芩连液与白虎汤对气分证家兔肾功能损伤的疗效比较

为比较自拟方芩连液和白虎汤对气分证的疗效差别,以静脉注射内毒素(LPS)制作了气分证家兔模型,在两种药物治疗前后分别检测了血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、补体3(C3)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素(Urea)、尿酸(UA)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的含量变化,并观察了肾脏组织病理变化.结果显示,模型动物的肾脏产生了明显的病理损伤,血清Cr、IgA和C3含量都显著升高,ALP含量降低,Urea和UA无显著变化;与治疗前比较,白虎汤和芩连液的治疗使家兔肾脏组织病理损伤明显转轻,血清Cr、UA、IgA和C3含量都显著降低,Urea含量无显著变化,且白虎汤治疗组ALP显著降低,而芩连液治疗组C3显著低于对照组与模型组.结果表明,静脉注射LPS制作的气分证模型家兔肾脏组织收到明显的病理损伤,表现出IgA肾病的特征,白虎汤与芩连液对气分证家兔肾功能损伤具有一定的治疗作用,两者比较白虎汤具有更显著的疗效.     

芩连液与白虎汤对气分证家兔胃肠黏膜的病理影响比较

为了比较自拟方芩连液和白虎汤对气分证动物模型的治疗效果,试验通过静脉注射内毒素(LPS)复制家兔气分证模型,并在2种药物治疗前后分别观察了家兔胃肠道黏膜组织的病理变化以及测定了血清免疫球蛋白(IgA)含量。结果表明:静脉注射LPS能致家兔胃肠道黏膜组织产生明显病理损伤,血清IgA含量上升;经白虎汤和芩连液治疗后胃肠道黏膜组织病理损伤显著减轻,但血清IgA含量仍然显著高于正常水平。说明白虎汤和芩连液对LPS引起的胃肠道黏膜组织损伤都具有显著的治愈效果,而对血清IgA的含量无显著影响。     

芩连液与白虎汤对气分证家兔免疫调节及抗氧化活性的影响比较

为比较自拟方芩连液和白虎汤对气分证的疗效差别,以静脉注射脂多糖(LPS)制作气分证家兔模型,在两种药物治疗前后分别检测了血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM和IgA的含量变化,以及血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的变化。结果显示,白虎汤对气分证家兔升高了的血清免疫球蛋白和T-AOC的含量变化无显著影响,但能使血清SOD下降,MDA上升;芩连液可使得IgM和IgG含量下降,SOD上升,MDA无显著变化,而T-AOC含量下降。结果表明,白虎汤对气分证家兔免疫调节和总抗氧化能力的保持优于芩连液,但对SOD和MDA调节不及芩连液。     

芩连液与白虎汤对脂多糖致家兔肝损伤的疗效比较

为比较自拟方芩连液和白虎汤对高热病症的治疗效果,通过静脉注射脂多糖(LPS)复制了家兔高热病症,并在两种药物治疗前后分别进行了肝脏组织病理观察与血清生化指标分析。结果显示,15 μg/kg LPS能致家兔肝脏组织产生明显病理损伤,血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和尿素(Urea)含量上升,而总胆固醇(TC)含量下降,经白虎汤和芩连液治疗后肝脏组织病理损伤显著减轻,4项血清生化指标向正常水平恢复。结果表明,白虎汤和芩连液对LPS引起的肝损伤都具有显著的治愈效果,且两种组方的疗效各有优势。     

鸡与哺乳动物补体活性与C_3含量的比较

本文研究了不同动物血清补体水平及其补体C3含量的差异。采取成年鸡、猪、羊、牛、豚鼠五种动物的新鲜血清,测定其补体总活性;生化合成C3α链N端21肽,免疫家兔,制备抗鸡C3抗体,用来测定不同动物血清中C3含量。结果表明,抗鸡C3抗体能够与各种哺乳动物血清中的补体C3发生特异性反应,可以用来测定各种动物血清中的C3含量,测定结果为:鸡血清中的C3含量为0.34±0.005 mg/mL、猪1.47±0.008 mg/mL、山羊1.70±0.005mg/mL、牛1.78±0.007 mg/mL、豚鼠4.18±0.008 mg/mL,其中鸡血清中补体总活性和C3含量都远远低于哺乳动物,差异极显著(P<0.01).     

