宁都黄鸡小肠显微结构和甲苯胺蓝染色阳性细胞分布特点

通过石蜡切片和HE染色方法观察了宁都黄鸡小肠的显微结构,同时通过改良甲苯胺蓝染色的方法鉴定小肠中的甲苯胺蓝染色阳性细胞.结果显示,宁都黄鸡小肠与一般禽类小肠显微结构类似,黏膜下层缺乏十二指肠腺,黏膜固有层缺乏淋巴小结.小肠从前到后,杯状细胞逐渐增多.3段小肠的肠腺和回肠杯状细胞呈甲苯胺蓝染色阳性.小肠壁四层结构中都有肥大细胞的分布,主要分布于黏膜上皮细胞下、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜结缔组织中.肥大细胞体积较大,多数呈卵圆形,有的细胞形态不规则,甚至有突起.胞核染色呈深蓝色,胞质中含有紫红色颗粒.结果表明,宁都黄鸡小肠腺细胞和杯状细胞甲苯胺蓝染色呈阳性,说明其能够分泌有助于吸收的活性物质;小肠中具有丰富的肥大细胞,说明宁都黄鸡有较完善的肠道免疫屏障.     

杜洛克猪肝脏、肾脏和淋巴结的显微形态及糖原PAS反应观察

为了从显微形态学研究杜洛克猪宰前的生理状况,试验采用H.E.染色方法和PAS反应,对杜洛克猪肝脏、肾脏和淋巴结进行显微形态观察。结果表明:被屠宰杜洛克猪的肝脏中含有少许的双核细胞,淋巴小结沿淋巴结内小梁分布,肾脏中肾小球、肾小管染色后结构明显,肝脏、肾脏和淋巴结的PAS反应结果均呈阳性。说明猪的淋巴结显微结构不同于其他动物,肝脏细胞具有很强的再生分裂能力,肝糖原的贮存和分解能力也较强,肾脏和淋巴结中也含有一定量的糖原或糖蛋白。     

褐云玛瑙螺肝及肾的组织学观察

利用常规切片技术对褐云玛瑙螺肝及肾的组织结构进行了显微方面的观察。结果发现,褐云玛瑙螺的肝脏表面被纤维性结缔组织覆盖,它的外面是浆膜,在黏膜下层存在较多的脂肪组织,肝小叶之间存在结缔组织,能观察到肝脏静脉,没有很明显的肝细胞索;肾脏表面包着的纤维膜紧贴在皮质上,其下面为平滑肌,可见肾小管和肾小球,肾小管管腔较窄。     

铅对昆明小鼠肾脏毒性的病理学观察

采用醋酸铅灌胃于成年昆明小鼠,观察铅致小鼠肾脏的病理形态变化。取小鼠分为4组,分别为醋酸铅高、中、低剂量组(40、20、10mg/kg)、生理盐水阴性对照组,经口灌胃每天定时定量连续给药40d。取小鼠肾脏经甲醛固定,常规石蜡包埋切片,HE染色,显微镜下观察小鼠肾脏的组织形态。结果表明,各试验组肾皮质部小管上皮细胞肿胀,胞质疏松,染色浅,空泡变性,发生广泛性颗粒变性,部分肾小管上皮细胞嗜酸性坏死;高剂量组肾皮质部肾小管周围大量淋巴细胞浸润,肾小管上皮细胞表现明显的颗粒变性和嗜酸性坏死,肾小球体积萎缩,结构破坏,出现局灶性硬化;部分肾小管管腔内可见嗜酸性凝固物,肾小球毛细血管扩张充血;中剂量组病变相对较轻;而低剂量组无明显形态学异常。结果提示铅对小鼠肾脏有毒性作用,且随剂量增加损伤加重。     

静脉注射草酸钾对犬肾功能和肾组织结构的影响

为研究草酸钙尿结石期间犬肾功能和肾脏组织结构变化,将10只比格犬随机分为2组,每组5只。按体质量(0.13mL/kg)经头静脉对处理组犬每天注射草酸钾溶液(0.5mol/L),对照组犬注射等剂量的生理盐水,每天3次,连续注射7d。观察犬的临床表现,每天采集的血清用于生化检查;在最后1次注射8h后,用手术方法采取肾脏,通过HE&Pizzolatos染色和过碘酸—雪夫氏染色(PAS)以及扫描电镜(SEM)与透射电镜(TEM)观察其病理组织结构和超微结构的变化。结果显示,处理组犬肾有点状出血灶,肾小球呈不同程度的破坏,肾小管中有大量结晶沉积,间质内有炎性细胞浸润;足细胞核皱缩、足突排列紊乱,有明显融合现象,线粒体脊断裂、双层膜结构消失;血清生化检查结果表明肾脏虑过功能下降。因此,草酸钾可导致犬肾小球功能下降,损伤肾小管上皮细胞,草酸钙结晶可在肾小管内大量沉积,并进一步导致肾功能衰退。     

