Sex attractant of the pink bollworm moth: isolation, identification, and synthesis

The sex attractant produced in extremely small amount by the virgin female pink bollworm moth has been isolated in pure form and identified as 10-propyl-trans- 5, 9-tridecadienyl acetate. Successful synthesis of this molecule confirms the structure and makes possible its practical use to help control this destructive pest of cotton. The attractant, for which the common name "propylure" is suggested, may be the first naturally occurring compound with propyl branching to be reported.     

Aphid alarm pheromone: isolation, identification, synthesis

A broadly interspecific aphid alarm pheromone was isolated from several economically important species of aphids and identified as trans-beta-farnesene.     

Potent sex attractant of the gypsy moth: its isolation, identification, and synthesis

The sex attractant emitted by the female gypsy moth has been identified as cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane. The structure was verified by spectral, gas chromatographic, and biological comparisons with the synthesized compound. Nine closely related isomers were considerably less effective.     

Sex pheromones produced by male boll weevil: isolation, identification, and synthesis

The response of female boll weevils to males, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, in laboratory bioassays can be reproduced by exposure to a mixture of compounds I, II, and either III or IV, all isolated from male weevils and their fecal material. The same response was elicited by mixtures of tile synthesized coimpounds. Compound I is (+)-cis-2-isopropenyl-l-methylcyclobtutaneethanol; II, cis-3,3-dimethiyl->(1,beta)cyclohexaneethanol; III, cis-3,3-dimethlyl->(1,alpha)-cyclohexaneacetaldehyde; and IV, trans-3,3-dimethyl->(1,alpha)-cyclohexanecetaldehyde.     

Sex attractant of sugar beet wireworm: identification and biological activity

The sex attractant produced by adult females of the sugar beet wire-worm, Limonius californicus (Mannerheim) has been isolated and identified as valeric acid. In the laboratory, male wireworm beetles are repelled by the pure attractant but are drawn with intense sexual excitement to its dilute solutions; in the field, male beetles are lured from a distance of 12 meters. The pheromone occurs in unusually large amounts in the female's body.     

Sex pheromone of the codling moth: structure and synthesis

The structure of a sex pheromone of the codling moth. Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), has been determined by spectrometric and chemical degradative techniques and by synthesis to be (2Z, 6E)-7-methyl-3-propyl-2,6-decadien-1-ol. In field cage tests the synthesized sex pheromone was as attractive as the natural, but neither was as attractive as ten virgin females per trap.     

Sex attractant of the grass grub beetle

The sex attractant produced by adult females of the grass grub beetle Costelytra zealandica (White) has been isolated and identified as phenol. Field tests with phenol-water mixtures were attractive to male beetles in particular.     

Sex attractant of the black carpet beetle

The principal component of the sex attractant of the black carpet beetle Attagenus megatoma (Fabricius) is trans-3, cis-5-tetradecadienoic acid.     

Host-seeking stimulant for parasite of corn earworm: isolation, identification, and synthesis

13-Methylhentriacontane has been identified in the feces and larvae of the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), as the major constituent that triggers the short-range host-seeking response of the parasite Microplitis croceipes (Cresson). This chemical, the first found that mediates the complex host-parasite relation, could upgrade present efforts to use parasites for insect control. Bioassay of closely related compounds indicated that the structural requirements for activity are remarkably specific.     

Sex pheromone of the queen butterfly: biology

Males of the queen butterfly Danaus gilippus berenice, deprived of the two extrusible brushlike "hairpencils" at the rear of their abdomen, are capable of courting females but incapable of seducing them. In normal courtship, an aphrodisiac secretion associated with the hairpencils is transferred by way of tiny cuticular "dust" particles to the antennae of the females. Of the two substances identified from the secretion, one (the ketone) acts as the chemical messenger that induces the females to mate. The only known function of the other compound (the diol) is to serve as a glue that sticks the dust to the female. Males were reared under conditions in which they produced subnormal amounts of ketone and showed reduced seductive capacity. Under certain experimental circumstances, the competence of these males was restored by addition of synthetic ketone.     

Sex pheromone of the queen butterfly: chemistry

Two major components in the "hairpencil" secretion of the male of the queen butterfly (Danaus gilippus berenice) have been identified. One, a crystalline ketone (2,3-dihydro-7-methyl-1H-pyrrolizin-1-one), is known from another danaid butterfly. The other, a viscous terpenoid alcohol (trans, trans-3,7-dimethyldeca-2,6-dien-1,10-diol), is new; its structure is confirmed by an unambiguous synthesis.     

Sex attractant of the codling moth: characterization with electroantennogram technique

trans-8, trans-10-Dodecadien-1-ol is a sex attractant of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella. Antennal responses (electroantennograms) to a series of monounsaturated compounds were used in determining the location and configuration of the two double bonds. The synthetic compound is very attractive to male codling moths in the field.     

Sex attractant in a brown alga: chemical structure

In the report "Sex attractant in a brown alga: Chemical structure" by D. G. Müller et al. [171, 815 (1971)], allo-cis-l-(cyclo-heptadien-2',5'-yl)-butene-1 in line 2 of the abstract and in line 4 of column 3, page 815 should read all-cis-l-(cycloheptadien-2',5'-yl)-butene-1.     

Sex attractant in a brown alga: chemical structure

The male-attracting substance produced by the female gametes of the marine brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus was identified as allo-cis-1-(cycloheptadien-2',5'-yl)-butene-1.     

Sex pheromone of the queen bufferfly: electroantennogram responses

Olfactory receptor responses (electroantennograms) were recorded from antennae of danaid butterflies. Antennae of male and female queen butterflies (Danaus gilippus berenice) respond equally strongly to the hairpencil of queen males, to its crude extract, and to one of its two identified secretory components (the ketone). Responses to the second component (the diol) are weak. Hairpencils of a related species, Lycorea ceres, which also contain the ketone, are equally effective in eliciting electroantennograms from both sexes of the queen. Antennae of another related species, the monarch (Danaus plexippus), respond to the same stimuli as does the queen. Monarch hairpencils, which lack the ketone, do not elicit electroantennograms in monarch or queen antennae.     

Sex pheromone specificity: taxonomic and evolutionary aspects in lepidoptera

Sex pheromone specificity is the only obvious reproduction isolating mechanism for two tortricid species and two gelechiid species. Pheromones of the gelechiid species are cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate and trans-9-tetradecenyl acetate. Male response of one gelechiid species is inhibited by the pheromone of the other species. This could be important for sympatric evolutionary saltation.     

Sex stimulant and attractant in the Indian meal moth and in the almond moth

cis-9, trans-12-Tetradecadien-1-yl acetate was isolated from the female Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), and the female almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker). It is the major if not the sole component of the sex stimulatory and attractant pheromone of female Plodia. It is present in the pheromone of the female Cadra along with at least one synergist.     

Sex pheromone of the pink bollworm moth: biological masking by its geometrical isomer

A mixture of the cis and trans forms of propylure (10-propyl-trans-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate), the sex pheromone of the female pink bollworm moth, has been separated into its pure isomers by thin-layer chromatography. The cis isomer inhibits or masks the activity of the trans isomer, as little as 15 percent of the cis isomer being sufficient to completely nullify the activity of the trans isomer.