热激处理对桃,李离体花枝2n花粉产生的影响

对桃和李通过休眠的花枝在２０℃条件下进行水培,减数分裂前期Ⅰ进行３２℃、１２ｈ热激处理,小孢子母细胞减数分裂四分体时期二分体发生频率为５．８２％～１６．０６％,２ｎ花粉比例为１３．３３％～２０．３７％,处理后花粉离体萌发率较低;３０℃恒温培养导致花蕾败育。二分体频率重复间、花朵间和品种间差异显著。     

黄瓜开花期遗传力研究

通过对两个组合黄瓜开花期遗传力分析得出，黄瓜开花期属于由多基因控制的数量性状遗传；黄瓜开花期变异频率以Ｆ２为最大，以下依次是回交世代、亲本品种、Ｆ１代；黄瓜开花期遗传，广义遗传力约为６０％，狭义遗传力约为６０％±３０％，显性遗传力约为１０％，环境引起的差异约为４０％。     

花椰菜自交系配合力分析及性状遗传特点初报

本文采用４个亲本自交系按照Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｎｇ方法Ⅱ配制杂交组合１２个，估算其一般配合力（ＧＣＡ），特殊配合力（ＳＣＡ），总配合力（ＴＣＡ）和遗传力（ｈ＾２Ｂ，ｈ＾２Ｎ）及优势率（ｑ＾２），结果表明：单球重，成熟期（定植－采收）的一般配合力大于特殊配合力，遗传力大，优势率低，株幅，株高，叶片数的一般配合力小于特殊配合力，遗传力大，优势率高，说明各性状的遗传均受加性效应和非加性效应的共同作用。只是这两种     

烟台地方黄瓜资源产量和品质性状的配合力及遗传力

以10个优良烟台地方黄瓜种质资源为试材,对其产量和品质性状的配合力及遗传力进行了分析。结果表明:平均单瓜质量的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力均较高,在杂交后代早期世代选择即可有明显效果,而总产量、维生素C含量的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力均较低,受环境影响大。Lk1003和Hy913除了个别性状的一般配合力效应值为负值外,其它性状的一般配合力效应值均为正值,在总产量,维生素C、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性固形物含量上的特殊配合力效应值较高的组合中也都有种质资源Lk1003和Hy913的出现,在选育高产、优质的黄瓜新品种时可以利用种质资源Lk1003和Hy913作为亲本来进行杂交组合的配制。     

苹果品种资源2n花粉普查

本试验对苹果属６３个品种或类型小孢子母细胞减数分裂四分体时期进行观察，发现有３８个品种或类型四分体时期存在异常分裂相，出现二分体或三分体；同一品种或类型的不同花朵以及同一花朵的不同花药间二分体百分率差异不显著，对９９个品种或类型的花粉粒观察发现，８９个二倍体品种或类型中，有３３个存在２ｎ花粉粒，占品种总数的３７％，其中１６个２ｎ花粉百分率大于０．０４％，２Ｘ品种四分体时期二分体百分率与花粉粒中２ｎ花粉百分率无显著相关     

中国南瓜主要性状配合力与遗传力分析

以12个中国南瓜高世代自交系为试验材料，采用NCⅡ设计配制36个杂交组合，分析了12个数量性状的遗传力、配合力。结果表明：在一般配合力上，6个母本的优劣顺序为Q1〉Q3〉Q4〉Q6〉Q2〉Q5，6个父本的优劣顺序为B1〉B3〉B5〉B4〉B2〉B6；亲本的一般配合力与其在杂交组合中的特殊配合力之间无必然联系；主蔓长度、可溶性固形物含量、干物质含量的狭义遗传力较高，早代选择效果较好；节间长度、单果质量、多糖含量、β-胡萝h素含量、维生素C含量、果实纵径、果实横径的狭义遗传力较低，活合存中高代讲行进择.     

甘蓝抽薹期配合力及遗传力分析

以2个耐抽薹的甘蓝高代自交系和2个易抽薹的甘蓝高代自交系为亲本,按照Griffing完全双列杂交方法Ⅰ配制杂交组合,对其抽薹期性状进行配合力和遗传力分析。结果表明：耐抽薹自交系LN-0901和LN-0913的一般配合力和特殊配合力都较高,宜用于杂种优势育种。抽薹期性状主要由基因的加性效应控制,广义遗传力为96.42 %,狭义遗传力为67.68 %,在育种实践中适宜进行早期世代选择。     

色素万寿菊杂交组合产量性状的配合力和遗传力分析

按不完全双列杂交法,对16个杂交组合的产量性状进行配合力和遗传力分析,筛选出3个优良亲本158、186、SI,3个杂交组合SI×186、08148×196、158×197,认为高产组合是在高一般配合力的基础上再筛选高的特殊配合力而获得的。基因加性效应在遗传中占主导地位,但环境条件对产量的影响相对较大,因此,遗传力可作为产量选择的间接指标。     

番茄核雄性不育系大107果实总酸杂种优势及遗传效应

以温敏型核雄性不育系大107为母本,以6个自交系东圣3号、牛番茄、美丽莎、1439、12、A3为父本进行杂交,配制6个番茄新组合,采用酸碱滴定法,对成熟期果实的总酸进行测定,从而对果实总酸估算杂种优势、配合力和遗传力等参数,并进行同亲回归分析。结果表明:6个杂交组合中,2个组合的果实总酸度表现为正向杂交优势,4个组合表现为负向优势,此外,有1个组合表现出超亲优势;果实总酸一般配合力仅为17.18%,特殊配合力高达82.82%,广义遗传力及狭义遗传力分别57.30%和46.68%。而果实总酸的同亲相关系数为-0.0415,没有达到显著水平,仅表现出存在负相关。     

大白菜种子荚内发芽率的配合力和遗传力分析

大白菜种子荚内发芽严重影响大白菜种子质量,是一种劣性性状。以6个大白菜高代自交系作亲本,按Griffing第3种方案配制30个杂交组合,对大白菜种子荚内发芽进行配合力和遗传力分析。结果表明：大白菜种子荚内发芽率一般配合力方差与特殊配合力方差相当;大白菜种子荚内发芽受亲本遗传因素影响,由基因加性和非加性效应共同控制,种子荚内发芽除了受核基因控制外还受胞质基因影响;大白菜种子荚内发芽的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力均较低,同时受环境影响较大,可以在早期世代根据单株的表现型进行选择,而且应扩大群体规模。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.