大肠杆菌感染对家兔肾脏组织结构及iNOS表达的影响

利用组织病理学、免疫组织化学等方法,探讨大肠杆菌感染对实验兔肾脏的组织病理学损伤及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)在肾脏组织内的分布。结果显示,与对照组相比,大肠杆菌感染组的肾脏出现明显的病理损伤:皮质区肾小球萎缩,肾小球周围的肾间质有大量的淋巴细胞浸润,肾小管上皮细胞变性坏死,偶尔可见肾小管管腔内出现蓝染的细菌团块;髓质区有局灶性坏死,肾小管上皮细胞脱离基底膜,间质增生纤维化、充血。免疫组织化学结果显示,感染组兔肾脏组织中的iNOS的表达极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),结果表明,大肠杆菌感染可引起兔肾脏组织结构明显的病理损伤,iNOS表达量上调说明一氧化氮(NO)在一定程度上参与了大肠杆菌引起的兔肾脏损伤过程。     

鸡胚发育中免疫器官肝素阳性细胞的观察

本试验通过NBF液固定,阿尔新蓝—藏红O复染(AB/SO)法与吖啶橙染色(Acridine-Orange,AO),对不同日龄鸡免疫器官中肥大细胞(MC)及肝素阳性细胞的形态、分布及数量变化进行观察分析.结果显示,NBF溶液固定,AO染色可以清晰地显示肝素阳性细胞,其呈圆形、椭圆形和不规则形,大小不一;胸腺中肝素阳性细胞主要分布在髓质;法氏囊中肝素阳性细胞多分布于淋巴小结周围;脾脏中肝素阳性细胞分布在实质,血窦、血管周围偶见;肝素阳性细胞与AB/SO染色显示的MC的分布十分相似;18日胚龄前,免疫器官中肝素阳性细胞的数量与胚龄呈正相关,18日胚龄后肝素阳性细胞数量下降是否与肥大细胞脱颗粒有关,尚不清楚.     

藏绵羊与小尾寒羊肝脏和肾脏组织结构及糖原分布的对比研究

为了研究藏绵羊与小尾寒羊肝脏和肾脏组织结构及糖原分布特征,试验采集了饲养于海拔约为3 500 m的健康成年藏绵羊和饲养于海拔约为1 500 m的健康成年小尾寒羊的肝脏和肾脏组织,采用常规石蜡切片结合Delafield氏苏木精-伊红(H.E.)、Masson、过碘酸-Schiff氏(PAS)染色法,对藏绵羊和小尾寒羊肝脏和肾脏组织结构和指标(肝脏组织学指标包括被膜厚度、肝小叶面积、糖原分布比例,肾脏组织学指标包括单位面积肾小球数量、肾小球面积、肾小管直径、肾小管上皮细胞面积、糖原分布比例)进行了对比研究。结果表明：藏绵羊肝脏被膜厚度为138.5μm,显著厚于小尾寒羊(115.5μm,P<0.05);肝小叶面积为0.268 mm²,显著小于小尾寒羊(0.311 mm²,P<0.05)。藏绵羊肾皮质肾小球面积为9 528.2μm²,显著大于小尾寒羊(4 016.8μm²,P<0.05),且单位面积肾小球数量多于小尾寒羊(P>0.05);藏绵羊肾小管直径及肾小管上皮细胞面积显著大于小...     

