基于语义分割模型和遥感的柑橘园空间信息提取

为应用高分辨率遥感影像和卷积神经网络模型快速提取柑橘园空间信息,选择四川省柑橘重点产区蒲江县为研究区,以高分辨率Google earth图像为数据源,构建3类不同树龄的柑橘园样本数据集,训练U-net和DeepLabv3+语义分割模型,提取柑橘园空间信息。通过验证,具有不同神经网络结构的U-net和DeepLabv3+模型提取柑橘园信息总体精度分别为88.30%和86.79%,Kappa系数为0.75和0.72,二者精度相当;通过分析小地块的果园遥感识别精度,测试区最小识别图斑面积约为120 m²,大于该面积的果园遥感面积平均精度在85%以上。该研究可为经营者、农业部门使用高分辨率遥感影像和开源的深度学习分类工具快速获取果园空间信息提供参考。     

基于无人机遥感与面向对象法的田间渠系分布信息提取

针对目前农田灌排系统识别研究中遥感影像分辨率不足,难以提取田间毛渠且对无水或少水灌排沟渠识别不足等问题,以内蒙古河套灌区磴口县坝塄村为研究区域,利用固定翼无人机搭载520~920 nm多光谱相机进行航拍试验,采用基于面向对象法的特征组合分层分类的提取方法对获取的高分辨率单幅多光谱影像数据进行解译,采用分割阈值为65、合并阈值为90的遥感影像最佳分割参数。利用含水田间毛渠和无水、少水田间毛渠在光谱、几何、空间关系等特征参量中表现出的与其它地物的特异性,建立不同分类层次的规则提取田间毛渠分布信息。提取结果表明,由于水体对近红外波段光谱的强烈吸收,含水毛渠提取效果很好,精度达到97.8%;无水、少水田间毛渠提取精度为75.7%。无人机遥感技术和面向对象法的特征组合分层分类方法为灌区田间渠系识别提供了一种新途径。     

基于深度语义分割的无人机多光谱遥感作物分类方法

为精准获取农田作物种植分布信息以满足农业精细化管理需求,基于DeepLab V3+深度语义分割网络提出了一种面向无人机多光谱遥感影像的农田作物分类方法.通过修改输入层结构、融合多光谱信息和植被指数先验信息、并采用Swish激活函数优化模型,使网络在响应值为负时仍能反向传播.基于2018-2019年连续2年内蒙古自治区河...     

基于无人机遥感的灌区土地利用与覆被分类方法

为研究无人机可见光遥感技术在灌区土地利用和覆被分类中的有效性,以河套灌区五原县塔尔湖镇为试验区域,用TEZ固定翼无人机搭载索尼A5100型相机进行航拍试验。应用Agisoft Photo Scan软件对无人机遥感系统获取的可见光高分辨率原始单张影像数据进行拼接处理。除目视提取的特殊用地与水域及水利设施用地外,通过试误法确定分割尺度300、形状权重0.4、紧致度权重0.5为无人机遥感影像数据的最佳分割参数。通过对剩余各地物在光谱、形状、纹理特征参量中表现的特异性,分别建立决策树、支持向量机、K-最近邻分类规则集提取土地利用类型试验。结果表明,支持向量机能较准确地提取各地物的特征,总体精度为82.20%,Kappa系数为0.765 9;决策树分类方法的总体精度为74.00%,Kappa系数为0.667 5;K-最近邻分类方法的总体精度为71.40%,Kappa系数为0.610 7。采用支持向量机结合决策树分类法创建的决策树模型,可以将总体精度提高到84.20%,Kappa系数达到0.790 0。因此无人机可见光遥感技术可以用于提取灌区土地利用类型,但存在农、毛渠错分为交通运输用地的情况,渠系的提取还需进一步研究。     

基于深度学习的无人机水田图像语义分割方法

为高效获取水田信息提高精准农业应用水平,提出一种基于深度学习的无人机水田图像语义分割方法。首先,采集无人机水田图像并制作一套高分辨率水田数据集,使用双边滤波去除图像噪声;然后,通过调整编码器获取更为细致的田块边界特征信息;最后,改进解码器融合更多浅层特征并采用深度可分离卷积解耦图像深度信息与空间信息,获得改进网络结构的DeepLabv3+模型。试验结果显示,改进模型的像素精度和平均交并比分别为96.04%和85.90%,与原始模型相比提升2.09%和4.66%;与典型的UNet、SegNet和PSPNet语义分割模型相比,各项指标均有不同程度的提高。本文方法能够实现准确、高效的水田分割,为进一步获取水田边界定位信息和构建高精度农田地图提供重要基础。     

基于深度学习的大棚及地膜农田无人机航拍监测方法

随着精准农业技术的发展,快速获取大棚和地膜农田面积及地理分布的需求越来越大,但沿用面向卫星遥感影像的解译方法处理无人机航拍影像,存在特征选择复杂、识别精度较低、处理时间长等问题。基于此,本文提出一种基于深度学习的大棚及地膜农田无人机航拍监测方法,即采用六旋翼无人机搭载索尼NEX-5k相机进行航拍作业,对采集到的558幅赤峰市王爷府镇地区的无人机航片进行正射校正与拼接,构建全卷积神经网络(Fully convolutional network,FCN),通过多尺度融合的方法实现了FCN的5个变种模型:FCN-32s、FCN-16s、FCN-8s、FCN-4s、FCN-2s,使用带动量的随机梯度下降算法端到端训练模型,自动提取并分类影像特征。FCN模型与ENVI商用遥感软件的基于像素的分类方法、e Cognition软件的面向对象的分类方法对比后表明:FCN-4s模型为识别大棚和地膜农田的最佳模型,对于测试区域的平均整体正确率为97%,而基于像素的分类方法平均整体正确率为74.1%,面向对象的分类方法平均整体正确率为81.78%。FCN-4s模型平均运行时间为16.85 s,是基于像素的分类方法运行时间的0.06%,是面向对象的分类方法运行时间的5.62%。本方法可快速准确获取大棚和地膜农田的地理分布及面积,满足设施农业对无人机航拍监测的需求。     

