猕猴桃优良品种及其栽培技术

猕猴桃优良品种及其栽培技术张鹏（中科院植物所北京植物园１０００９３）猕猴桃是我国特产水果之一，是一种攀缘藤本植物，在植物分类学上是属猕猴桃科（Ｄｉｌｌｅｎｉａｃｅａｅ）猕猴桃属（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａ），属之下有许多种或变种类型。全世界有猕猴桃属植物５４...     

猕猴桃16个优良品种(变种)果实性状比较

猕猴桃（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａ）全世界有５７个品种，１１７个变种，为了合理地开发利用，更好地指导生产，我们对中华猕猴桃（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）和美味猕猴桃（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａ．ｄｅｌｉｃｉｏｓａ）中人工选育的１６个优良品种（变种）的果实性状进行比较。１　材料和方法１１　试验材料１１１　来源　研究材料来源于浙江省武义县林业技术推广站内建立的００８ｈｍ２猕猴桃中间试验品种园。１１２　试验材料　中华猕猴桃良种（变种）１５个。即ＫＨ—１、ＫＨ—５、ＫＨ—６、ＬＱ—１、ＬＱ—９…     

猕猴桃果实的食疗价值

一、猕猴桃的营养目前，世界上消费量最大的前２６种水果中，猕猴桃营养最为丰富全面。在发达国家推荐的水果食品中，猕猴桃果实中的Ｖｃ、Ｍｇ及微量元素含量最高，并且是维持心血管健康的重要营养成分。在前三位低钠高钾水果中，猕猴桃由于较香蕉及柑桔含有更多的钾而位居榜首。根据国际科技文献发表的数据和美国食品药物管理局（ＦＤＡ）颁布的优良［＞１０％ＤＶ（人体每天需求量Ｄａｉｌｙ　Ｖａｌｕｅ］和优秀（＞２０％ＤＶ）营养含量的定义，猕猴桃的Ｖｃ量及食用纤维素含量达到了优秀标准，同时，猕猴桃中的Ｖｅ及Ｖｋ含量被定为优…     

长江流域猕猴桃栽培地区生态条件的评价

长江流域猕猴桃栽培地区生态条件的评价彭永宏，章文才（华南师范大学生物学博士后流动站，广州５１０６３１）（华中农业大学园艺系）猕猴桃属（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａ）植物至今已有１０９个种、变种及变型。全球从北纬５０°至赤道，从寒温带至北极森林乃至热带均有分布［...     

我国猕猴桃病害研究进展

我国猕猴桃病害研究进展福建农业大学植保系林光剑，胡翠风，高日霞猕猴桃（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａｃｈｅｎｅｎｓｌｓ）是一种维生素Ｃ含量极为丰富的藤本浆果果树。据记载，我国栽培猕猴桃至少有一千二百年历史。但当时只作为少量观赏植物栽培，而没有作为果树栽培。自１９...     

通过提高糖、酸含量以增进番茄风味的潜力

普通番茄中高糖、高酸含量的一代杂种在甜味、酸味和综合风味浓郁程度上都比当地标准栽培品种Ｃａｌ Ａｃｅ（加利福尼亚州王牌）的评价为高。在这些杂种及其父本，以及Ｃａｌ Ａｃｅ品种之间，综合风味浓郁程度存在的差异中，可滴定酸度和可溶性性固形物含量尤起决定性作用。试验结果证明，通过提高糖、酸含量，将可达到增进番茄风味的目的。 风味偏淡是市场鲜销番茄的一个通病。增加糖、酸含量将会有助于增进番茄风味。本研究旨在评定专门选育的一代杂种，其高糖、高酸含量对于风味的促进作用。     

中华猕猴桃实生育苗试验

中华猕猴桃实生育苗试验福建省农科院果树研究所陈长忠，潘林娜，詹金鸿前言中华猕猴桃（ＡｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａＣｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＰｌａｎｃｈ）是当代一种新兴水果，果实营养丰富，百克鲜果中维生素Ｃ含量可高达３００ｍｇ以上，还富含有１２种氨基酸、脂肪、维生素Ｂ、维...     

矮化中间砧一次分段枝接密封试验

矮化中间砧一次分段枝接密封试验利用一年生八楞海棠为基础，矮化中间砧Ｍ２６长度２７—３０ｃｍ，接穗新世界长度４ｃｍ，有饱满芽２—３个。先将接穗新世界用劈接方法嫁接在Ｍ２６中间砧上，并用农用地膜全包住（下面留一段地膜备用），再将中间砧Ｍ２６下部削成楔形，...     

多效唑诱导猕猴桃试管苗生根的作用机理初探

多效唑诱导猕猴桃试管苗生根的作用机理初探郭延平，李嘉瑞（西北农业大学园艺系，陕西杨陵７１２１００）关键词多效唑；猕猴桃；试管苗；生根ＡＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＲｏｏｔｉｎｇＭｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆＫｉｗｉＰｌａｎｔｌｅｔｓｉｎｖｉｔｒｏｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｂｙＰａｃｌ...     

猕猴桃ACC氧化酶cDNA克隆及全序列测定

从‘秦美’猕猴桃（ＡｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａｄｅｌｉｃｉｏｓａＣ．Ｆ．ＬｉａｎｇｅｔＡ．Ｒ．Ｆｅｒｇｕｓｏｎ．ｃｖ．Ｑｉｎｍｅｉ）呼吸高峰跃变初期的果实中提取总ＲＮＡ，然后纯化得ｍＲＮＡ，用Ｏｌｉｇｏ（ｄＴ）作为引物反转录合成ｃＤＮＡ第一链，以此为模板，用人工合成的寡聚核苷酸作为引物进行扩增，得到大小约０．９５Ｋｂ基因片段，并将其克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－５ｚｆ（＋）载体上。经限制性内切酶图谱分析，组建亚克隆并进行了全序列测定，在其开放读码框架内，由９５７个ｂｐ编码３１９个氨基酸组成，该ｃＤＮＡ与海沃德ＡＣＣ氧化酶ｃＤＮＡ的核苷酸和氨基酸残基同源率分别达９５．０１％和９５．６１％，证明己克隆到完整的秦美猕猴桃ＡＣＣ氧化酶基因编码区。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.