陕西兰考泡桐木材构造和材性的研究

对陕西渭南产兰考泡桐木材构造和材性的研究表明,木材材质优良,利用价值与其它泡桐相当,其管孔式类型并非为单纯的环孔材或单纯的半环孔材,而是环孔材至半环孔材。     

泡桐胶合板材林最适经营密度及主伐年龄研究

通过对４０３块兰考泡桐外业调查资料的分析，发现兰考泡桐的直径分布可用Ｌ－ＰＲＭ进行预测；林分平均直径，任意高处的直径，单位面积胶合板材、檩材，椽材出材量可用建立的平均直径预估模型，干曲线方程，出材量预估模型进行预测。经检验其预测的精度能满足生产上的实际需要。用胶合板材出材量和内部收益率综合评价得出：４０立地指数级林地培育大中径级，中径级胶合板材的最适造林密度分别为每公顷２００株和２５０株，主伐年龄     

泡桐材色变异规律的研究

泡桐材色在树干或侧枝圆盘年龄上从里向外呈现“深-浅—深”的径向变化形式。在不同高度上,泡桐材色随树高增加逐渐变浅,在靠近梢部时又有变深的趋势;泡桐枝材的材色变化规律与干材相似,可以用6年生的成熟枝材来评估干材材色。     

泡桐纤维变化及其制浆造纸研究

以8~11年生泡桐为研究对象,主要探究了泡桐枝材、根材的生物量分配比及木纤维变化规律,研究泡桐枝材、根材用于制浆造纸的可行性。结果表明:泡桐枝材、根材在整株生物量中所占分配比较高;泡桐枝材木纤维含量、纤维长度随枝龄的增加而呈现递增趋势,并逐渐接近于树干材;泡桐化学性质稳定,综纤维素含量高;用枝材、根材制得的纸浆理化性质符合国家标准,多数物理强度指标表现优异。泡桐废弃枝材、根材可作为造纸纤维原料进行资源化利用。     

中龄兰考泡桐胶合板材林营养补给效应的研究

中龄兰考泡桐胶合板材林营养补给效应的研究＊王保平李宗然李芳东周海江周道顺关键词兰考泡桐胶合板材林营养补给合理营养补给是泡桐胶合板材林定向培育集约栽培的一项重要措施，以前对幼龄泡桐进行营养补给的研究较多［１，２］，但缺乏对中龄泡桐林营养补给的研究，尤其...     

’97林业部科技成果推广项目简介(三)

黄淮海平原兰考泡桐胶合板材林优化栽培模式（1）建立了黄淮海地区兰考泡桐立地分类和立地质量评价系统。该系统分立地类型区编制了4个数量化地位指数得分表，解决了有林地和无林地立地质量的统一评价问题；提出了27个适于兰考泡桐胶合板材林培育的立地类型；构建了可用来预测备适生立地类型兰考泡桐平均胸径和林积生长过程的生长模型。（2）对兰考泡桐成林的林分结构首次进行了全面、系统的研究，建立了兰考泡桐林分的直径结构、材种结构、平均胸径、干曲线和各材种出村量预估模型。得出了不同立地指数级林地培育泡桐胶合板材林的最适密度…     

南洋楹枝桠材间伐小径材制浆造纸试验

对南洋楹枝桠材和间伐小径材分别进行了制浆造纸的试验，结果表明，枝桠材和间伐小径材的制浆造纸性能接近规格材。为充分利用南洋楹资源提供了依据。     

油松株内幼龄材与成熟材材性的比较研究

本文就中条山油松株内幼龄材与成熟材材性差异的比较研究,讨论对幼龄期划分的依据。根据木材解剖特征、物理力学性质的径向变异规律,确定其幼龄期为14年。随着树干高度的增加,油松木材幼龄期逐渐缩短、株内幼龄材范围及所占断面上的比例变小。株内幼龄材与成熟材材性差异显著。幼龄材管胞长度短、直径小,胞壁薄,微纤丝角度大,生长轮较宽,晚材率低,浸提物含量高,基本密度较大。幼龄材的力学强度远远小于成熟材。     

三种阔叶树枝桠材应拉木和对应木的解剖特征及材性的研究

通过对３ 种阔叶树 （米槠、木荷、拟赤杨） 枝桠材的应拉木和对应木的解剖特征及材性的观察和试验,并与正常干材比较, 结果表明： 它们在纤维、导管的长度、宽度、纤维次生壁 Ｓ２ 层纤丝角、化学成分、纤维素相对结晶度、密度、吸水性、涨缩性以及顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度及其弹性模量等都存在显著差异。     