高致病性猪蓝耳病的组织病理学研究

采集具有典型高致病性猪蓝耳病病变特征的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、小肠和淋巴结等制作成石蜡切片,经H.E染色后观察,显示肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死、脱落减少、肾脏局部出血、肾小球见有萎缩;肺的病例变化差异较大,可见到肺气肿、出血、肺泡壁增厚、单核淋巴细胞等炎性细胞渗出和肺泡内充满纤维素样蛋白渗出物等;肝脏见液化性坏死灶、肝小叶间结缔组织增生;脾脏的动脉鞘部位淋巴细胞减少,噬酸性粒细胞浸润,脾小体周围出血;淋巴结中见有合胞体等。     

小熊猫卵巢肥大细胞与雌性生殖干细胞的初步观察

为了解小熊猫卵巢肥大细胞分布情况,收集15只成体小熊猫的卵巢,按常规组织学技术制作组织切片。根据甲苯胺蓝染色结果,肥大细胞主要分布于血管壁与卵泡动脉外膜的结缔组织中,其数量随着发情周期呈规律性变化,发情期最高,乏情期次之,妊娠期数量最少,不同时期之间肥大细胞数量差异极显著(P0.01);阿尔新蓝-番红花红(AB-S)染色将肥大细胞可分为黏膜型、结缔组织型与混合型。肥大细胞可能对小熊猫的受精,胚胎着床,妊娠有调节作用。免疫组化染色显示,小熊猫卵巢有组胺阳性细胞,这些细胞分布也是随着发情周期呈规律性变化,卵母细胞和生殖上皮细胞呈现小鼠脉管同系物(MVH)阳性反应,说明小熊猫卵巢内存在生殖干细胞。     

Effects of a Specific Thromboxane Synthetase Inhibitor on Development of Experimental Dirofilaria immitis Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis in the Dog

Twelve Beagle dogs were immunized with aqueous-soluble Dirofilaria immitis antigens, and subsequent to at least fivefold increases in serum antibody titer, 6 mg of homologous antigen was infused into the left renal artery. Six dogs were treated once daily starting the day of infusion with 0.75 mg/kg of 1-benzylimidazole (1-BIM) in saline. Six control dogs were given saline only. Light, immunofluorescent, and transmission electron microscopic examinations of renal tissue from control dogs, 10 days after antigen infusion, showed a mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in the left kidney with polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration and fibrin deposition. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G, M, C3, and Dirofilaria antigen deposits were observed in a segmental granular pattern. Mesangial, subendothelial, and intramembranous electron dense deposits were observed, and anti-Dirofilaria antibodies were demonstrated in kidney eluates from each dog. Administration of 1-BIM had no significant effect on IgG, IgM, C3, or antigen deposits, electron dense deposits, or concentration of antibody in kidney eluates. However, 1-BIM-treated dogs had less glomerular cell proliferation, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive glomerular staining, PMNL infiltration, and fibrin deposition. These data suggest that thromboxane is an important mediator in the development of immune complex glomerulonephritis, and that in certain circumstances, inhibition of thromboxane synthesis may be an effective therapy for immune complex glomerulonephritis in the dog.     

Effects of T lymphocytes, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 on renal fibrosis in canine end-stage renal disease

Canine end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is defined as the almost complete failure of renal function or irreversible destruction and is characterized by extensive glomerular sclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis. Renal fibrosis is a common pathway leading to kidney failure. Infiltrating immunocytes in the end-stage kidney and several related factors are involved in renal fibrogenesis. A total of 18 renal tissue samples were obtained from canine patients with ESRD using biopsy and necropsy procedures. The extent of renal fibrosis was histopathologically examined by Masson trichrome staining. T-cell and B-cell localization and macrophage lineages were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Additionally, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, and IL-6 levels in the canine ESRD kidney were immunohistochemically evaluated and compared with expression patterns in the normal kidney. Significant fibrosis and infiltrating immunocytes consistent with lymphocytes were observed. Although the B-cell count was increased in the end-stage kidney, immunostaining patterns disclosed a marked increase in the number of CD3(+) cells. Furthermore, the remarkable increase in IL-1 and IL-6 levels suggests that T cells in the kidneys of dogs with ESRD spontaneously express these cytokines. In this study, the correlation between the degree of renal fibrosis and cytokines in canine ESRD was examined. The present study shows that T lymphocytes and IL-6 play important roles in renal fibrosis.     

