城市绿化观赏竹种的选择及配置模式探讨

根据形态征和观赏价值，选择了１４个竹种，其中观秆竹种７个７个，观叶竹种４个，盆栽３个，并对不同的园林绿化环境提出了竹种栽植的配置模式，可供类似地域参考。     

竹类种质资源竹种学名与俗名的分析

以《中国植物志》第9卷第1分册为标准参考书目对中国37属500多个竹种的称谓进行了系统的分析和整理归类,结果发现竹种学名的异名有1~12个不等,中文名字异名数量有1~16个不等,涉及的竹种数量超过半数以上,许多为常见的竹种。竹种异名的称谓大多来源于竹种的形态、色彩、用途和地域。通过对竹种称谓的系统分析、归类整理,为竹类种质资源的清查和引种提供了参考依据。     

澜沧江下游地区竹类种质资源及其保护等级划分

澜沧江下游地区集中了多种复杂气候和生物群落，被列为中国生物多样性保护“关键地区”之一，竹亚科种质资源极其丰富，是世界上竹种分布最为集中和丰富的地区之一。研究发现，该区共有竹种28属160种，其中珍稀竹类植物有15属33种，天然分布和长期栽培竹种77种。根据竹类种质资源特点，可将该区重要竹种划分为4个保护等级：重点保护、紧急保护、特殊保护和一般保护。系统研究该区域的竹类种质资源及其保护，对于竹亚科分类、竹类多样性保护和合理开发利用等具有重要意义。     

浙江省竹材加工利用现状和发展对策

浙江省竹材加工利用现状和发展对策１资源现状浙江省拥有丰富的竹类资源。现有竹种计２４属，约２００个竹种，２２个变种，２６个变型，极大部分竹种具经济特性，有材用、笋用、材笋两用、工艺用和观赏用竹种。现全省竹林面积６２．４５万ｈｍ２，较之８０年代末增加１３...     

广西干热河谷地带引种竹种适应性及其出笋特性

在广西百色右江干热河谷地带引种55个竹种,初步研究了竹种的适应性及其生长状况。结果表明,引种的55个竹种,总体成活率在80%以上,保存率在60%以上,均正常萌发出笋,初步表明这些竹种可适于右江干热河谷区域种植。对成活率和保存率均为100%的15个竹种调查其栽植当年的出笋量及笋生长状况,结果显示,15个竹种间出笋量和生长指标存在极显著差异（P<0.01）,银丝竹的出笋量最大,发笋能力最强;龙头竹、金秀甜竹、黄金间碧玉竹、大绿竹4个竹种笋生长量较大,可作为材用竹种发展;紫线青皮竹的出笋量、笋生长量均相对较大,为比较理想的高经济价值竹种。     

笋材两用竹引种繁育试验研究

通过对引进的笋材两用竹6个竹种进行繁育试验及丰产栽培管理技术的探索研究，6个竹种的引种繁育基本成功，随海拔升高越不适应生长发育，培育出了一批优良竹种。总结探索出了一套丰产栽培管理的具体指标和技术措施。     

贵阳市观赏竹种引种研究

从贵州赤水市、贵州江口县、浙江安吉县和四川长宁县引进20个观赏竹种,在贵阳清镇市进行引种试验,通过3年连续观察20个观赏竹种的适应性和观赏性,初步筛选出3个适宜竹种,分别是紫竹、黔竹、小琴丝竹。目前,对筛选出来的3个竹种进行扩繁,下一步将推广应用至贵阳市城市景观打造中。     

绿竹等30个竹种ISSR遗传多样性分析及指纹图谱构建

为了研究30个竹种的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,建立其DNA指纹图谱,为竹亚科部分植物的分类及种质鉴定提供参考,利用优化的ISSR-PCR体系,筛选出18个多态性较好的的引物,对30个竹种的DNA进行PCR扩增。结果显示,18条引物扩增出的多态性位点占100%,平均每个引物扩增出14个位点,且DNA片段长度在200—3 000bp之间;30个竹种间的平均遗传距离为0.441 4,平均遗传相似度为0.644 44;在遗传距离0.51处进行ISSR聚类分析,可以将竹种分成6组,这与传统的分类大多比较吻合。说明30个竹种具有相当丰富的遗传多样性和基因库,各竹种间有一定的遗传差异和亲缘关系;ISSR技术分析竹种间亲缘关系和遗传多样性具有较高的精确性,可作为竹种分类的参考技术。     

永安大湖竹种园丛生竹冻害情况的调查与分析

2005年12日20日永安市大湖竹种园遭遇-4.7℃低温,丛生竹受冻害较严重,其中:普陀孝顺竹(Bambusa glaucescens var.illtea)、河边竹(Bambusa multiplex var.strigosa)等10个竹种未受冻;慈竹(Neosinocalamus affinis)、金丝慈竹(Neosinocalamus affinis cv.viridiflavus)等12个竹种受1级冻害;马甲竹(Bambusa tulda)等20个竹种受2级冻害;斑坭竹(Bambusa entuldoides var.basistrata)等8个竹种受3级冻害;大泰竹(Thyrostachys oliveri)、毛勒竹(Bambusa dissemulator var.hispida)等7个竹种受4级冻害;另有4个竹种在历年冻害中已死亡。永安市为丛生竹生长北缘,引种开发丛生竹时,应选择抗冻能力强的竹种,在海拔较低的小地形气候中种植。     