黑荆树干材 枝材桠 树皮废渣制活性炭的研究

利用黑荆树干材、枝桠材、树皮为原料制造粉状活性炭，与其他原料制造的粉状活性炭的质量对比，说明利用黑荆树干材，枝桠材、树皮废渣制活性炭是可行的，为活性炭的制造提供了原料来源。     

造林密度对马尾松木材主要性质影响的研究

本文对贵州省龙里林场马尾松密度试验林 ,5种造林密度 ,15年生马尾松木材基本密度、生长轮宽度、晚材率和解剖特性进行研究。结果表明 :造林密度对马尾松生长轮宽度、晚材率和管胞列数影响较大 ,方差分析达到显著水平。造林密度大 ,则生长轮变窄 ,管胞列数减少 ,晚材率增加。造林密度对马尾松木材基本密度的影响不显著 ,但具明显的规律性 ,即随着造林密度加大木材基本密度增加 ,造林密度过大反而下降。造林密度对管胞形态的影响表现出因树龄而异 ,不同造林密度马尾松管胞形态总平均值变化不大 ,但管胞长度随树龄的增大而增加的趋势受到造林密度影响。较低的造林密度各生长轮管胞长度差异不显著。组织比量不受造林密度影响。     

Radial variations in the anatomical characteristics and density of the wood of Acacia mangium of five different provenances in Indonesia

The anatomical characteristics and density of wood were examined in 23-year-old Acacia mangium trees that had been planted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The seeds had been collected from trees of five different provenances. The distance from the pith of the boundary between juvenile and mature wood was also examined to clarify the maturity of the wood. Lengths of wood fibers near the pith and the distance from the pith of the boundary between juvenile and mature wood differed significantly among provenances. By contrast, other anatomical characteristics of the wood such as fiber wall area, fiber wall thickness, fiber diameter, vessel lumen area, vessel diameter, vessel frequency and wood density did not differ significantly among provenances. Wood density was strongly correlated with the area of fiber walls. Our observations suggest that Sidei and Daintree might be more appropriate provenances among those examined for the Acacia mangium tree-breeding programs in Indonesia that are aimed at improving wood quality, because these provenances are associated with longer initial wood fibers and narrower juvenile areas than the other provenances studied.     

马尾松木材化学组分的遗传控制及对木材育种的意义

本文利用 1 3年生马尾松子代测定林的 2 0个自由授粉家系的木材试样 ,着重研究木材化学组分的遗传学问题。研究结果表明 ,木材化学组分、基本密度和生长性状在家系间的差异都达到了极显著水平 ,并受中等至强度的遗传控制。在 6个木材化学组分中 ,灰分、戊聚糖和 1 %NaOH抽出物含量的遗传力较高 ,木质素、综纤维素和热水抽出物含量的遗传力稍低。生长性状与木材密度呈显著的负相关 ,而与木材化学组分相关性很小 ,似相互独立。遗传相关认为灰分和热水抽出物含量可分别作为综纤维素和木质素的间接选择指标。由于综纤维素和木质素含量在家系间的绝对差异较小 ,仅为 2 %～ 3% ,对选育的实际意义不大。可选择综纤维素含量高的优株进行无性繁殖加以利用     

小径落叶松层板等级区分和集成材强度性能的研究

根据抗弯弹性模量、节径比、纹理斜度、年轮宽度和裂纹、腐朽、变色等木材缺陷,确定小径落叶松层板等级。结构集成材具有较大的规格尺寸、较高的强度和耐久性等优点,它的强度取决于层板强度和配置以及胶合性能。     

Definition of fine roots on the basis of the root anatomy,diameter,and branch orders of one-year old Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings

Fine roots are important in root absorption of nutrient and water,and in root turnover.Accurate definition of fine roots is a prerequisite to improved estimation of the physiological and ecological functions of forest ecosystems.Root development and physiological functions are reflections of root anatomical structure.In this study,the anatomical structures of different root orders were analyzed by examining paraffin sections of one-year old Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings.One-year-old F.mandshurica seedlings had over five root orders.The root anatomical structures of all orders showed more differences.First and second order roots consisted of four sections: the epidermis,cortex,pericycle,and vascular bundles.Fourth and fifth order roots were mainly composed of the skin and peripheral vascular bundles(including the xylem and phloem).Third order roots had root epidermal and cortical structures,but the quantity and integrity of the cortical cells were inferior to those of the first and second order roots,and superior to those of the fourth and fifth order roots.All the first and second order roots and some third order roots with discontinuous cork layer(0.4 mm in diameter),but not the fourth and fifth order roots,were the fine roots of one-year old F.mandshurica seedlings.Although they had similar diameters,different portions of root systems had different anatomical structures and therefore,vary in capacity to absorb water and nutrients.Fine roots were accurately defined by root diameter,branch orders,and anatomical structural features of one-year old F.mandshurica seedlings.     

