那氏778诱导剂处理对黄瓜品质的影响

为明确那氏778诱导剂对黄瓜果实品质的影响,探究提升黄瓜果实品质的处理方法,开展了那氏778诱导剂处理试验,对黄瓜种子和砧木种子进行那氏778诱导剂浸种处理,对黄瓜植株进行那氏778诱导剂叶面喷施处理。结果表明:适宜浓度的那氏778诱导剂处理黄瓜种子和植株,使黄瓜茎纵向生长受到抑制,但横向生长增强,节间变短,且在果实品质和产量方面有一定的促进作用。综合来看,砧木种子经过那氏778诱导剂(浓度1∶100)浸种后嫁接,并对植株叶面喷施那氏778诱导剂(浓度1∶300)对果实品质提升效果最好。     

沼液叶面施用对辣椒产量及品质的影响

对辣椒叶面喷施不同浓度沼液,结果表明:沼液可促进辣椒的生长发育,提高产量;还可改善辣椒的品质,提高辣椒的可溶性糖和维生素C含量,减少硝酸盐含量。以喷施60%的处理产量最高,比对照增产14.9%;以及维生素C含量最高,比对照增加40.2%。以喷施80%的处理可溶性糖含量最高,比对照提高24.2%;以及硝酸盐含量最低,比对照下降20.5%。     

那氏齐齐发诱导剂对桃果实的影响

以陇蜜9号桃和千年红油桃为供试材料,利用那氏齐齐发诱导剂800倍液在3月底树液流动后灌根,以2000倍液分别于6月初果实膨大期和果实成熟前1周叶面喷施.结果表明:那氏齐齐发诱导剂能够提早果实成熟,使果个显著增大、产量增加、提高果实的可溶性固形物含量,并能改善果实着色,提高果实品质.     

烯效唑对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

采用不同浓度烯效唑药液对黄瓜浸种处理。研究结果表明:烯效唑有控制幼苗高度,促进根系生长、增加叶绿素含量、提高根冠比、防止移栽后败苗等效应;并对黄瓜有一定的增产效果。在本试验条件下,最佳浸种浓度为10mg·L-1。     

番茄栽培基质中菊芋发酵秸秆的适宜配比研究

为研究菊芋发酵秸秆作为无土栽培基质的可行性,并筛选适宜的复配基质配比,开展了番茄基质栽培中适宜配比的研究。选取草炭与蛭石体积比2︰1的基质为对照,设置发酵后菊芋秸秆的添加比例为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%等复合基质处理,测定复配基质的理化性状,研究其对番茄生长、品质、产量、抗病性等的影响。结果表明,复合基质容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙随菊芋发酵秸秆添加量的增多而降低,持水能力、通气孔隙、大小孔隙比随着菊芋发酵秸秆添加量的增多而增大;菊芋发酵秸秆添加量30%处理的番茄株高比对照增加8.22%;随着菊芋发酵秸秆添加量的增大番茄叶片Pn呈先上升后下降的趋势,菊芋发酵秸秆添加量10%、20%、30%和40%处理比对照处理高21.53%、17.72%、14.77%和14.20%。对照处理番茄病情指数(70.00)高于其他处理(35.72~51.98)。番茄果实可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比均随菊芋发酵秸秆添加量的增大而呈现先上升后下降的趋势,菊芋发酵秸秆添加量20%~30%处理维生素C、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比显著高于对照;可滴定酸以对照最高,糖酸比以30%处理最高,显著高于对照处理110.39%。各处理单株总产量,菊芋发酵秸秆添加量20%和10%的处理,分别显著高于对照14.50%和12.50%。试验表明,适宜番茄基质栽培菊芋发酵秸秆的添加量为20%~30%。     

乙烯利浸种对生姜增产效应的研究

本试验以不同浓度的乙烯利处理种姜，研究乙烯利对生姜发芽、植株生长的影响及增产效应，结果表明：２５０×１０－６～５００×１０－６为生姜浸种的适宜浓度，具有促进发芽、增加分枝、扩大叶面积和提高根茎产量的作用，一般比对照增产２０％以上。     

不同盐碱水平对甜瓜产量和品质的影响研究

以甜瓜品种‘金妃’为试验材料,采用基质栽培方法,设置4个盐碱水平分别为25、50、75、100 mmol/L,以清水为对照(CK),研究不同浓度盐碱胁迫对甜瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,不同盐碱胁迫均可降低甜瓜果实纵径、果实横径、单果重,提高果实可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量和Vc含量,降低总酸含量。其中,CK总产量最高,但相对较低盐碱处理浓度即T_1(25 mmol/L)和T_2(50 mmol/L)条件下,甜瓜总产量相对较高,T_1和T_2分别比最高盐碱处理即T4(100 mmol/L)增产100.43%和80.21%。T_1(25 mmol/L)的可溶性固形物含量、果实可溶性糖含量和Vc含量分别比CK增加18.18%、6.32%和23.58%,总酸含量则降低36.42%。说明较低浓度的盐碱胁迫对甜瓜产量形成和品质改善具有促进作用。     

采前钙钾处理对甜樱桃果实品质和贮藏效果的影响

在预备试验基础上,于采收前15 d,通过3个浓度Ca(NO3)2与KH2PO4配合对甜樱桃喷布,结果表明,处理的果实品质好于对照,Ca2 K 能够抑制果实中POD、PPO活性,降低MDA含量,并且随浓度增加抑制作用增强,Ca2 K 处理果实腐烂率比对照降低1.34%～13.54%,褐变率降低10%～25.3%.     

植物诱导剂对黄瓜基质穴盘苗生长的影响

以‘水果黄瓜A-B2’为试材,以植物诱导剂那氏齐齐发、叶面肥磷酸二氢钾喷施黄瓜苗叶片,以清水为对照,研究了植物诱导剂对黄瓜基质苗生长的影响,以期为培育优质黄瓜壮苗、提高壮苗指数、增加定植成活率提供参考依据。结果表明:喷施磷酸二氢钾和那氏齐齐发可有效控制黄瓜幼苗株高、叶长和叶宽,促进叶片数和茎粗的增加。黄瓜幼苗叶片数、茎粗和根长均以喷施磷酸二氢钾处理最大;黄瓜幼苗叶片SPAD值和氮含量则以喷施那氏齐齐发处理最高,均显著高于对照。喷施磷酸二氢钾和那氏齐齐发可抑制黄瓜幼苗地上部徒长,显著促进地下部生长,其中以喷施磷酸二氢钾处理最佳;根冠比和壮苗指数也以磷酸二氢钾处理最大。在黄瓜基质穴盘育苗生产中,喷施磷酸二氢钾可解决黄瓜幼苗徒长问题。     

不同施肥结构对日光节能温室番茄产量和品质影响

配方施肥可使番茄的单果重和总产量均有显著的增加,不同的施肥结构增产幅度不同,单果重的最大增产幅度为28.55%,总产的最大增产幅度为47.01%.不同施肥结构的条件下番茄果实品质在碳水化合物、Vc含量、还原糖和糖酸比等方面均有较明显的增加,其中处理2的组合增加的最显著,分别比对照提高25.58%、13.63%、27.08%.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.