基于改进CBAM-DeepLab V3+的苹果种植面积提取

为提高苹果种植区域的提取精度,提出了一种基于Sentinel-2和MODIS融合影像的CBAM-DeepLab V3+模型。影响苹果种植区域提取精度的主要因素包括遥感影像的质量以及语义分割模型的性能。从影像质量角度来看,采用基于时序的时空融合算法ESTARFM,通过融合Sentinel-2和MODIS的遥感影像数据,实现更高空间分辨率和时间分辨率数据的获取。与此同时,将训练样本从原始的800幅扩充至2 400幅,为后续语义分割模型提供更为充足的样本容量。在语义分割模型优化方面,为了进一步提高苹果种植面积的提取精度,以DeepLab V3+网络结构模型为基础,引入基于通道和空间的CBAM注意力机制,进而发展出CBAM-DeepLab V3+模型。与原始DeepLab V3+模型相比,加入CBAM注意力机制的CBAM-DeepLab V3+模型在拟合速度较慢、边缘目标分割不精确、大尺度目标分割内部不一致和存在孔洞等缺陷方面实现了突破,这些改进提高了模型的训练与预测性能。本研究采用原始Sentinel-2影像及时空融合后的影像数据集,结合烟台市牟平区王格庄镇的数据集和观水镇苹果数据集对U-N...     

基于Deeplabv3+模型的成都平原水产养殖水体信息提取

为应用深度学习和遥感影像实现养殖水体信息的快速提取,以成都平原为研究区,以Sentinel 2A和高分6号多光谱影像为数据源,基于国产开源深度学习平台PaddlePaddle训练Deeplabv3+语义分割模型,构建遥感影像的水体语义分割模型,用于提取成都平原养殖水体信息。Deeplabv3+方法的总体精度和Kappa系数分别达到94.14%和0.88,均高于归一化差分水体指数法和最大似然监督分类法;模型对阴影和建筑物等误分为水体的抑制效果较好,而对小面积和细小线状水体信息的提取则受影像分辨率影响,效果无明显改进;成都平原2018年和2020年养殖水体面积分别为22.3 khm²和28.6 khm²,其验证区青白江区、新津县和广汉市养殖水体面积的泛化提取结果验证误差均≤±10%。该研究结果可为应用深度学习平台建立遥感影像的水体语义分割模型及提取水产养殖水体信息提供参考。     

基于改进DeepLabv3+的番茄图像多类别分割方法

番茄图像中多类别目标的准确识别是实现自动化采摘的技术前提,针对现有网络分割精度低、模型参数多的问题,提出一种基于改进DeepLabv3+的番茄图像多类别分割方法。该方法使用幻象网络(GhostNet)和坐标注意力模块(Coordinate attention, CA)构建CA-GhostNet作为DeepLabv3+的主干特征提取网络,减少网络的参数量并提高模型的分割精度,并设计了一种多分支解码结构,用于提高模型对小目标类别的分割能力。在此基础上,基于单、双目小样本数据集使用合成数据集的权值参数进行迁移训练,对果实、主干、侧枝、吊线等8个语义类别进行分割。结果表明,改进的DeepLabv3+模型在单目数据集上的平均交并比(MIoU)和平均像素准确率(MPA)分别为68.64%、78.59%,在双目数据集上的MIoU和MPA分别达到73.00%、80.59%。此外,所提模型内存占用量仅为18.5 MB,单幅图像推理时间为55 ms,与基线模型相比,在单、双目数据集上的MIoU分别提升6.40、6.98个百分点,与HRNet、UNet、PSPNet相比,内存占用量压缩82%、79%、88%...     

基于MHSA+DeepLab v3+的无人机遥感影像小麦倒伏检测

倒伏是影响小麦产量和质量的重要因素之一,及时准确获取倒伏信息有利于小麦良种选育中的倒伏损失鉴定。本文以小麦灌浆期和成熟期两个生长阶段的可见光无人机遥感影像为依据,构建多生长阶段小麦倒伏数据集,通过在DeepLab v3+模型中添加不同的注意力模块进行比较分析,提出一种基于多头自注意力（MHSA）的DeepLab v3+小麦倒伏检测模型。试验结果表明,提出的MHSA+DeepLab v3+模型的平均像素精度(Mean pixel accuracy, mPA)和均交并比(Mean intersection over union, mIoU),灌浆期分别为93.09%和87.54%,成熟期分别为93.36%和87.49%。与代表性的SegNet、PSPNet和DeepLab v3+模型相比,在灌浆期mPA提高了25.45、7.54、1.82个百分点和mIoU提高了36.15、11.37、2.49个百分点,在成熟期mPA提高了15.05、6.32、0.74个百分点,mIoU提高了23.36、9.82、0.95个百分点。其次,相比于CBAM和SimAM两种注意力模块,在灌浆期及成熟期基于多头自注意力的DeepLab v3+表现均为最优,在灌浆期其mPA和mIoU分别提高了1.6、2.07个百分点和1.7、2.45个百分点,成熟期提高了0.27、0.11个百分点和0.26、0.15个百分点。研究表明提出的改进的DeepLab v3+模型能够有效地捕获灌浆期和成熟期的无人机小麦遥感图像中的倒伏特征,准确识别不同生育期的倒伏区域,具有良好的适用性,为利用无人机遥感技术鉴定小麦倒伏灾害等级和良种选育等提供了参考。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。