大白菜小株采种种株的光合特性

以大白菜‘鲁白８号’两亲本为试材研究小株采种种株的光合特性,结果表明：种株功能叶片光合速率为ＣＯ２１０～１６μｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１;最大光合速率出现于开花期;种株叶片光合速率日变化常呈双峰曲线,中午降低;单叶光合能力大小受叶龄叶位影响显著;盛花期种株的光补偿点和光饱和点分别为２５～３２μｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１和９５０～１０００μｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１,ＣＯ２补偿点和饱和点分别为５５～６０μＬ·Ｌ－１和１２００～１４００μＬ·Ｌ－１;气温高于３０℃或叶片相对含水量低于７７％时光合速率下降,轻度水分胁迫下为气孔限制,严重水分胁迫下为非气孔限制;叶片、茎枝、角果均具有同化固定ＣＯ２能力,以叶片最强,茎枝最弱,茎枝和角果分别为叶片的１１％～１２％和２０％～４０％。     

温度对生姜叶片光合特性的影响

生姜产品形成期叶片光合最适温度为２５℃,此温度下光合速率和表观量子效率最高。光合速率在一定范围内随光量子通量密度和ＣＯ２浓度升高而增加。生姜叶片的光合作用光补偿点在２５～６９μｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１之间,随叶温升高而升高,且叶温越高上升幅度越大;光饱和点为６４２～８６７μｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１,在１５～２５℃范围内随叶温升高而升高,超过２５℃,则随叶温升高而下降。ＣＯ２补偿点和饱和点分别为２５～７２μＬ／Ｌ和１３４３～１５６６μＬ／Ｌ,均随叶温升高而增加,且高温条件增加幅度大。     

阿月浑子光合特性及其影响因子的研究

阿月浑子叶片光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线, 最高峰在１１ 时, 次峰在１５ 时, 中午有明显的“午休”现象; 季节变化亦呈双峰曲线, 最高峰在６ 月, 次峰在８ 月;６ 月份枝条中部叶片光合速率大于顶部和下部叶片。光合作用的光补偿点和饱和点分别为５１ μｍｏｌ·ｍ － ２·ｓ－ １ 和１ ６００ μｍｏｌ·ｍ － ２·ｓ－ １ , ＣＯ２ 补偿点和饱和点分别为１３６ μＬ／Ｌ 和８３０ μＬ／Ｌ; 光合作用的最适温度为３０ ℃, 最适土壤相对含水量为７０％ , 灌水临界期的土壤相对含水量为３０ ％ ～３５％ 。     

低温胁迫对温州蜜柑光合作用的影响

低温处理使温州蜜柑叶片的气孔导度、净光合速率、光合表观量子效率及光合作用的光饱和光强和ＣＯ２饱和浓度降低,细胞间隙ＣＯ２浓度、光补偿点和ＣＯ２补偿点提高。虽然１０℃处理植株数小时后即出现光合速率下降,但叶绿素荧光测定结果显示,只有在３℃低温处理后,反映光系统Ⅱ光化学效率的Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ比值和Ｔ１／２才有较明显下降,而Ｆ０则明显升高。低温在３０～４０μｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１弱光下对光合的影响明显大于黑暗下。     

土壤水分胁迫对大蒜光合特性的影响

研究了土壤水分胁迫对抽薹期‘苍山蒜’光合作用的影响。结果表明,在土壤水分正常条件下,大蒜光补偿点为７９umol．m＾－２．s＾－１,饱和点为９６８umol．m＾－２．s＾－１;ＣＯ２补偿点为８６uＬ．Ｌ＾－１,饱和点为１４５０uＬ．Ｌ＾－１。水分胁迫使大蒜的光合速率、光饱和点和ＣＯ２饱和点降低,光补偿点和ＣＯ２补偿点升高。     

黄瓜单个叶片光合特性研究

系统测定了１９个春季露地和冬季温室黄瓜壮龄叶片光合速率及其日变化，结果表明，在露地栽培条件下，大多数品种、杂交种和品系光合速率分布在ＣＯ２２０－３０μｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１之间。冬季温室栽培的长春密刺的光合速率远较露地栽培时低。无论温室还是露地栽培，黄瓜壮龄叶片光合速率日变化均呈双峰曲线型，有明显“午休”现象。光照强度、ＣＯ２浓度、温度及土壤湿度等外界环境条件，以及黄瓜腋负载果实与否的内的因素     