Virus Pneumonia of Pigs; Attempts at Propagation of the Causative Agent in Cell Cultures and Chicken Embryos

Two strains of the agent of virus pneumonia, were tested for the ability to propagate in 12 types of cell cultures and in chicken embryos. The 5 primary cell cultures used were: swine kidney, lung, bone marrow, testicle, and chicken embryo kidney; and the 7 serial passage cell cultures were: swine kidney, kidney-tumor, testicle, bone-marrow, bovine kidney, and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa). The agent of virus pneumonia was propagated in primary swine kidney and in HeLa cell cultures as shown by the production of typical gross and microscopic lesions in pigs inoculated with cell future fluids. Third passage cell culture fluids, produced typical gross lesions in pigs, but fourth passage cell culture fluids produced only microscopic lesions, and no lesions were produced by sixth and eleventh passage fluids. Control pigs receiving fluids from uninoculated cell cultures remained free of gross or microscopic lesions, as did uninoculated controls. Cytopathic effects were not detected in any of the inoculated cell cultures and no cellular changes were detected by staining with Giemsa stain or acridine orange.

Neither lesions nor deaths occurred in chicken embryos inoculated with both strains of virus pneumonia virus. Pneumonia was not produced in pigs inoculated with suspensions from second chicken embryo passage of the 2 strains inoculated by the chorioallantioic sac, the amniotic sac, and the yolk sac routes.

Identical gross and microscopic lesions were produced in pigs inoculated with either pneumonic lung suspensions or with virulent cell culture fluids. Gross lesions consisted of areas of light to reddish-purple consolidation usually limited to the anterior, cardiac, and intermediate lobes of the lungs. Pleuritis and pericarditis were never present in experimentally produced virus pneumonia. The microscopic lesions were characterized by: 1. perivascular and peribronchiolar lymphoid infiltration and hyperplasia, 2. alveolar interstitial thickening and infiltration, and 3. alveolar exudates consisting of alveolar cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophiles.

     

PRRSV感染仔猪肾组织的超微病理变化分析

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）是能引起仔猪高死亡率的疾病,给养猪业带来极大的经济损失。本研究对PRRSV感染仔猪肾组织的病毒定位及产生的超微病理变化进行观察,以期了解PRRSV对肾组织细胞以及血液循环的影响。主要采用透射电镜技术结合血清生化检测、免疫组织化学染色（IHC）,对仔猪感染PRRSV后肾组织进行超微病理学观察及分析。结果发现,PRRSV感染后引起肾组织损伤,病毒主要分布于肾小球、坏死的肾小管上皮细胞胞质及巨噬细胞胞质内;肾小球内足细胞足突广泛融合或微绒毛化,内皮细胞肿胀;肾小管上皮细胞线粒体肿胀、嵴断裂、溶解;间质炎性细胞浸润。PRRSV通过巨噬细胞内复制随血液扩散至肾组织,引起损伤;根据透射电镜观察结果,足细胞足突融合,肾小球血管内皮细胞损伤引起微血栓形成,说明PRRSV感染仔猪后影响了肾小球滤过率,同时,对肾血液微循环系统造成损伤。本研究为阐明PRRSV的感染致病机制提供理论基础。     

Histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of a renal mesenchymal tumor in a young beagle dog

A 15-month-old male beagle dog used in a toxicity study had a primary renal mesenchymal tumor. Macroscopically, the tumor was a gray-white mass which was found in the right kidney, and extended from the capsule to a position slightly compressing the medulla. Microscopically, most of the tumor cells showed a myxoid pattern, in which the matrix was positive for alcian blue staining. In the other parts of the tumor, a fascicular and wavy pattern was observed, and the matrix was full of collagen fibrils. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for vimentin and fibronectin, and negative for cytokeratin, desmin, α-smooth muscle actin, Von Willebrand factor, cyclooxigenase-2 and myelin basic protein. As a result, we diagnosed this case to be a renal mesenchymal tumor. Based on the microscopic findings, interstitial characteristics and immunohistochemical features, the present case was classified as a congenital mesoblastic tumor.     

Spontaneous Nephroblastoma with Lung Metastasis in a Rat

This report describes a spontaneous nephroblastoma with lung metastasis in a 10-week-old male Crl:CD(SD) rat. Macroscopically, a white mass in the kidney and two white masses in the lung were observed. Histopathologically, the renal mass was located in the cortex of a kidney, and it caused pressure on the surrounding renal parenchyma. Three components could be distinguished in the tumor: blastemal, epithelial (primitive glomerular/tubular structures) and mesenchymal (neoplastic connective tissues) elements. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for Wilms tumor 1 protein (WT1) and vimentin. Metastasis was found in the lung. Thus, the case was diagnosed as a nephroblastoma with lung metastasis.     

