔻酸异丙酯将样品破乳,与pH 6.0磷酸盐缓冲液混合进行萃取,取萃取后的水相薄膜过滤,采用pH 7.0无菌氯化钠-蛋白胨缓冲液进行冲洗,冲洗完毕加入硫乙醇酸盐液体培养基和胰酪大豆胨液体培养基,定量加入青霉素酶破坏残余的阿莫西林,按照规定条件培养。该方法与直接接种法相比,操作简单,可靠性增强,结果判断准确性提高。     

Pharmacokinetic characteristics and tissue residues for marbofloxacin and its metabolite N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin in broiler chickens

OBJECTIVES: To determine pharmacokinetic characteristics of marbofloxacin after a single IV and oral administration and tissue residues after serial daily oral administration in chickens. ANIMALS: 40 healthy broiler chickens. PROCEDURE: Two groups of chickens (groups A and B; 8 chickens/group) were administered a single IV and oral administration of marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg). Chickens of group C (n = 24) were given serial daily doses of marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h for 3 days). Plasma (groups A and B) and tissue concentrations (group C) of marbofloxacin and its major metabolite N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin were determined by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Residues of marbofloxacin and N-desmethylmarbofloxacin were measured in target tissues. RESULTS: Elimination half-life and mean residence time of marbofloxacin in plasma were 5.26 and 4.36 hours after IV administration and 8.69 and 8.55 hours after oral administration, respectively. Maximal plasma concentration was 1.05 microg/ml, and interval from oral administration until maximum concentration was 1.48 hours. Oral bioavailability of marbofloxacin was 56.82%. High concentrations of marbofloxacin and N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin were found in the kidneys, liver, muscles, and skin plus fat 24 hours after the final dose of marbofloxacin; however, marbofloxacin and N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin were detected in only hepatic (27.6 and 98.7 microg/kg, respectively) and renal (39.7 and 69.1 microg/kg, respectively) tissues 72 hours after termination of marbofloxacin treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of pharmacokinetic data obtained in this study reveals that a minimal therapeutic dose of 2 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours should be appropriate for control of most infections in chickens.     

Field evaluation of efficacy and tolerance of a 2% marbofloxacin injectable solution for the treatment of respiratory disease in fattening pigs

In a controlled and randomized field trial carried out in three European countries, 219 fattening pigs, from seven farms with respiratory disease problems, were treated intramuscularly for three or five days either with marbofloxacin 2 mg/kg/day, or with amoxicillin 7 mg/kg/day. Pigs were monitored daily until D5 (Day 5) and again at D21, and were weighed at D0 and D21. Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were mainly identified in the pig lungs. The difference in the cure rate (74.5% in marbofloxacin group versus 68% in the amoxicillin group) was not significant. Mean rectal temperature was significantly lower after treatment with marbofloxacin. Other criteria tended to be favourable for the marbofloxacin group, although differences were not significant. The time to cure tended to be shorter for the marbofloxacin group (24.3% of pigs at 24 hours post-treatment versus 12.1% in the amoxicillin group). Marbofloxacin and amoxicillin relapse rates were 11.9% and 17.2% respectively (not significant) and daily weight gain was 746 g in the marbofloxacin group versus 687 g in the amoxicillin group (not significant). The 2% marbofloxacin solution was significantly better tolerated than amoxicillin.     

关于兽药制剂无菌检查法几个问题的探讨

无菌检查法是无菌兽药制剂重要的质量检查方法。根据目前国内外相关文献的研究报道，分别从无菌检查法的特点、替代方案以及兽药制剂特殊性等方面进行论述，以期最大程度降低无菌检查法缺点的影响，规范我国兽药制剂的无菌检查方法，为兽药无菌检查的研究提供参考和依据。