银杏光合特性的研究

银杏的光饱和点为１０６２．２μｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１,光补偿点为３３．８μｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２,ｓ＾－１。银杏光合作用受叶片内部气孔调节和外部空气相对湿度,光量子通量密度等因子影响,净光合速率的日变化在强光,高温,干燥的晴天呈双峰曲线型,在多云天气呈单峰曲线型。净光合速率的年变化呈双峰曲线型,主峰出现在６月上旬,次峰在９有旬,５月下旬和７月中旬叶片光合能力最强。     

贵州山茶属五种野生植物的光合特性研究

研究了小黄花茶（ＣａｍｅｌｌｉａｌｕｔｅｏｆｌｏｒａＹ．Ｋ．Ｌｉ）、美丽红山茶（Ｃ．ｄｅｌｉｃａｔａＹ．Ｋ．Ｌｉ），威宁短柱油茶（Ｃ．ｓａｌｅｎｅｎｓｉｓＳｔａｐｆｅｘＢｅａｕ．）、狭叶瘤果茶（Ｃ．ｎｅｒｉｉｆｏｌｉａＣｈａｎｇ）和四球茶（Ｃ．ｔａｃｈａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＦ．Ｓ．Ｚｈａｎｌｇ）贵州山茶属五种野生植物的光合生理，均为Ｃ３植物，其ＣＯ２补偿点在６０μＬ／Ｌ左右，光呼吸速率与总光合的比值为２５％左右，光补偿点８００～２５００ｌｘ，光饱和点１６００～４１０００ｌｘ。其中小黄花茶的光补偿点及光饱和点最低，威宁短柱油茶的光补偿点及光饱和点最高；净光合速率（Ｐｎ）６．００～１５．００ＣＯ２ｍｇ／（ｄｍ２·ｈ），光呼吸速率（Ｐｒ）２．００～５．００ＣＯ２ｍｇ／（ｄｍ２·ｈ），其中威宁短柱油茶的Ｐｎ及Ｐｒ均较高，四球茶的Ｐｎ及Ｐｒ均较低；Ｄｒ（暗呼吸速率）０．７０～２．６０ＣＯ２ｍｇ／（ｄｍ２·ｈ），其中威宁短柱油茶的Ｄｒ较高，小黄花茶的Ｄｒ较低。Ｐｎ、Ｐｒ及Ｄｒ相互间呈正相关；Ｃｈｌ．（ａ＋ｂ）（叶绿素）含量７．６０～１２．５０ｍｇ／ｄｍ２，其中小黄花茶的含量较高，威宁短柱油茶的含量较低。     

大白菜对CO_2浓度倍增的生理生态反应

利用半封闭式同化箱研究在７００、５００、３５０μＬ／ＬＣＯ２浓度条件下大白菜莲座期生长性状和生理特性的不同反应。结果表明，提高ＣＯ２浓度，可促进白菜光合作用，延长光合时间，降低光补偿点。与３５０μＬ／Ｌ相比，７００和５００μＬ／Ｌ光合速率增加６８％和３９％，光合时间延长５５和２５分钟。同时，ＣＯ２浓度增高，减小了气孔导度，叶温升高，蒸腾系数减弱，从而提高了水分利用率。７００和５００比３５０μＬ／Ｌ叶温分别增加０．５℃和０．１３℃，蒸腾系数降低２７．１％和２３．１％，叶面积增长８６．４％和７９．１％，叶片数增加８０．７％和４０．９％．鲜重增加７６．１％和５２．９％，干重增加３１．０％和２８．２％。     

草梅离体试管苗光合作用的研究

无病毒草莓丰香（Ｆｒａｇａｒｉａ　ａｎａｎａｓｓａ Ｄｕｃｈ．ｃｖ．Ｆｅｎｇｘｉａｎｇ）离体试管苗具有光合能力，但其光合作用受培养基中的蔗糖浓度、培养光强及培养容器内ＣＯ２浓度的影响。在无蔗糖或含有较低浓度蔗糖的培养基上和较高的培养光强下生长的试管苗，其净光合速率（Ｐｎ）、光饱和点和表观量子效率（ＡＱＹ）较高，光补偿点较低。生长有小苗的培养容器内的ＣＯ２浓度只有７０－１２０μｌ·ｌ－１，远远低于大气的ＣＯ２浓度。随着向培养容器中通入ＣＯ２浓度的增加，试管苗的Ｐｎ增加。培养６周试管苗的Ｐｎ高于培养３周的试管苗，培养容器内的ＣＯ２浓度６周培养的低于３周。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.