慈竹、西风竹、硬头黄竹整秆带蔸埋秆育苗试验

对慈竹、西风竹、硬头黄竹三个竹种分别采用不同年龄的竹秆进行整秆带蔸埋秆育苗试验。结果表明：三个竹种都可萌发、生根、成苗。但硬头黄竹、西风竹成苗率低、育苗成本高，不可在生产上推广应用。慈竹成苗率高，育苗成本低，经济上可行，可在生产上推广应用，但以采用2、3年生竹秆为宜。     

余姚地区松幽天牛发生情况及其在枯死马尾松根部分布规律的初步研究

调查了松幽天牛(Asemum amurense)在余姚地区的发生情况及其幼虫在枯死松树根内的分布规律。结果表明,松幽天牛在余姚地区1年发生1代,以幼虫在松树根内越冬。4月中旬开始化蛹,5月中旬成虫开始羽化,6月上旬成虫开始产卵,7月下旬卵开始孵化。松幽天牛在余姚地区的平均危害率达42.9%,其发生与土壤理化性质密切相关。松幽天牛幼虫在主、侧根内的分布数量差异显著,主根内的幼虫数显著多于侧根内。还依据松幽天牛的生活学特性提出了松幽天牛的防治措施     

Cambial Anatomy and Annual Rhythm of Secondary Xylem Development in the Twigs of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) Growing in Different Forests of Gujarat State

Abstract

Seasonal behavior of vascular cambium and development of secondary xylem were studied in the 2-3-years-old branches of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) growing in moist deciduous (MDF), dry deciduous (DDF) and scrub land (SF) forests of Gujarat State. Development of xylem began with the sprouting of new leaves in January in both MDF and DDF. Xylem production culminated in July in MDF whereas it reached peak in April and July in DDF. Cambial cells ceased to divide with the maturation of leaves in November and October in MDF and DDF, respectively. Mature xylem and phloem derivatives surrounded the cambium in December in MDF and November in DDF. Radial growth in the branches of trees growing in SF was found continuous throughout the year with peak cambial activity in April, July and November. In all the three forests, maximal radial growth was encountered in July when the rains were heavy. Cambial activity and xylem development showed significant correlation with the phenology of the trees in MDF and DDF whereas cambium was found active throughout the year and no correlation was found between the cambial activity and phenology in SF.     

Do vegetative and reproductive phenophases of deciduous tropical spe-cies respond similarly to rainfall pulses?

Deciduous trees with high-density wood that occur in dry seasonal tropical regions respond to rainfall seasonality with synchrony in phenophases. However, they may exhibit interannual differences in sy...     

生长环境及收获期对野鸦椿属植物三萜类化合物含量的影响

【目的】研究不同生境和收获时间对圆齿野鸦椿不同部位总三萜类化合物积累的影响情况,为其药用价值和科学栽培的研究奠定基础。【方法】选择3个低海拔地区的8年生圆齿野鸦椿,分别于2014年11月和2015年3月采集其叶片、枝条和果实,选择高海拔地区6年生的野鸦椿和圆齿野鸦椿,于2014年8月分别采其叶片和枝条,对其总三萜类化合物含量进行了测定和比较分析。【结果】1)8月采集的叶片中三萜类化合物的含量,野鸦椿高于圆齿野鸦椿,且其含量差异呈显著性水平;但是,8月采集的枝条中三萜类化合物含量,野鸦椿低于圆齿野鸦椿。2)圆齿野鸦椿不同部位的总三萜类化合物含量存在差异,且2个月份采集的含量高低顺序均为叶片>枝条>果皮>种子,均以叶片中的含量为最高,依次为9.06%(农大)、7.14%(清流)和6.85%(邵武)。3)11月采集的圆齿野鸦椿样品中的三萜类化合物含量高于3月所采样品中的含量,其叶片中的总三萜类化合物含量最多可提高172.91%。4)圆齿野鸦椿叶片、果皮和种子中的三萜类化合物含量与试验地的海拔高度、年降水量均表现出极显著的负相关关系,与年均气温存在极显著的正相关关系,其叶片中...     