鸡与哺乳动物补体活性与C3含量的比较

本文研究了不同动物血清补体水平及其补体C3含量的差异.采取成年鸡、猪、羊、牛、豚鼠五种动物的新鲜血清,测定其补体总活性;生化合成C3α链N端21肽,免疫家兔,制备抗鸡C3抗体,用来测定不同动物血清中C3含量.结果表明,抗鸡C3抗体能够与各种哺乳动物血清中的补体C3发生特异性反应,可以用来测定各种动物血清中的C3含量,测定结果为鸡血清中的C3含量为0.34士0.005 mg/mL、猪1.47±0.008 mg/mL、山羊1.70±0.005mg/mL、牛1.78±0.007 mg/mL、豚鼠4.18±0.008 mg/mL,其中鸡血清中补体总活性和C3含量都远远低于哺乳动物,差异极显著(P＜0.01).     

FMMU白化豚鼠与花色豚鼠血清Ig和补体含量及总补体活性比较

测定比较了 2月龄的封闭群 FMMU白化豚鼠与花色豚鼠的血清免疫球蛋白含量、补体含量及活性。结果表明 :白化豚鼠血清 Ig G含量极显著低于花色豚鼠 ,而 Ig A、Ig M含量显著低于花色豚鼠。白化豚鼠 C3含量极显著低于花色豚鼠 ,C4含量显著低于花色豚鼠。血清总补体活性 ( CH50 )显著低于花色豚鼠。     

肌注PHA对犬血清中补体C3、C4的影响

植物凝集素是植物在长期进化过程中形成抵御病虫害和动物消化主要成分之一,在自然界中广泛存在。试验对各犬只肌注PHA,通过测定不同时期血清中补体C3,C4的浓度,以判定PHA是否对补体有影响作用,是提高还是降低,有显著影响的PHA剂量(mL/kg)为多少。试验中,把PHA分成4个剂量组:低剂量组(0.05 mg/kg)、中剂量组(0.10 mg/kg)、高剂量组(0.20 mg/kg)、对照组(相同剂量的生理盐水)肌肉注射犬。试验犬均按正常管理、饲喂,并在注射前和注射后的7 d、14 d对各组犬只进行采血分析,测定其血清中补体的含量,并进行统计学分析,从而可得到实验结果。结果显示,不同剂量的PHA对犬只的补体系统刺激作用不同,其中中剂量组可以极大地提高机体的补体水平,并保持一定时间的高水平,而低剂量组和高剂量组使机体的补体水平有所提高,但在两周后迅速下降,并且高剂量组使机体的补体低于原来的水平。     

肌注PHA对犬血清中补体C3、C4的影响

为研究植物凝集素(PHA)对各犬血清中补体C3、C4浓度的影响,试验分成4个组:低剂量组(0.05 mg/kg)、中剂量组(0.10 mg/kg)、高剂量组(0.20 mg/kg)、对照组,对犬进行肌肉注射。在注射前和注射后的7 d、14 d对各组犬进行采血测定其血清中补体的含量,并进行统计分析。结果:中剂量组可显著提高机体的补体水平(P<0.05),并在高水平维持较长时间;低剂量组和高剂量组作用不显著(P>0.05)。     

肌注PHA对猪血清中补体C3、C4的影响

本试验对各猪只肌注PHA,通过测定不同时期血清中补体C3、C4的浓度,来判定PHA是否对补体有影响作用,并测定有显著影响的PHA剂量。试验中,把PHA分成5个剂量组：低剂量组（0.4mg/kg）、中剂量组（0.8mg/kg）、高剂量组（1.2mg/kg）、超高剂量组（1.6 mg/kg）、对照组（0.8mg/kg生理盐水）进行肌肉注射。各试验猪均按正常管理、饲喂,并在注射后的第1、7、14d对各组猪只采血,测定其血清中补体的含量。结果显示,不同剂量的PHA对猪只的补体系统刺激作用不同,其中中剂量组可以提高机体的补体水平,并保持一定时间的高水平,低剂量组的猪只补体水平稍有升高,而高剂量组和超高剂量组则使机体的补体水平有所降低。     

