中国农村宅基地整理潜力估算

由于土地利用分类中缺乏农村宅基地的用地类型,中国目前尚缺乏全国尺度的农村宅基地整理潜力估算结果,不利于农村宅基地整治工作的开展和部署。笔者建立了依据农村居民点整理潜力推算法、户均宅基地标准法和农村人口等比例缩减法3种方法,估算了中国2020年的农村宅基地整理潜力。研究表明：（1）2020年,依据农村居民点整理潜力推算法测算的宅基地整理潜为239.05×104 hm²,户均宅基地标准法的测算结果为597.50×104 hm²,农村人口等比例缩减法的测算结果为130.36×104 hm²;（2）户均宅基地标准法测算的农村宅基地整理潜力由于缺乏对农村宅基地整理中自然、经济、社会限制性因素的考虑而明显偏大,综合修整后,该方法测算的中国农村宅基地整理潜力约为191.20×104 hm²;（3）统筹考虑各种测算方法的结果,中国2020年的农村宅基地整理潜力约为200×104 hm²。空间上,中国农村宅基地的整理潜力主要分布在东部和中部区域;相对而言,东北区和西部地区的整理潜力较小。各省份中,山东、安徽、河南、江苏、辽宁、黑龙江等省份的整理潜力较大;西藏、青海、上海、福建、海南5个省份的整理潜力较小。     

农村土地房屋资产属性研究综述

农村土地房屋是农村经济发展的重要资源,是农民的宝贵财富。本文围绕农村土地房屋的基本属性：主体化、资产化和市场化,综合运用文献检索法和对比分析法,梳理和总结了学术界对我国农村土地房屋资产属性的研究成果。研究结果表明：（1）农村土地房屋资产化、主体化和市场化,受到经济学家高度关注,产生了丰富的研究成果;（2）有关研究成果表明,我国农村土地房屋主体化、资产化和市场化取得新的进展;（3）我国农村土地房屋主体化、资产化和市场化任重道远,必须坚持科学发展观,立足我国的基本国情,推进农村土地房屋资产管理。     

免征农业税对农用土地的影响

为了明确免征农业税与农用地利用的关系,采用文献资料法和归纳分析法研究免征农业税对农用土地的影响——改变土地税收结构和农用土地收益分配结构。免征农业税将打开农用土地利用的新局面,对于农用土地使用权流转、资源优化配置、农用土地经营规模、保护耕地等都将产生积极的作用。     

Innovation and Development in Modular Industrialised Housing

The total requirement for affordable new housing in the world is extremely large, and in many countries presents major challenges to local building industries which-if they continue to use traditional building methods-will be unable to supply what is needed in terms of quantity, quality, performance or cost. In Europe, since the end of the Second World War, there have been numerous attempts to mass produce housing-mainly in order to build faster, overcome skills shortages and cut costs. The majority of those methods were based on the use of concrete and, for a variety of reasons, in the UK many of them performed badly [almost half the concrete tower blocks built in Britain the 1960s and 70s have already been demolished or are scheduled for demolition]. In the mid 1970's the Greater London Council [GLC]-already disenchanted by their experience of precast concrete building methods-experimented with volumetric/modular steel housing, and built a demonstration block of modular flats in the Borough of Hackney. The results were highly encouraging, but the programme was terminated when the GLC was closed down. However, that modular housing work attracted the attention of several large hotel chains that then used modular building techniques to construct several hundred budget price hotels in the UK. Today attitudes towards modular building methods have changed considerably, particularly among major developers. Most new hotels now incorporate pod bathrooms and large numbers of university students are being accommodated in new modular halls of residence. New material combinations and module production techniques have further increased the many advantages offered by modular construction, particularly in terms of higher acoustic performance and lower cost. The success of recent high profile modular housing projects in the UK and other EC countries bodes well for modular housing in Europe, and the PATH advanced housing technology initiative in the USA suggests modular is also poised to take off there in a big way. Modular housing could soon become a major international industry.     