The status and conservation of whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) in China

There are five species of swan in the world. Three of them were recorded in China. They are whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus), whistling swan (Cygnus columbianus) and mute swan (Cygnus olor). Among them. whooper swan is the most famous in China. Whooper swan is a resident bird in China. They breed in Xinjiang Ugyur Autonomous Region. Inner Mongol Autonomous Region. Heilongjiang Province. etc., and winter in Qinghai. Shandong. Henan Province, etc, and the lower reaches of the Changjiang River. The total number in China is about 5.000 in breeding grounds and 15.000 in wintering grounds. Higher number were found in 1960s. Because of the changes in environment and hunting, of picking up eggs and of catching nestlings, their population is being reduced rapidly. They are in danger now. In order to protect the whooper swans, some protection measures must be taken, such as strengthening public education and scientific research, estabilshing a base of raising and breeding: developing international cooperation, strengthening the construction of natural reserves in the breeding and wintering grounds. Up to the end of 1993. 34 natural reserves have been established in China. (Responsible Editor: Sun Yueqi)     

百山祖冷杉枝叶营养元素含量与适生立地土壤养分关系分析

研究了百山祖冷杉(Abies beshanzuensis)分布区适生立地表层土壤养分及其与百山祖冷杉枝叶营养元素含量的相关性.结果表明,土壤pH5.11～6.42,土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量分别为119.075 0g/kg、2.196 2g/kg、15.016 3mg/kg、136.215 2mg/kg;百山祖冷杉对土壤N、P、K富集能力均较高,而对微量元素富集能力较弱,且枝部和针叶均未检出Na元素;较高的土壤N含量,可相应显著提高百山祖冷杉叶N、K含量水平,较高的土壤P含量,则显著抑制百山祖冷杉叶对K和枝对N的积累水平,较高的土壤Cu含量显著降低了Cu元素在叶器官中的积累,而显著增加了枝条中Cu和Zn的积累水平,较高的土壤Fe含量则显著促进了针叶中Fe元素和枝中Fe、Mn元素的积累水平.     

Comparative study of the stoichiometric characteristics of karst and non-karst forests in Guizhou,China

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) levels and their stoichiometry in plant components (leaves, branch trunks, roots) of trees in a karst forest and non-karst forest are compared. The results show that the C contents, C:N and C:P ratios of dominant species in the karst forest were lower than those in the non-karst forest, but the N and P and the N:P ratio were higher;C:N:P ratios in plant organs of trees in the karst forest were in the order of trunks>roots>branches>leaves. However, C:N:P ratio in the non-karst forest trees were trunks>branches>roots>leaves. Moreover, ratio of C:N:P in trunks was highest and lowest in leaves in both forests. In non-karst forest trees, N:P was in the order of leaves> roots>branches>trunks. There were no significant differences in the ratio of N:P in different plant components of trees in the karst forest. However, in karst and non-karst forest trees, the ratio of N:P in leaves was highest;positive correlations between N and P contents, and N and N:P ratios were observed in both karst and non-karst forests (p<0.001). Negative correlations between P and N:P ratios (p<0.05) were observed in karst forest trees, while positive correlations were observed in non-karst forest trees.     

42种树叶氨基酸组成的研究

本文研究了中国42种针、阔叶树种树叶中18种蛋白质氨基酸的含量和组成在不同科、属、种之间和不同立地条件下,不同的生长季节进行了比较和探讨。为了进一步研究它们的利用价值,着重研究了与部分粮食和肉类中蛋白质氨基酸组成之间的差别。阔叶树树叶中总的蛋白质氨基酸含量约为针叶树树叶2—3倍。所有树种的树叶蛋白质氨基酸的组成趋势基本相似,树叶中含量较高的氨基酸有天门冬氨基酸、谷氨酸等8种。树叶中总的氨基酸含量高于粮食2—3倍,而且树叶中蛋白质氨基酸的组成趋势与粮食和肉类不完全相同,特别是人和动物体内不能自身合成的8种必须氨基酸的含量分别为高粱、玉米的3倍,麦麸的2倍,与肉类相比,树叶中亮氨酸和苯西氨酸,占蛋白质氨基酸总量百分比高出4—5倍。结果表明,阔叶树叶是优良的饲料添加剂。     

Boron in forest trees and forest ecosystems

This review critically examines the role of boron (B) in forests in view of recent findings on B nutrition and the continuing occurrence of B deficiency. Many perceptions about the role of B in plants and its uptake and mobility have been altered since the last review on B in forest trees in 1990. Now there is evidence for a fundamental role of B in the formation of the pectic structure in primary cell walls in plants, and further roles in membrane function are being explored. In plants, channel-mediated B uptake, active B uptake and B uptake by mycorrhizas have been shown, B transporters have been identified, and B retranslocation has been shown. We explore these findings and their consequences on forest trees and on ecosystems that they dominate. Particular emphasis is placed on B retranslocation and B in mycorrhizal symbiosis, given their importance in trees.     

九寨沟中华松针蚧生物学特性研究

中华松针蚧Sonsaucoccus sinensis (Chen)在九寨沟主要危害油松,也危害其他松类。该虫1 a发生1代,主要以2龄若虫在松针上越冬;3月下旬雄若虫老熟,出壳结茧化蛹,5月上旬成虫羽化交配,6月上旬开始产卵,6月下旬若虫孵化,发育至2龄于10月下旬开始越冬。年发生动态分越冬代为害、初孵若虫为害和虫口自然消减3个时期;发生为害程度与温度、湿度、海拔、坡向等环境因子密切相关。