Demonstration of Alternative and Classical Complement Pathway Activity in Colostrum from Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Buffalo colostrum caused lysis of unsensitized red blood cells (RBC) from sheep, goats, rabbits and chickens. RBC from cattle and buffalo were resistant to lysis. That lysis was due to the presence of natural antibodies to these RBC was ruled out since there was no reduction in haemolytic titres even after adsorption with the respective RBC. The addition of EGTA to the diluent had no effect on the haemolytic activity. These findings indicate the presence of alternative complement pathway (ACP) activity in buffalo colostrum. The haemolytic activity of buffalo complement for unsensitized rabbit RBC was reduced to very low levels by heating at 50°C for 45 min. Treatment with zymosan also inhibited the haemolytic activity, while inulin had no effect. The maximum activity of ACP occurred in the presence of 4 mmol/L Mg²⁺ in the diluent. The range of ACP activities in colostrum from buffaloes varied from 4.06 to 8.48 CH₅₀ units/ml. Using a standard system for titrating the classical complement pathway and rabbit red blood cells sensitized with goat haemolysin, the range of complement activity in buffalo colostrum was 4.81–6.77 CH₅₀/ml.     

Complement C3 participates in the development of goose fatty liver potentially by regulating the expression of FASN and ETNK1

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) occurs in humans, domestic animals and poultry. Different from upregulation of complement C3 in human NAFLD, C3 expression is inhibited in goose fatty liver ( GFL ), implying a specific role of C3 in GFL. This study was mainly focused on uncovering the uniqueness of goose liver cells in the regulation of C3 expression and identifying the downstream genes of C3 to improve understanding on the specific role of C3 in GFL. The results showed that C3 expression was inhibited in the liver, muscle and fat tissues of the overfed versus control (normally fed) geese. Oleate and insulin could inhibit C3 expression in goose primary hepatocytes but induce it in mouse primary hepatocytes. A total of 1,123 differentially expressed genes ( DEGs ) were affected by C3 overexpression and were mainly enriched in immune response/inflammation and catabolism-related KEGG pathways. Additionally, the representative downstream genes (FASN and ETNK1) of C3 could mediate the role of C3 in the development of GFL. In conclusion, the suppression of C3 in GFL is at least partially attributed to hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia and uniqueness of goose liver cells. Complement C3 does not only affect hepatic steatosis but also affect inflammation/immune response in GFL.     

基于蛋白组学体外分析益母草水煎液对补体和凝血级联通路相关活性因子的作用

旨在通过蛋白组学探索益母草水煎液对人真皮微血管内皮细胞(human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, HDMECs)凝血与抗凝血相关因子表达的调节作用。MTT法筛选益母草水煎液对HDMECs的安全浓度;使用同位素标记相对和绝对定量(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification, iTRAQ)技术分析50和100 μg·mL^-1益母草水煎液作用24 h后HDMECs蛋白表达谱的变化,通过对比各组蛋白谱的变化筛选出差异显著的相关通路,分析该通路中筛选到的可信差异表达蛋白(differentially expressed proteins, DEPs),并选取可信DEPs中与凝血与抗凝血相关的拮抗因子进行RT-PCR和ELISA验证。结果表明：1 mg·mL^-1以下益母草水煎液对HDMECs无毒副作用;益母草水煎液能够同时调节与凝血相关的血小板活化等过程和与抗凝血相关的肝素结合过程。对筛选出的补体和凝血级联通路中的5种可信DEPs分析显示,与空白组相比,50 μg·mL^-1益母草水煎液组凝血酶原(F2)、抗凝血酶-Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)、凝血因子Ⅴ(F5)和激肽原(KNG)同时显著下调,100 μg·mL^-1益母草组F2、t-PA、AT-Ⅲ、KNG显著下调;与50 μg·mL^-1益母草水煎液组相比,100 μg·mL^-1益母草水煎液组F2、AT-Ⅲ、t-PA、F5和KNG等凝血级联相关因子均显著升高。结果提示,益母草水煎液可显著改变HDMECs蛋白表达谱,并可能通过调控补体和凝血级联通路相关因子F2、AT-Ⅲ、t-PA、F5、KNG蛋白的表达对凝血与抗凝血相关拮抗因子发挥双向调控作用。     