农村土地房屋资产管理研究进展

随着城镇化进程的推进,农村土地房屋流转在现实生活中日趋频繁,农村土地房屋资产管理问题进一步凸显。笔者综合运用文献资料法、对比分析法,围绕加强农村土地房屋资产管理的必要性、农村土地房屋资产管理面临的突出问题以及开展农村土地房屋资产管理创新探索3个命题,对学术界的研究成果进行梳理汇总,揭示了相关学术研究取得的成果、存在的主要问题,并展望了国内农村土地房屋资产管理研究的方向与重点。研究提出加强农村土地房屋资产管理,应当强化农村土地房屋资产管理主体、开展农村土地房屋资产清产核资、建立农村土地房屋资产收益分配机制、建立农村土地房屋资产评估服务体系、培育农村土地房屋资产市场。     

Study on the Land Use Right in Urban Housing Dismantling and Moving

With the strengthening of constitutional protection that legal private property is not to be encroached upon and the land usufructs paid regime are further clear, the regime of urban housing dismantling and moving is facing a vigorous test. This paper analyzes three problems: the justice of the withdrawal of land use right, the legality of the alteration of the land use right and the rationality of the compensation of the land use right during the urban housing dismantling and moving. Finally, this paper tries to find some effective measures to solve the chain problems.     

关于中国农村宅基地使用权流转问题的探讨

农村宅基地使用权流转问题是我国土地管理中的热点和难点。笔者以农村宅基地为研究对象,对宅基地使用权流转进行了探讨。文章阐述了农村宅基地使用权流转现状和存在的问题,并分析其产生问题的原因,最后提出了完善宅基地使用权流转的一些建议,以期宅基地流转逐渐走向制度化、规范化和法制化。     

土地征收中农地市场价值的测算思路

对农地的市场价值进行合理评估是推进中国征地制度改革的关键问题之一。目前,国家在土地征收过程中,提倡划分区片、按价征地,要按农地的市场价值计算征地区片综合地价。针对于此,笔者在文章中提出合理确定征地区片综合地价的测算方法。通过对土地征收过程中政府与农民集体之间的权益进行综合分析,借鉴城市地价评估的方法,指出可应用收益还原法、假设开发法和社会价值量化法三种评估方法来测算农地市场价格,并具体分析了这三种方法的应用途径。     

Perspective of Chongqing Housing Development

This article states the opportunity,challenge and achievement in the urban housing development of Chongqing,predicted the housing development tendency in the 21 st century and describe the current key tasks of Chongqing construction commission.     

农宅合作社发展模式及对策研究

盘活农村闲置农宅流转经营是赋予农民更多财产权利,激活农村各类生产要素潜能,建立符合市场经济要求的农村集体经济运营新机制的一种重要途径。本文界定了农宅合作社的定义与内涵,分析了农宅合作社的价值与意义,归纳了农宅合作社的“村集体 农户”、“企业＋村集体＋农户”两种经营类型,提炼出三种开发模式： “自然风光型”、“文化产业型”、“历史教育型”,指出目前农宅合作社在发展过程中存在着文化特色表现力不够、低端同质化等问题,以及对存在的问题提出培育农民意识、规范利益共享机制等建议。     

论农村土地价值体系

随着现代农业发展、新农村建设和城乡统筹发展的推进,农村土地借助土地流转与整治平台被不断盘活,而土地流转与整治过程诱发的农村土地价值转移和转化,促使农村土地价值体系构建成为目前土地利用决策和耕地保护迫切需要解决的现实问题。本文采用文献资料法,从耕地价值和宅基地价值两个层面,论述了农村土地价值构成体系与估算方法。研究表明：（1）耕地价值体系框架已成型,包括经济价值、社会价值、生态价值、发展权价值、国家粮食战略安全价值等物质价值和选择价值、存在价值、馈赠价值等精神价值。但由于对土地价值认知的不足,通常重经济价值、轻社会价值、生态价值和国家粮食战略安全价值,而忽略发展权价值与精神价值;（2）宅基地价值体系尚不清晰,从产权价值和资源价值来看,其亦可分为承载价值、社会价值、生态价值和发展权价值;（3）从估算方法来看,收益还原法、成本替代法、影子工程法、条件价值评估法在耕地价值估算中应用较为成熟,但宅基地价值估算主要停留在理论层面的定性探讨。为此,农村土地价值体系重构中,应充分考虑农村宅基地使用权在产权和土地利用形式上的特殊性,进一步挖掘集体建设用地的价值内涵,而农村土地价值测算中应显化土地发展权价值,并借鉴农用地、城镇建设用地分等、定级、估价等研究成果,创新宅基地价值估算方法。     