中国裸子植物木材管胞瘤状层的电镜观察

本文对中国裸子植物11科、41属、99种木材管胞瘤状层进行了系统观察。瘤状层的有无及形态特征是区分裸子植物材的重要标志。此外并对5种针叶树材在一个年轮内,瘤状层从早材到晚材大小、分布密度的变化做了观察;12种针叶树材的切片,用0.5％次氯酸钠溶液处理后,瘤状物减小、以至消失;在另6个树种的管胞内,观察到瘤状层被白腐菌或软腐菌溶解。     

Definition of fine roots on the basis of the root anatomy,diameter, and branch orders of one-year old <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fraxinus mandshurica</Emphasis> seedlings

Fine roots are important in root absorption of nutrient and water, and in root turnover. Accurate definition of fine roots is a prerequisite to improved estimation of the physiological and ecological functions of forest ecosystems. Root development and physiological functions are reflections of root anatomical structure. In this study, the anatomical structures of different root orders were analyzed by examining paraffin sections of one-year old Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings. One-year-old F. mandshurica seedlings had over five root orders. The root anatomical structures of all orders showed more differences. First and second order roots consisted of four sections: the epidermis, cortex, pericycle, and vascular bundles. Fourth and fifth order roots were mainly composed of the skin and peripheral vascular bundles (including the xylem and phloem). Third order roots had root epidermal and cortical structures, but the quantity and integrity of the cortical cells were inferior to those of the first and second order roots, and superior to those of the fourth and fifth order roots. All the first and second order roots and some third order roots with discontinuous cork layer (< 0.4 mm in diameter), but not the fourth and fifth order roots, were the fine roots of one-year old F. mandshurica seedlings. Although they had similar diameters, different portions of root systems had different anatomical structures and therefore, vary in capacity to absorb water and nutrients. Fine roots were accurately defined by root diameter, branch orders, and anatomical structural features of one-year old F. mandshurica seedlings.     

杉木材性株内变异的研究Ⅰ.木材力学性质和木材密度

对１５株浙江产杉木株内不同高度和圆周不同方位上木材的抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度和木材密度的差异，木材密度的径向变异模式和木材力学性质与木材密度的相关关系进行了测定和分析。主要结果是：抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量在株内不同高度上差异特别显著；顺纹抗压强度和木材密度未表现出显著差异；在圆周不同方位上，三项力学性质和木材密度均为南北向高于东西向，差异不显著；木材密度径向变异模式在不同高度和不同方位上均为接近水平有一定波动的直线；三项力学性质与木材密度的相关关系在不同高度和不同方位上均特别显著，但不同力学性质与木材密度的相关系数有明显差异，不同高度上和圆周不同方位上，亦有差异。     

杨树新无性系木材性质的变异研究

The wood basic density, cellulose content and fiber form were investigated for all sample trees at breast height (1.3m) in seven poplar clones, and at 0 (butt), 5.6, 9.6, 13.6, 17.6, 19.6 and 21.6 m for clone Nanlin-95 and Nanlin-895, respectively,for providing information on variation patterns of wood density, fiber characteristics and holocellulose content within trees and among clones. The results showed that significant variations about wood density, cellulose content, fiber diameter and the ratio of fiber length to diameter existed among poplar clones examined. Variance analysis indicated that there were significant differences in wood basic density, fiber length, fiber diameter and cellulose content among the growth rings, which had an increasing tendency along the direction from pith to bark. The significant differences also existed in wood basic density, fiber length and fiber diameter at different tree height. The mean wood basic density had a general increase trend with increasing height of trees and the lowest was found at the base, while fiber length and fiber diameter had a general decline pattern with increasing height of trees and the biggest value was observed at the height of 5.6 m. Regression analysis indicated that the relationship between examined wood properties and growth ring number (cambial age), and the relationship between examined wood properties and tree height can be described by polynomial functions.     

Wood properties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pericopsis mooniana</Emphasis> grown in a plantation in Indonesia

The relationships between growth characteristics and wood properties were investigated for a threatened species, Pericopsis mooniana, to promote the establishment of plantations of this species in the tropics. Growth characteristics (diameter and height) and stress-wave velocity (SWV) of trees were measured for 22-year-old P. mooniana trees planted in Indonesia. The trees were categorized into three groups, fast-growing, middle-growing, and slow-growing trees, to investigate the effect of growth rate on the wood properties. In addition, radial variation of anatomical characteristics and wood properties were determined. No significant correlation was found between growth characteristics and SWV. The values for the vessel diameter, cell wall thickness of wood fibers, wood fiber length, basic density, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture from wood at the bark side were higher than those at the pith side. On the other hand, vessel frequency gradually decreased from pith to bark. These results suggested that low-quality wood, such as juvenile wood, existed near the pith area.