Serological Diagnosis of Classical Swine Fever: A Comparison of a Modified Direct Complement Fixation Test with an Immunofluorescence Plaque Neutralization Test in the Diagnosis of Experimental Subclinical Infection

Antibody levels in post-infection sera from a pig inoculated with a low virulent strain of classical swine fever virus (Hannover 62) and in sera from two pigs inoculated with another low virulent strain (Spielbach 66) and from an in-contact pig were assayed by complement fixation and immunofluorescence using classical swine fever virus (ALD strain) and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (UG 59 strain) as antigens. The complement fixation test used was modified by addition of a preparation of porcine Glq to the complement and by mercaptoethanol treatment of the immune serum before use. The mercaptoethanol treatment of the immune serum resulted in complete elimination of a haemolytic prozone often seen with porcine immune sera.In the sera from the inoculated animals complement-fixing antibodies appeared earlier than neutralizing antibodies. A few weeks after inoculation there was a correlation between the presence of complement-fixing and neutralizing antibodies.During the entire observation period of 13 weeks it was not possible to demonstrate complement-fixing or neutralizing antibodies in serum from a pig exposed to infection by contact with the two pigs inoculated with the Spièlbach 66 strain of classical swine fever virus.     

曲靖兔红细胞免疫功能研究及意义

应用红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环试验（Ｃ３ｂＲＲ）和红细胞免疫复合物花环试验（ＩＣＲ）,对曲靖兔红细胞免疫功能进行了研究。结果证实,曲靖兔红细胞表面存在较高的Ｃ３ｂ受体（Ｃ３ｂｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ,Ｃ３ｂＲ）,表明红细胞免疫系统（Ｒｅｄｃｅｌｉｍｍｕｎｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ＲＣＩＳ）的概念亦适用于这种动物;曲靖兔的ＲＣＩＳ在生理及病理条件下发挥重要的免疫功能。     

β-葡聚糖酶对马岗鹅红细胞免疫功能的影响

应用红细胞C3bRR花环和红细胞ICR花环试验证实，马岗鹅红细胞表面在补体C3b受体（C3bR) ,表明红细胞免疫系统（RCIS）概念也适用于这种动物。同时，通过试验证实β－葡聚糖酶对RBC－C3bR有抑制作用，对体风ICR影响不明显。     

Effect of dietary supplementation with resveratrol on nutrient digestibility,methanogenesis and ruminal microbial flora in sheep

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on methanogenesis and microbial flora in Dorper × thin‐tailed Han cross‐bred ewes. In experiment 1, ten ewes (67.2 ± 2.24 kg BW) were assigned to two dietary treatments, a basal diet and a basal diet supplemented with resveratrol (0.25 g/head·day), to investigate the effect of resveratrol on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. In experiment 2, six ewes (64.0 ± 1.85 kg BW) with ruminal cannulae were assigned to the identical dietary treatments used in experiment 1 to investigate supplementary resveratrol on ruminal fermentation and microbial flora using qPCR. The results showed that supplementary resveratrol improved the digestibility of organic matter (OM; p < 0.001), nitrogen (N; p = 0.007), neutral detergent fibre (NDF; p < 0.001) and acid detergent fibre (ADF; p < 0.001). The excretion of faecal N was reduced (p = 0.007), whereas that of urinary N increased (p = 0.002), which led to an unchanged N retention (p = 0.157). Both CO₂ and CH₄ output scaled to digestible dry matter (DM) intake decreased from 602.5 to 518.7 (p = 0.039) and 68.2 to 56.6 (p < 0.001) respectively. Ruminal pH (p = 0.341), ammonia (p = 0.512) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) (p = 0.249) were unaffected by resveratrol. The molar proportion of propionate increased from 13.1 to 17.5% (p < 0.001) while that of butyrate decreased from 11.0 to 9.55% (p < 0.001). The ratio of acetate to propionate (A/P) decreased from 5.44 to 3.96 (p < 0.001). Supplementary resveratrol increased ruminal population of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (p < 0.001) while decreased protozoa and methanogens. In conclusion, dietary resveratrol inhibited methanogenesis without adversely affecting ruminal fermentation.