羊尤氏泰勒虫病的病理学观察

对尤氏泰勒虫人工感染的绵羊进行了病理学观察。主要的组织病变：淋巴结充血、出血及淋巴窦网状内皮细胞增生;肺脏出血,间质淋巴细胞和网状细胞增生,肺泡隔增厚;肾小球内皮细胞、血管内皮细胞增生,淋巴网状细胞灶状积累,甚至形成结节;心肌细胞变性、坏死,染色不均;肠道固有膜明显充血、出血;肝细胞颗粒变性,有散在细胞坏死,汇管区和小叶间有淋巴网状细胞增生;瘤胃黏膜下层有散在性出血,肌层见灶状出血。     

Urinary Biomarkers for Acute Kidney Injury in Dogs

Routinely, kidney dysfunction and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are diagnosed by the evaluation of changes in the serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations. However, neither of these tests is sensitive or specific enough for the early diagnosis of impaired kidney function because they are both affected by other renal and nonrenal factors. Furthermore, kidney injury can be present in the absence of kidney dysfunction. Renal reserve enables normal GFR even when nephrons are damaged. Renal biomarkers, especially those present in urine, may be useful for the study of both acute and chronic nephropathies. The aim of this review is to describe the current status of urinary biomarkers as diagnostic tools for kidney injury in dogs with particular focus on acute kidney injury (AKI). The International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) canine AKI grading system and the implementation of urinary biomarkers in this system also are discussed. The discovery of novel urinary biomarkers has emerged from hypotheses about the pathophysiology of kidney injury, but few proteomic urine screening approaches have been described in dogs. Lack of standardization of biomarker assays further complicates the comparison of novel canine urinary biomarker validation results among studies. Future research should focus on novel biomarkers of renal origin and evaluate promising biomarkers in different clinical conditions. Validation of selected urinary biomarkers in the diagnosis of canine kidney diseases must include dogs with both renal and nonrenal diseases to evaluate their sensitivity, specificity as well as their negative and positive predictive values.     

Chronic renal failure in young dogs–possible renal dysplasia

The clinico-pathological findings are described in thirteen young dogs with advanced renal disease. All but three dogs were less than 2 years old. Some had signs of renal dysfunction since birth. Presenting signs were variable but anorexia, lethargy and weight loss were most frequent. All dogs had raised blood urea levels and most passed dilute urine; proteinuria and anaemia were variable findings. At necropsy all dogs had extra-renal lesions of renal failure and finely granular or lobulated, shrunken kidneys. The microscopical appearances of the kidneys were not those of amyloidosis, inflammatory or glomerular disease but were considered likely to be of developmental origin. The renal lesions were divided into three histologically distinct groups.

• 1 Predominantly cystic and connective tissue changes, characterized by striking dilatation of glomerular capsular spaces and cortical tubules.
• 2 Atypical connective tissue changes in which there were segmental bands of fibrous tissue containing primitive glomerular and tubular structures.
• 3 Predominantly glomerular and connective tissue changes, characterized by varying degrees of glomerulosclerosis and widespread calcification of glomeruli, tubules and blood vessels.

All groups had cortical and medullary interstitial fibrosis but minimal inflammatory cell infiltrates.     

1株肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的鉴定

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)具有不同致病特性,将IBV XDC-2株接种9日龄SPF鸡胚培养,可引起鸡胚死亡和出现侏儒胚,病毒EID50达5×10-5.33/mL。将IBV XDC-2株接种18日龄SPF鸡,饲养观察14 d,病鸡临床症状表现为:精神沉郁,羽毛凌乱,双翅下垂,轻微腹泻,多数拉白色水样稀粪。病死鸡出现肾肿大、呈花斑状、大量尿酸盐沉积。鸡发病率为100%,死亡率为25%。死亡鸡肺脏、肾组织制作组织切片,发现病理变化明显,主要为:肾小管扩张,上皮细胞呈玻璃样变性,部分管腔内可见坏死脱落之上皮细胞,于肾间质可见大量单核细胞浸润,肾间质有充血、出血现象;肺内动脉、毛细血管充血,淋巴细胞浸润。死亡鸡肺脏、肾组织接种鸡胚分离病毒,RT-PCR检测结果为阳性,表明该分离株为鸡传染性支气管炎病毒,具有很强的嗜肾性。