Nongovernmental Organizations and the Option Value of Donated Land

ABSTRACT Nongovernmental organizations frequently receive donations of land that have unknown characteristics. This paper presents an analytical model of the option to preserve such land. The nongovernmental organizations' option value arises from the option to preserve or sell the land to generate funds for other preservation projects. We show that die preservation option is equivalent to an option that allows the nongovernmental organization to choose between he maximum of the market value of the land and the preservation value of the land. From the resulting closed from solution of the option to preserve, we perform comparative statics showing how the relevant factors (preservation value of the land, the development value of the land, the length of the that the option is available, and the uncertainty surrounding the relative values of preservation and development) influence the value of the preservation option. In addition, to the basic model, we present three model modifications. The first examines the effects of costly preservation and costly nonpreservation. In the second extension, we examine the effects of freeriding modeled by a continuous variable. In the final modification, we relax the assumption of the fixed survey period and show the optimal development date.     

农村宅基地闲置时空变化特征研究-以文登为例

本文在实地调研基础上,运用历史回顾方法探讨了文登市农村宅基地闲置的变化特征,结果发现:(1)1990－1996年间文登市农村宅基地闲置面积的扩展以点状扩展为主;(2)1996－2006期间文登市农村宅基地闲置面积以面状扩展为主;（3）在1990－1996－2006时段内,文登农村宅基地闲置扩展贡献率和增长率变化最大的是环山办、汪疃镇和龙山办地区;（4）人口减少、经济发展以及宅基地管理政策不完善,是文登农村宅基地闲置扩展的主因;最后认为加强农村宅基地管理、实现宅基地流转,是农村建设用地集约利用的必然。     

长株潭土地利用结构变化与生态服务价值效应研究

摘要: 以长株潭地区为研究对象,采用1998、2001、2004、2007四年的土地利用数据,运用Costanza方法,以此研究长株潭地区土地利用变化以及由此而引起的生态服务价值的变化。结果表明:1998－2007年间,耕地、园地、牧草地和未利用地的土地利用面积总量减少,林地增加,长株潭地区生态服务价值总量先上升后下降,1998－2007年一共减少了35.9×107元,在各项生态服务功能的测算中,土壤形成与保护这项功能产生的生态服务价值最大,敏感性分析表明生态服务价值系数具有一定的准确性,结果可信。     

Application of Containers to Low-Income Housing in Context of New Urbanization

This paper explores how to use container buildings to resolve the housing problem of migrant workers in the context of urbanization, and ascertains the characteristics of the container housing and public space through the analysis of excellent examples of the container recycling project at home and abroad. In terms of the material, economic benefits, environmental protection and industrialization, those characteristics are summarized as follows.(1) Being sturdy, corrosion-resisting, waterproof and insulated, building materials are able to resist bad weather.(2) Their economic results lie in the short constructive cycle so that the cost of reinforced concrete per unit area reduces 20% on year-on-year basis.(3) Their environmental protection rests with the recyclability of materials, less construction waste and less noise in the construction process.(4) Their industrialization is embedded in their modular design and standardized specifications as well as the flexibility and replaceability.     

莲的利用价值和产品开发思路

综述了莲的营养成分、药理作用与产品开发状况。莲具有降脂减肥、抗氧化、抗衰老、抑制脂肪肝和抑菌等药理作用,可以用于相关功能食品和药品的开发。     

资源型省份土地利用变化及其对生态系统服务价值的影响

为研究资源型省份土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响,笔者以土地覆盖/利用数据（2000—2005—2010年3期）和数字高程数据(DEM)为基础,应用遥感与GIS技术,分析了山西省土地覆盖/利用变化下的生态系统服务价值变化情况。结果表明：（1）2000—2010年间,山西省土地利用类型主要为农田和林地,占土地利用方式的65%以上;（2）2000年—2005年间,农田对其他类型自然资源的贡献最大;2005年—2010年间,草地对其他类型自然资源的贡献最大;（3）农田为最活跃的土地利用类型,农田和林地呈扩张的发展趋势;（4）土地利用变化引起区域生态环境效应,10年间山西省生态系统服务总价值上涨约10.01%,其中草地的生态系统服务价值减少量最大,约78.81%,林地增加最多,约34.25%。而生态服务功能中,除了在废物处理方面生态服务功能有所减少外,其余生态服务功能都有所增加。